2013年外研英语选修8课件：Module4SectionⅢ.ppt

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1、Section Listening and Speaking，Everyday English，Reading Practice and Function&Cultural Corner,速效提能演练,Unit 1,Section III,重点难点探究,重点难点探究,1Researchers are now investigating“nonnative”English which is a new form of the language with changes in grammar，pronunciation and meaning.研究人员正在进行调查一种在语法、发音和意义上都有变化的

2、新的语言形式“非本土”英语。,品味经典Police are investigating the links between the murders.警察正在调查这些谋杀案之间存在的联系。The research investigates how foreign speakers gain fluency.这项研究旨在调查讲外语的人怎样增加流利程度。The scientists are investigating the effects of diet on fighting cancer.科学家正在研究饮食的抗癌作用。,自我探究investigate v调查；侦查；研究investigatio

3、n n调查，研究under investigation正在调查、研究之中be investigated for sth.因某事被调查,牛刀小试完成句子据报道警察不久就要调查此事。Its reported that the police will soon _the incident.,investigate,2What does the man complain about?那个人抱怨什么？品味经典She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work.她经常抱怨在工作中感觉不到受人赞赏。He complained(to the wa

4、iter)that his meal was cold.他(向服务员)抱怨说饭菜是凉的。,She complained to me about his rudeness.她向我诉苦说他粗鲁。“What was the weather like on your holiday？”“Oh，I cant complain.”“你度假时天气怎么样？”“没说的(要多好有多好)。”,牛刀小试用complain的适当形式填空(1)I have really got nothing to _of.(2)He _to the police of the boys stealing his apples.(3)I

5、f your neighbours are too noisy then you have cause for _.,complain,complained,complaint,(4)I have a number of _about the hotel room you have given me.,complaints,3New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right.新的方言会获得自身的复杂特性直到它们成为一门真正的语言。,品味经典Onl

6、y if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.你只有提出各种各样的问题，才能获得你所需要了解的全部信息。,Its important to acquire a good knowledge of English.学好英语非常重要。My sister couldnt take her desk with her to the new house:thats how I came to acquire it.我妹妹无法把她的书桌搬入新居，我就是这样才得到它的。,

7、自我探究acquire v得到，获得acquired adj.习得的；养成的acquirement n取得；才能；学得；学识acquire knowledge of获得的知识,易混辨析get，obtain，acquire，gain都含“得到”、“获得”的意思。(1)get指“以某种方法或手段得到某种东西”；(2)obtain是较正式用语，常指“通过努力工作、奋斗或请求而得到所需的东西”；(3)acquire强调“经过漫长的努力过程而逐渐获得”；(4)gain往往指“通过努力或有意识行动而获得某种有益或有利的东西”。,牛刀小试完成句子(1)Lucy has_(实现)all of the goal

8、s she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.,achieved,(2)只有那些有耐心把简单的事做好的人才会获得很容易应对难事的技能。Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will _ the skill to do difficult things easily.,acquire,4Experts are convinced that this will happen in the fu

9、ture as more and more people learn English and call it their own.专家确信这在未来将会发生，因为越来越多的人开始学习英语并开始用他们自己的方式说英语。,品味经典I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.我确信我们做的事情是正确的。We are all convinced of his innocence.我们都相信他是无辜的。I felt convinced that they were right.我相信他们是正确的。,Youll need to convince th

10、em of your enthusiasm for the job.你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到那份工作。I have been trying to convince him to see a doctor.我一直劝他去看病。Id convinced myself that I was right.我确信自己是正确的。,易混辨析convince，persuadeconvince和persuade的意思均为“说服”；前者着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”，后者着重情感上的“敦促”“劝告”，两者结构相同：convince/persuade sb.thatconvince/persuade sb.of s

11、th.,牛刀小试完成句子(1)科学家们确信大笑对身心健康的积极影响。Scientists are convinced _the positive effect of laughter _physical and mental health.,of,on,(2)他离开房间，确信战争将会到来。He left the room，_that a war would come.,convinced,5In_conclusion，.used to finish the text.总之，用来结束全文。品味经典In conclusion，I think there is hope for the future

12、.总之，我认为将来还有希望。I came to/reached the conclusion that hed been lying.我看他是在说谎。We will have a further discussion before we draw a conclusion.我们将做进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。,自我探究in conclusion总之arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论bring.to a conclusion使结束,牛刀小试完成句子_(总之)，Id like to say“tha

