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1、安溪六中 林杏嫄2012.11.22,How to do a cloze?完形填空解题技巧,一、完型填空试题主要特点,1.通常从一篇250词左右的文章中设空20个,首句不挖空。2.干扰项设计严密。一般情况下,四个选项的词性相同或属于同一范畴,干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误,有较大的迷惑作用。例:I worked as a(n)1 at Mr.Breens fruit shop.1.A.operator B.assistant C.waiter D.secretary3.考查单词以实词(动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词)为主,虚词(连词、介词)为辅。4.设问角度突出语境,重点考查学生对上下文乃至
2、文章整体的理解,以及对词汇意义的把握。5.文章体裁以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主,选材大多富有积极的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或是充满生活情趣。,二、为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?,1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多学生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析通篇文章,单纯求快,忽略语篇理解,表面上解题速度挺快,但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。,一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。,二、为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?,2.不注意积累答题技巧:a.忽略文章 首句 的提示作用。b.忽略文章中 上下文之间 的照应关系。c.遇到长句不注意
3、 分析句子结构。d.时间安排不当,在几个选项上过分纠缠,正确的做法是 先易后难。,3.基础知识不扎实4.自信心不足,细读首句,跳过空格,通读全文,把握大意,再读全文,弥补疏漏,反复检查,确保最佳,注意语境,瞻前顾后,先易后难,初定答案,三、正确的完形填空的解题步骤,把握整体,具体分析,四、九大解题技巧,1、利用首句来解题2、根据上下文语境来解题3、利用语篇的标志性的词语解题4、根据逻辑推理解题5、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择6、从语法角度来解题7、从词汇辨析方面来解题8、从固定搭配、惯用法方面来解题9、利用词汇的复现解题,利用首句来解题,完形填空文章的首句通常是一个未被“掏空”的完整句子,这
4、便是我们探索短文全貌的“窗口”。我们可以利用首句的提示作用,判断文章的体裁,迅速推测全文的大意乃至主题,从而跨出正确解题的第一步。,例1:(2012福建卷)I often read of incidents of misunderstanding(误解)or conflict(冲突).体裁:主题:,【文章大意】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己和儿时的伙伴虽然信奉的宗教不同,但是彼此非常要好,分别多年后再次巧遇,仍使双方激动不已这一经历,告诉我们要排除种族歧视,同甘共苦,创建和谐社会。,夹叙夹议文,misunderstanding or conflict,练习1:(2012全国卷)Body la
5、nguage is the quiet,secret and most powerful language of all!体裁:主题:,说明文,【文章大意】本文是篇说明文。作者认为在进行跨文化交流过程中,身势语尤为重要。并以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例进行了阐述。最后指出,不管什么情况,最好的建议是:对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。,body language,练习2:(2012 重庆卷)I became a gardener(园艺师)when I was twelve.体裁:主题:,记叙文,【文章大意】本文是篇记叙文。讲述作者小时候出于反叛心理,在院子里种花,结果最终喜欢了园艺,后来作者在这方面做出
6、了成绩,成为一名真正的园艺师,使当初持反对意见的父母为之倍感自豪。,a gardener,例2:(2012福建卷)I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict.Im left 36.Why do these people create mistrust and problems,especially with those from other 37(races)?36.A interested(感兴趣的)B pleased(高兴的)C puzzled(困惑的)D excited(兴奋的),2.根据上下文语境来解题,【解析】根
7、据下文的作者的疑问“为什么这些人有那些不信任和问题呢?”可知作者感到非常困惑puzzled,选择C。,练习3:(2012福建卷)I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s,.One spring afternoon in 1983,I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur.Unexpectedly!It was Ismail!Even after two 51 we still recognized each other.51.A departures(离开)B months(月)C years(年)D dec
8、ades(十年),练习4:(2012陕西卷).Cold and tired,she fell asleep near a 32.He 41(jumped)over some bushes and saw the little stream,where the girl was 42.32.A.stream B.rock C.tree D.house42.A.awake B.abandoned C.available D.asleep,练习5:(2012湖南卷)Whats it like to have a gap between your teeth?a girl asked me one d
9、ay.My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth.But as she looked at me,sincerely waiting for 37,.37.A.an offer B.an answer C.a suggestion D.a result,3.利用语篇的标志性的词语解题,常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:转折关系:but,while,however;递进关系:besides,whats more,furthermore;因果关系:thus,therefore,so;结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly等。,例3:(2
10、012湖北卷)Life has become 35.However,a bicycle is simple.35.A.boring(无聊的)B.complex(复杂的)C.stressful(有压力的)D.tough(艰苦的),3.利用语篇的标志性的词语解题,【解析】根据标志词however所表达的转折语气,所选的词应与下句中“A bicycle is simple”的simple“简单的”相对应,因此选择B项,意为“复杂的”。,练习6:(2012山东卷)The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent 42.“What these
