2017届英语外研版一轮复习课件：语法专题7非谓语动词.ppt

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1、语法专题七非谓语动词,-2-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点一非谓语动词的形式,-3-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2014福建)For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected.对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。(2014北京)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore

2、,he can go shopping without being recognized.这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点二非谓语动词的时态和语态1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式,否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。They worked day and night,

3、sending supplies to the flood areas.他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。(虽然send动作已经完成,但相对于work来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用having sent),-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2014福建)Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(

4、先在香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态)Im sorry to have kept you waiting long.对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起)(2014北京)There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(问题被解决)在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,2.being done所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。Being exposed to the

5、 sun for so long will do harm to our skin.暴露在阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行)3.判断语态时学会找非谓语的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。The teacher came in,following our monitor.老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点三非谓语动词做宾语,-8-,考点一,

6、考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2015陕西)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on to thank all the people who had helped in her career.获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮本尼迪克特接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。注意:动词不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾

7、语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形式宾语。Its no use arguing with him.与他争吵没有用。I think it easy to have done so much in only one day.我认为仅在一天之内就做了这么多很容易。,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四非谓语动词做状语1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;having done表示do的动作发

8、生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用done,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用having been done。,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2015湖南)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,wondering whether to stay or leave.当这名职员看到一张和蔼的、带着歉意的笑纹的脸时,她站在那里不动了,不知道是该

9、留下还是该离开。The teachers stood there talking,surrounded by the students.(The teachers 和talk之间为主动关系,The teachers和surround之间为被动关系)Having been shown around the lab,the visitors went to the library.(be shown around“被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生went这个动作),-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2014天津)Clearly and thoughtfu

10、lly written,the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.这本书写得清晰有深度,它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。(不强调write的动作先完成,只是强调the book和write之间为被动关系,也就是说这里的write只表被动,不表完成)表示时间关系的非谓语动词(短语)可由连词when/while引导。While working,they listened to the songs.工作的时候,他们听着歌。,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考

11、点六,考点七,考点八,2.做目的状语和结果状语通常用不定式,动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式一般做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。不定式放句首做状语,只表目的;做结果状语时表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而动词-ing形式不能表示目的,做结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上thus,谓语动词与动词-ing形式是因果关系。(2014湖南)To free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.要想

12、把我们自己从身心紧张的状态下解脱出来,我们每个人都需要沉思以及内心的宁静。,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,3.要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。To improve English,his father bought him many books.()(improve的逻辑主语为he,而不是his father)Walking in the street,a car knocked the boy down.()(walk的逻辑主语为the boy,而不是a car)4.不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后面做

13、原因状语或用于too.to do sth.,so.as to do sth.,enough.to do sth.等结构中做结果状语。I am happy to meet you here.我很高兴在这里遇到你。The boy is old enough to go to school.这个男孩足够大,能上学了。,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,5.独立成分做状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如considering.(鉴于/考虑到);generally speaking(一般来说);judging by/from.(从来看,依据来判断);supposing

14、 that.(假如);providing that.(假如);owing to.(由于);speaking of.(谈及);given.(考虑到);provided that.(如果);to tell the truth(实话实说);to be honest(老实说)等。Generally speaking,it is hot in summer in this area.一般来说,这个地区夏天很热。,-17-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点五非谓语动词做补足语,-18-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-19-,考点一,考

15、点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-20-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-21-,注意:find,leave(使处于某种状态),keep(使保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式做补足语,而不跟动词不定式。What you said left me thinking.你所说的令我思考。,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-22-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点六非谓语动词做定语1.不定式做定语不定式做定语可表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,c

16、hance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时一般用不定式做定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词后做定语;如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。,-23-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2013四川)The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。He ha

17、s a chance and has become the first to go abroad in our town.他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。He wanted to find a house to live in.他想找个房子居住。,-24-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,2.动词-ing形式做定语当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时,用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being done的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时,要用having been done的形式,hav

18、ing been done不做定语。动词-ing形式做定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式做定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。,-25-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2014大纲全国)Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.与以前相比,如今天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。The houses being built are for

19、 the students.正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。3.动词-ed形式做定语动词-ed形式做定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物动词-ed形式做定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物动词-ed形式做定语只表示完成,不表被动。The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。,-26-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八

20、,考点七独立主格结构独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构,它只有逻辑上的主语(名词或代词充当)和谓语(一般用非谓语动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语来充当),而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语,主要用于书面语中,在口语中不常用,在句子中起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等,用于修饰整个句子。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”也是独立主格结构的一种形式。,-27-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2015江苏)Much time spent sitting at a desk,office workers are generally t

21、roubled by health problems.大部分时间都坐在桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。(2014山东潍坊联考)The trees there are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 meters.那里的树非常高,有些高达90多米。With nothing to do,they went out for a walk.因无事可做,他们便出去散步了。,-28-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点八不定式的主动形式表示被动含义1.在“be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式”结构中,常用的形容词有:ea

22、sy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式。He is easy to get along with.他很容易相处。,