13、nk you”to all of you who helped me.,In conclusion,6English has a_huge_number_of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand.英语有大量的绚烂而华丽但很难懂得的表达。,品味经典A number of boys have been absent sometimes during the term.这学期许多男学生有时候缺课。The number of students in the computer class is l

14、imited to ten.计算机教室的学生数目限制在十人。The report says the number of endangered animals is decreasing，for a number of them are being hunted or having no food to eat.这个报告说，濒临灭绝的动物的数量正在减少，因为许多动物正受到猎杀或缺少食物。,自我探究a large/small etc.amount of大/少量的，大/小批的plenty of许多a number of许多a high/low number大/小数目,易混辨析a number of，

15、the number of(1)a number of的意思是“一些，许多”，相当于many，用于修饰可数名词。它所修饰的名词作主语时，中心词是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。(2)the number of的意思是“的数量”。当它与后面的名词连用时，中心词是the number。如果用作主语，即使后面的名词是复数，谓语也要用单数形式。,牛刀小试完成句子(1)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _(一直上升)steadily since 1997.,has been rising,(2)纽约的许多运输工人正在

16、罢工。A great _of workers of the transport firm in New York are on strike.,number,7Even if the meaning of the words is straightforward，the cultural associations of the phrase may be ambiguous.即使单词的意义是简单明了的，但词组在文化上的关联可能是含混不清的。,品味经典He has no association with foreigners.他没有和外国人结交。Scotland has all kinds of

17、 happy associations for me.苏格兰给我各种各样愉快的联想。自我探究association n联系；联想,归纳拓展associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.(connect.with.)把与联系起来associate with sb.(spend time with sb.)与某人交往associate v.使发生联系；交往；联合associate oneself with sth.声称或表示自己赞同某事物),牛刀小试汉译英(1)我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。_(2)我不喜欢你结交的这些游手好闲的人。_,Ive never associated y

18、ou with this place.,I dont like these layabouts youre associating with.,8Idioms are picturesque or absurd expressions conveying a concept which is different from the literal meaning and have been common in English for many years.习语是独特地或荒谬地表达一个概念，这不同于它的字面意思，并且这很多年以来在英语里是很普遍的。,品味经典Words cant convey ho

19、w happy I was.言辞无法表达我内心的幸福。This ship conveys oil from the Middle East.这艘船从中东运输石油。Please convey my best wishes to her.请代我向她表示最美好的祝愿。Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi.你的行李将由出租车送到酒店。,自我探究convey vt.传达，传递；运载归纳拓展convey sth.to sb.向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等)convey sb./sth.from.to.把某人/某物从运送到convey that

20、.传达/表明conveyor/conveyer n.传送装置,牛刀小试完成句子(1)诗人总是以诗的形式传达他们的情感。Poets always _their feelings in the form of poems.,convey,(2)我将把信息传达给他。I will _the information to him.,convey,9The dilemma is to know which are explicit，which are figurative，and why they are relevant to an everyday situation.困难之处在于要知道哪些是外在的，

21、哪些是比喻的，它们为什么和一个日常情况有联系。,品味经典These facts are relevant to the case.这些事实和此案有关。She has gathered all the relevant information.她收集了所有相关信息。自我探究relevant adj.有关的；切题的relevantly adv.有关地；切题地relevance n关联，贴切，中肯be relevant to与有关,牛刀小试英译汉(1)These theories are directly relevant to the practice._(2)Do you have the re

22、levant experience?_(3)What you say has no relevance to the subject._,这些理论与实践有直接关系。,你有相关的经验吗？,你所说的与主题无关。,10Thus，to talk turkey means to get_down_to business.因此，to talk turkey就意味着开始认真工作。,品味经典Its time you got down to some reading or the other students will leave you behind.现在你该开始学习了，否则其他同学就要把你甩到后面去了。Th

23、at task isnt as difficult as it seems when you really get down to it.这任务似乎很难，但当你真的做起来，并不是那么困难。,自我探究get down to(doing)sth.开始(做)某事get around传播get across被传达，被理解get sth.down吞下，咽下，记下get back返回，回来,易混辨析get down to，set out to(1)get down to中to是介词，其后应跟名词、代词或动词的ing形式，“着手认真地去干”。(2)set out to do中的to为不定式符号，其意思是“为

24、目标而努力”，等于set about doing sth.。,牛刀小试用get组成的词组填空(1)Its difficult to _ how exciting it is!很难讲清楚那是多么的激动人心！(2)Im _ well with a boy in my class.我跟班上的一位男同学一直相处得很好。,get across,getting along,(3)Many homeless people _ the habit of begging to get enough money to stay alive.许多无家可归的人开始养成乞讨谋生的习惯。(4)Our lines can