11、 people also need is warmth(温暖)and 43,”says Rita.43.A.fame(名声)B.freedom(自由)C.courage(勇气)D.caring(关心)练习7:(2012全国卷II)I was 23(driving)a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine,for I had lost my flat(套房).24.A.working B.travelling C.discussing D.living,例4:(2012重庆卷)I was touched(感动)by t
12、his land of wonder.45,my parents showed no interest in my garden.45.A.Instead B.However C.Therefore D Besides,4.根据逻辑推理解题,【解析】作者被眼前的景象所感动,作者的父母却对作者的花园不感兴趣。空白处表示的是一种转折的语气,所以选B,however然而。,练习8:(2012江西卷)Usually,on holidays,Mother 36(allowed)me to sleep in.And I would certainly take full advantage of it.O
13、n this particular morning,37,I felt like getting up early.37Aotherwise Btherefore Chowever Dbesides 练习9:(2012辽宁卷)He shouted for help,48 his wife,Brenda,was asleep in their bedroom at the opposite end of the house.48.A.and B.but C.or D.so,5.根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择,例5:(2012安徽卷)Then I had a 36 problem and had
14、to go to hospital for a 37(thorough)examination.36.A.physical(身体的)B.traveling(旅行的)C.social(社交的)D.housing(住房的),【解析】根据常识可知,作者后面说had to go to hospital不得不去医院,可知她应该是身体方面 physical 有问题。,练习10:(2012浙江卷)22 the box,Oscar saw an umbrella inside a very old one with a beautifully carved handle.22.A.opening(打开)B.s
15、eizing(抓住)C.observing(观察)D.searching(寻找)练习11:(2012湖北卷)“An odometer(里程表)without a speedometer(速度计)is like a 44 without a knife(刀子).”44.A.pencil(铅笔)B.fork(叉子)C.box(盒子)D.cake(蛋糕),例6:(2012福建卷)I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s,38 children from different races and religions played and st
16、udied 39(together)in harmony.38.A why B which C how D when,6.从语法角度来解题,【解析】本句是个定语从句,先行词指的是20世纪60年代的时候,所以用when。,练习12:(2012湖北卷)33 the shopkeeper was the selling me the bicycle,he said,This is the best thing you 34(could)have done.33.A.Although B.Because C.As D.Unless练习13:(2012天津卷)You cant blame others
17、35 you start with yourself.35.A.although B.if C.when D.unless,例7:(2012福建卷)One spring afternoon in 1983,I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur.I 47 my destination.47.A stated(表明)B ordered(命令)C decided(决定)D chose(选择),7.从词义辨析方面来解题,【解析】我叫了一个出租车并说明了我的目的地。,练习14:(2012辽宁卷)“My hearing was damaged by the 38 of farm
18、 epuipment,so I learned to connect with 39(animals).They react to what they see and what you do.”38.A.sound(声音)B.alarm(警报声)C.noise(噪音)D.voice(嗓音)练习15:(2012重庆卷)I planted some lily(百合花)seeds(种子)in the yard.But they failed to 42.42.A.come up(发芽)B.break out(爆发)C.hold on(坚持)D.get through(完成),例8:(2012福建卷)
19、At that time my family lived a stones 40 from Ismails.40.A drop(滴)B throw(扔)C move(移)D roll(滚),【解析】a stones throw 近在咫尺。,8.从固定搭配、惯用法方面来解题,练习16:(2012重庆卷)Wild 43 joy,I found the first rose bloom(开花).43.A.to B.with C.in D.by练习17:(2012重庆卷)I became a member of the company 41 back to 1925.41.A.bouncing B.d
20、ating C.turning D.tracking,【解析】date back to 追溯到。,【解析】wild with joy 欣喜若狂。,9.利用词汇的复现解题,例9:(2012福建卷)At times Ismail would accompany my family as we made a rare shopping trip to town.We would be glad of his 45.45.A arrival(到达)B choice(选择)C effort(努力)D company(陪伴),原词复现,同义词、近义词复现,同根词复现,【解析】根据上文的accompany“
21、V.陪同”可知答案为company“n.陪伴”,“有他的陪伴我感到很高兴”。,练习18:(2012全国卷I)But whatever the situation,the best 54(advice)is to obey the Golden Rule:treat others as you would like to be 55.55.A.noticed B.treated C.respected D.pleased 练习19:(2012湖南卷)Whats it like to have a gap between your teeth?a girl asked me one day.Nobody had ever 36 before.36.A.faced B.guessed C.asked D.imagined,完形填空中,有的题既可以用这种技巧解答,又可用那种技巧来解答,也有的可能要结合两种或多种技巧才能解答。但是,所有的方法或技巧都是一种辅助作用,都必须建立在扎实的语言基础之上。如果词汇不过关,句子理不顺,篇章意义不理解,任何方法或技巧都将无济于事。,五、完形填空解题方法,总的原则:先完意,后完形。八字方针:上下求索,瞻前顾后。三 步 曲:读填读。,六、作业:完成学英语报完形填空题。,Thanks,see you!,
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