23、-29-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,2.不定式与疑问词连用时。I dont know what to do.我不知道做什么。3.某些动词(如blame/seek/let)的不定式与be动词连用时。He is to blame for the accident.他应为此次事故负责任。,-30-,.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.(2015课标全国)A study of travelers conducted(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destina

24、tions in the world.2.(2015课标全国)When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool(cool)the house during the hot day.3.(2015重庆改编)Raised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.4.(2015湖南改编)Video games can be a poor

25、influence if left(leave)in the wrong hands.,解析,-31-,5.(2015河南洛阳12月统考改编)In a single moment I felt the heaviness of the day transformed(transform)into lightness of a feather.6.(2015山西四校联考改编)So she developed her love of reading(read).7.(2015四川宜宾一诊改编)Buried(bury)in heavy schoolwork,most senior three stu

26、dents have no free time to do what they want.8.(2015广州调研改编)The officer,after recovering(recover)from the shock,began yelling at Sam.9.(2015安徽黄山第二次质检改编)To compete(compete)more effectively with others,more and more people equip themselves with higher education.,解析,-32-,10.(2015吉林省实验中学第四次模拟改编)Asked(ask

27、)why he studied the language,Mr.Zuckerberg said his wife Priscilla Chans family members speak Chinese.11.(2015甘肃部分普通高中联考改编)Encouraged(encourage),the team conducted another experiment.12.(2015北京东城下学期综合测试改编)Good news!Theres a supermarket to be built(build)in this area next month!Cool!It will be conven

28、ient for us when its open.13.(2015成都二诊改编)Determined(determine)to make his fortune in South America,Mark Twain set off from his home for New Orleans in his teens.,解析,-33-,14.(2015安徽江南十校联考改编)There he was,standing still where I had left him and opening his mouth as if to say(say)something.15.(2015河南洛阳1

29、2月统考改编)I cant remember her face now but recalling(recall)the incident makes me happy.16.(2015吉林东北师大附中第三次摸底改编)I knew she needed my help,and her smile was enough to make(make)my day.17.(2015重庆巴蜀中学模拟改编)People tend to love agricultural products grown(grow)without the use of fertilizers,pesticides or che

30、mical additives.18.(2014江西改编)When it comes to speaking(speak)in public,no one can match him.,解析,-34-,19.(2014浙江改编)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed(appoint)to guard her.20.(2014山东改编)Theres a note pinned to the door saying(say)when the shop will open aga

31、in.21.(2014山东改编)Its standard practice for a company like this one to employ(employ)a security officer.22.(2014陕西改编)Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going(go)for a swim?23.(2014湖南改编)Children,when accompanied(accompany)by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.,解析,-35-,24.(2014湖南改编)Underst

32、anding(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.25.(2014四川改编)The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop)after great effort.26.(2014天津改编)Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried i

33、t on,only to find(find)it didnt fit.27.(2014安徽改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote),Henry did his best to perform his duty.,解析,-36-,.完成句子1.失败了三次,他不想再试了。Having failed three times,he didnt want to try again.2.这位老人受到很好的照顾,过着幸福的生活。Taken good care of,the old man is living a happy

34、life.3.坐落在那边的那栋房子建于2000年。The house located over there was built in 2000.4.这个问题很值得思考。This matter is well worth thinking about/considering.,-37-,5.在两位护士的帮助下,老人挣扎着站了起来。Helped by two nurses,the old man struggled to his feet.6.因为没有收到他的回信,我决定再给他写一封信。Not having heard from him,I decided to write again.7.从他的

35、言语来看,这次考试他考得不错。Judging by his words,he did well in his exam.,-38-,.根据内容和所给提示完成下面短文Water problems in the future will become more serious.On the one hand,our 1.increasing(increase)population will greatly increase the citys waste,mainly the 2.polluted(pollute)water;on the other hand,3.increasing(increa

36、se)demands for water will reduce the amount of water available for 4.diluting(dilute)(冲淡)waste.Rapidly developing industries will produce larger quantities of liquid(液体)waste,much of which contains chemicals that are harmful.5.To feed(feed)our rapidly increasing amounts,agriculture will have to be d

37、eveloped greatly.This will produce ever increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.From this,it is obvious that more steps must be 6.taken(take)immediately 7.to solve(solve)the pollution problem.,-39-,There are two ways in which the pollution levels can be 8.reduced(reduce).This is connected wi

38、th the processing of treatment of the solid and liquid waste,to permit the reuse of the water or reduce pollution upon final treatment.The second way is 9.to develop(develop)an economic(经济的)use of all or a part of the waste.Farm manure(肥料)is 10.spread(spread)in fields.Liquid waste from plants that t

39、reat polluted water is used in some areas for irrigation.Liquid waste from other processing plants may also be 11.used(use)as an extra source of water.Many industries,such as meat and poultry processing plants,are currently 12.changing(change)former waste products into makeable by-products.Other industries are exploring possible economic uses for their waste products.,