25、get very busy but please keep trying and you will eventually _.我们的电话很忙，但请继续拨打，最终你会打通的。(5)Isnt it time you _ the paper?你是时候开始改试卷了吧？,get into,get through,got down to marking,11Get your tanks off my lawn!means Back off!Withdraw your threats!and was first said by a British prime minister，rejecting the t

26、hreat of a potential strike by a trade union leader.Get your tanks off my lawn！意思是“退后！收回你的恐吓！”最初是英国的一个首相在抵制一位贸易联盟领袖发起潜在的罢工威胁时说的。,品味经典He was afraid she would reject him because he was a foreigner.他担心她会因他不是本国人而拒绝他。Her proposal met with continual rejection.她的建议一再遭到拒绝。,自我探究reject vt.拒绝接受；(医学)对呈现排斥反应reje

27、ction n拒绝reject n被拒绝或抛弃的人或物rejects from an officers training course军官培训课程的不合格者,易混辨析reject，refuse，decline(1)reject“拒绝，拒收，扔掉”；通常接名词或动名词，主语往往是人，拒绝不适当或厌恶的东西，如赠物、求婚、忠告、计划、建议等。,(2)refuse“拒绝”，普通用词。可接名词或代词，主语可以是人或物，拒绝要求、引诱、忠告、帮助等。(3)decline“谢绝，婉言拒绝”，委婉地拒绝。,牛刀小试用reject，refuse，decline的适当形式填空(1)They _to help h

28、er when she was in trouble.(2)The proposal was firmly _.(3)I offered to give them a lift but they _.,refused,rejected,declined,12With friends like these，who needs enemies？means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.With friends like these，who needs enemies？意思是一位朋友背叛了你或让你失望。,品味经典In failing

29、 to return the money，he betrayed our trust.他未能归还那笔钱而辜负了我们的信任。Those who betray our state secret break our country law.泄露国家机密的那些人触犯了国家法律。She said she was sorry，but her eyes betrayed her secret delight.她说她很难过，但她的眼神里却流露出她内心的喜悦。,自我探究betray vt.对不忠，背叛；泄露betrayal n出卖，背叛betray sb.to sb.向某人出卖某人betray oneself无

30、意中露出本性,牛刀小试汉译英(1)背叛祖国的人必须受到惩罚。_(2)他把朋友出卖给了敌人。_(3)增加税收是对选举诺言的无情背叛。_,He who betrays his country must be punished.,He betrayed his friend to the enemy.,The tax increases are a ruthless betrayal of election pledges.,13.means a friend has betrayed your trust or let_you_down.意思是“朋友辜负了你的信任或者让你失望”。,品味经典The

31、team felt that they had let the coach down.队员们觉得他们让教练失望了。He wont let you down；hes very reliable.他不会让你失望的，他很靠得住。自我探究let sb.down使某人失望,牛刀小试完成句子玻璃门已经取代了木制门，使房间里白天拥有了自然光线。The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_in the natural light during the day.,letting,14We shall overc

32、ome dates from the American Civil War，and is used almost like a prayer by the Civil Rights movement in the USA，meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.“We shall overcome”起源于美国内战，而且几乎像祈祷文一样在美国的民权运动中使用，其意思是我们要反对对黑人的偏见及抵制美国人之间的矛盾冲突。,品味经典We will overco

33、me the difficulty when we get into it.当我们遇到困难时我们就会克服它。The only way to overcome fears is to confront them.战胜恐惧的惟一方法就是去面对它们。自我探究overcome v征服，战胜,归纳拓展与come类似单词的过去式和过去分词,牛刀小试汉译英(1)到天亮时，火势被完全控制住了。_(2)他们必须克服学习中的所有困难。_,The fire was completely overcome by daybreak.,They had to overcome all the difficulties i

34、n their studies.,15.meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.意思是我们将会反对歧视黑人，并抵制美国人之间的冲突。,(1)oppose品味经典Mother opposed the idea at once.妈妈立即反对这个想法。Most of us opposed putting off the sports meet.我们大部分人反对把运动会推迟。The planned new airport will be strongly op

35、posed by the residents.修建新机场的计划将会遭到当地居民的强烈反对。,自我探究oppose v反对，反抗；使对立as opposed to相对之下，与对照下be opposed to反对；反抗，to是介词,牛刀小试汉译英(1)当我反对他的计划时，他生气了。_(2)我们坚决反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。_(3)他反对她独自一个人出国。_,He got angry when I opposed(objected to)his plan.,We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nation

