2015中考英语考点精讲:第29讲介词和数词课件(外研版).ppt
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1、英语(外研版),第29讲介词和数词,【真题体验】1I think I should be allowed to make decisions _ myself.(2013,杭州)Awith Bto Cfor Dagainst2Ann often helps me _ math after school.(2013,温州)Afor Bwith Con Dby3Whos that man _ sunglasses?Hes Jack Ding.Ive just got an autograph from him.(2013,湖州)Aon Bfor Cof Dwith4Linda has bought
2、 a large house _ a swimming pool.(2013,绵阳)Awith Bin Con Dfrom5Ill probably stay with my friends _ I get my own place to live in.(2013,义乌)Abefore Bwhen Cafter Dbecause,介词,C,B,D,A,A,【考点梳理】中考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。学习重点应放在以下三点:1表时间、地点、方式等介词的用法;2介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用;3同义或近义介词辨析。,介词,高频考向一表时间的介词1at,in,on表示时间点用a
3、t,如:at six oclock,at noon,at midnight。表示在某个世纪、某年、某月、某个季节以及早晨、上午、下午、晚上时用in,如:in May,in winter,in the morning,in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午、下午、晚上时用on,如:on Monday,on July 1st,on Sunday morning等。2since,after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段为过去,因而要与
4、一般过去时连用。如:They have lived here since 1978.自从1978年,他们就住在这儿。After five days the boy came back.五天后这个男孩回来了。,介词,3in,afterin与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。对此提问用How soon。after与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。如:He will be back in two months.他将在2个月后回来。He returned after a month.他一个月后回
5、来了。,介词,4for,sincefor可以指过去、现在或将来,着重说明“多久”,后面接时间段。since意为“自从起”,多与完成时连用,后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作,since引导从句时,主句的动作是持续性的。如:He has lived here for 2 weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。He has lived here since 2 weeks ago.他两周前就住这儿了。Its five years since he left school.他毕业五年了。,介词,【例1】The story he told u
6、s happened _ the night of May 5.(2013,泸州)Ain Bat Cby Don点拨:在具体的某一天的晚上应用介词on。答案:_【例2】How long have you lived in the new flat?_ 2010.(2013,扬州)AIn BAfter CSince DBefore点拨:表示“自从起”应用介词since,后常接时间点或从句。答案:_【例3】Li Yuchun is my favourite singer.I once met her _ 2012 in Hunan.(2013,徐州)Ato Bon Cat Din点拨:年份前面应用
7、介词in。答案:_,介词,D,C,D,高频考向二表示地点和位置的介词1at,in,onat一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。如:He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.昨天他到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark.天黑前,他们到达了一个小村子。The teacher put up a picture on the wall.这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。,介词,2over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在上面”,但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于
8、某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一个的上面。如:There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。We flew above the clouds.我们在云层上飞行。They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。,介词,3in,on,to从下图可以看出in表示“在某一范围之内,在中”;on表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤,即“毗邻;接壤”;to则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如:Japan l
9、ies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部(范围内),中国东面(不接壤),东临太平洋(接壤)。,介词,4in front of,in the front ofin front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of表示“在的前部”,在某个范围以内。如:There are some tall trees in front of the building.这栋大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in th
10、e front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面。,介词,5across,throughacross表示从物体表面通过,与on有关。through表示通过一个空间,与in有关。如:The boy ran across the street.这个男孩跑过了街。They walked through the forest.他们穿过了森林。6below,underbelow“在下”,不一定在正下方。under“在正下方”。如:There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。Write your name below the line.在横线下方写下你的
11、名字。,介词,7between,amongbetween指两者之间。among指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如:There is a map between the door and the window.门和窗户之间有一张地图。He is sitting among the students.他坐在学生当中。,介词,【例4】Its reported that President Xi Jinping arrived _ Moscow _ March 22nd to pay a threeday visit to Russia.(2013,滨州)Aat;on Bin;on Cat;in Di
12、n;in点拨:句意:arrive at后接小地点,arrive in后接大地点;具体的某一天用介词on。答案:_【例5】Mrs.King put a coat _ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.(2013,安徽)Aover Bwith Cbehind Dbeside点拨:由语境可知句意为“金太太把一件大衣盖在那个睡觉的小女孩身上来为她保暖”。答案:_,介词,B,A,【例6】Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival(桃花节)?Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Be
13、es were flying _ them.(2013,东营)Ain Bamong Cbetween Dthrough点拨:由语境可知句意为“是的,那些花很漂亮。蜜蜂在它们中间飞来飞去”。答案:_,介词,B,高频考向三表示方式的介词by,with,in,onby表示“以方式、方法或手段”;with表示“用工具”;in表示“用方式、语言、语调或颜色”等;on则一般指用网络、电脑、电视、电话等。如:He studies English by reading aloud every day.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。How amazing!The boy can write with his two
14、 hands at the same time.真神奇,这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。Can you spell it in English?你会用英语把它拼出来吗?,介词,【例7】You can improve your English _ reading more.(2013,鞍山)Ain Bwith Cby Dof点拨:题意为“你可以通过多读来提高你的英语”,只有by可以表达“通过方式”。答案:_【例8】When I got into the room,Sue was talking _ the phone.Awith Bon Cto Din点拨:用电话在交谈,介词应用on。答案:_,介词
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