36、s.,He was opposed to her going abroad alone.,(2)resist品味经典I cant resist strawberries.我挡不住草莓的诱惑。He was charged with resisting arrest.他被控拒捕。If he has a gun，dont try to resist.要是他有枪就不要反抗。,牛刀小试完成句子(4)He was charged with _(抵抗)arrest.,resisting,16Some sayings have achieved the superior status of a proverb

37、.一些俗语达到了谚语的更高境界,(1)achieve品味经典By hard working we can achieve anything.只要我们努力，任何事情都能成功。I havent achieved very much today.我今天没做成多少事。自我探究achieve vt.完成，实现，达到，获得,易混辨析achieve，reach，gain，acquire(1)achieve强调付出极大努力，克服困难后达到既定目标，还意味着通过预定的程序经过努力而获得成功，也常与一些抽象名词连用。(2)reach指到达某地，达到某目的，某种程度，而不涉及为此所花费的努力。(3)gain作“获得

38、”讲，指获得某种利益、好处或经验。(4)acquire获得，得到，通常指经过自己的努力而“获得，得到”。,牛刀小试用achieve，reach，gain，acquire的适当形式填空(1)He worked hard and _great success.(2)Soon，they _an agreement on energy.(3)You can _by watching how she works.(4)Gradually he _experience in how to do the work.,achieved,reached,acquire,gained,(2)superior品味经

39、典The new mark engine is superior to its rivals.新的型发动机强于其竞争产品。This machine is technically inferior to Western models.这台机器在技术上不如西方国家的机型先进。Only one manager is senior to me now.现在只有一位经理比我地位高。,牛刀小试完成句子(5)敌人在数量上比我们占优势。The enemy forces are superior _ours _number.,to,in,17.the fact that Chinese culture has

40、continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years is a source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.中国的文化5 000多年来未曾中断过，这个事实是激起世界其他地方的人的好奇心的源泉，也是中国文化的魅力所在。,品味经典I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity.我打开包裹只是为了满足我的好奇心。She is curious about the origin of mankind.她对

41、人类起源感到好奇。,自我探究curiosity n好奇心curious adj.好奇的be curious to do好奇地去干某事be curious about sth.对某事好奇out of curiosity出于好奇,牛刀小试完成句子(1)由于好奇，我打开了父亲的抽屉。_，I opened my fathers drawer.(2)这个小男孩对他看到的一切都很好奇。The little boy _everything that he saw.,Out of curiosity,was curious about,18It_is_estimated_that 1.3 billion pe

42、ople will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.据估计到2050年，将会有13亿人把英语作为第一语言或第二语言来使用。,品味经典It was reported that on April 21 the whole nation mourned the dead in Yushu Earthquake that happened on April 14,2010.据报道全国人民4月21日悼念了在2010年4月14日玉树地震中丧生的人们。It is believed that Yushu will not f

43、all and that Qinghai will be green forever.人们相信玉树不倒，青海长青。,自我探究句中的that引导的是主语从句，it为形式主语。其他还可以应用在It is v.ed that句型中的动词有：say，report，believe，think，suppose，hope，expect等。,归纳拓展“It is/was过去分词that.句型”(1)该句型中that引导主语从句不能省略。(2)表示命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，propose，advise等)，要求(require，request，demand，insist)的动词用

44、于本句型时，从句要用shouldv.结构，should可省略。(3)It is said/thought/believed that.结构可以转换为sb./sth.be said/thought/believed tov.，这种结构不用于主动语态。,It is ordered that all the injured(should)be treated without any delay.命令就是所有的伤员必须得到及时的救助。He is said to have been ill for a week.据说他病了一周了。,牛刀小试完成句子_(根据要求)in the school regulat

45、ion that students shouldnt use cellphones on campus.,It is required,19A third reason is that learning Chinese is，simply，a challenge.简单地说，第三个原因是学习汉语本身就是一个挑战。,品味经典What they all have in common is that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something.他们的共同点是把娱乐和学习的机会结合在一起。He was absent today.The

46、 reason was that his mother was ill.他今天缺课了，原因是他母亲病了。,The reason why he died young was that he didnt pay attention to his health.他早死的原因是不注意自己的身体健康。The reason why he failed was that he didnt review his lessons.他不及格的原因是没有好好复习功课。,自我探究that引导表语从句，that没有意义，不作成份，但不能省。The reason why.is that.“的原因是”,牛刀小试完成句子最让我感到吃惊的是他们那么快就完成了工作。_surprised me most was _they had finished the work so quickly.,What,that,