专题导读真题典例新题预测专题十七说明文型完形填空共张PPT.ppt

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1、专题十七说明文型完形填空,专题导读,真题典例,新题预测,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)；二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。,返回目录,专题导读,具体特点为：

2、(1)开头点题。做说明文完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,专题导读,说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清

3、晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以顺着作者的思路，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,专题导读,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,2012课标全国卷 Body language is the quiet,secret and most powerful language of all!It speaks _1_ than words.According to specialists,our bodies send out more _2_ than we realize.In

4、 fact,nonverbal(非言语)communication takes up about 50%of what we really _3_.And body language is particularly _4_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed,what is called body language is so _5_ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,And misunderstandings oc

5、cur as a result of it._6_，different societies treat the _7_ between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having _8_ contact(接触)even with friends,and certainly not with _9_.People from Latin American countries,_10_，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore,its possible that in the_1

6、1_，it may look like a Latino is _12_ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino,trying to express friendship,will keep moving _13_.The Norwegian,very probably seeing this as pushiness,will keep _14_ which the Latino will in return regard as _15_.,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,Clearly,a great deal is going on

7、 when people _16_.And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when partners are from _17_ cultures,theres a strong possibility of _18_.But whatever the situation,the best _19_ is to obey the Golden Rule:treat others as you would like to be _20_.,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,1A.straighter Blouder

8、Charder Dfurther2A.sounds Binvitations Cfeelings Dmessages3A.hope Breceive Cdiscover Dmean4A.immediate Bmisleading Cimportant Ddifficult5A.well Bfar Cmuch Dlong6A.For example BThus CHowever DIn short,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,7A.trade Bdistance Cconnections Dgreetings8A.eye Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone9A

9、.strangers Brelatives Cneighbours Denemies10A.in other words Bon the other hand Cin a similar way Dby all means11A.trouble Bconversation Csilence Dexperiment12A.disturbing Bhelping Cguiding Dfollowing,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,13A.closer Bfaster Cin Daway14A.stepping forward Bgoing on Cbacking away Dco

10、ming out15A.weakness Bcarelessness Cfriendliness Dcoldness16A.talk Btravel Claugh Dthink17A.different BEuropean CLatino Drich18A.curiosity Bexcitement Cmisunderstanding Dnervousness,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,19A.chance Btime Cresult Dadvice20A.noticed Btreated Crespected Dpleased,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例

11、,【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者认为身势语比言辞更有效，而身势语却常常被人们忽略。在进行跨文化交流的过程中，身势语尤为重要。作者以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例进行了阐述。最后作者指出，不管什么情况，最好的建议是：对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。(你想别人怎么对待你，你就怎样对待别人。),返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,1B身势语比语言表达的意思更响亮，更清楚。此处louder意为“声音更大，即更有说服力”。如：谚语Facts speak louder than words.(事实胜于雄辩。)2D据专家称：我们的身体发出比我们意识到的更多的信息。sound声音；invitation邀请

12、；feeling感觉；message信息。3D实际上，非语言交际约占据了我们真正想表达的意思的50%的分量。hope希望；receive接收；discover发现；mean意思是。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,4C当我们进行跨文化交流时，身势语显得尤为重要。immediate立刻的；misleading 误导的；important重要的；difficult困难的。5C事实上，身势语是常常被我们忽略的“很多”的一部分。6A下文中以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例，说明不同的社会群体对待距离的态度是不同的。7B不同的社会群体对待人们之间接触的距离是不同的。trade交易；distance

13、距离；connection联系；greeting问候。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,8C即使是朋友，北欧人通常也不喜欢身体的接触，当然更不用说陌生人。eye 眼睛，眼神；verbal 言辞的；bodily身体的；telephone电话。9A北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人。stranger陌生人；relative亲戚；neighbour邻居；enemy敌人。10B拉丁美洲国家的人们彼此之间接触相当频繁。与上文的北欧人形成鲜明的对比，因此这里用“另一方面”表示对比。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,11B在对话过程中，拉丁美洲人跟着挪威人

14、满屋子转是可能的。trouble 麻烦；conversation对话；silence 沉默；experiment实验。12D在对话过程中，拉丁美洲人跟着(follow)挪威人满屋子转是可能的。此处follow意为“跟着走”。这里的意思是说拉丁美洲人喜欢与人近距离接触。13A拉丁美洲人靠得“更近”表示友好。14C挪威人将不断地后退。step forward前进；go on 继续；back away后退；come out出来。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,真题典例,15D拉丁美洲人反过来认为他们很冷淡。weakness虚弱；carelessness粗心；friendliness 友谊；co

15、ldness冷淡。16A很显然，当人们“谈话”时，许多东西都在进行。17A当我们的伙伴来自于“不同的”文化背景时，产生误解的可能性就会很大。18C见上题解析。19D不管什么样的情景，最好的“建议”是遵守这样的黄金规则：对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。20B见上题解析。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,(一)Now,I know its not always easy to do well in school.I know a lot of_1_ you have in your lives right now that can make it hard to _2_ on your

16、 schoolwork.I get it.I know what its like.My father_3_my family when I was two years old，and I was _4_ by a single mum who had to work and who struggled _5_ to pay the bills and wasnt always _6_ to give us the things that other kids had.There were times when I_7_ having a father in my life.There wer

17、e times when I was _8_ and I felt like I didnt fit in.,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,So I wasnt always as focused as I should have been on school,and I did some things Im not_9_of,and I got in more trouble than I should.And my life could have_10_taken a turn for the worse.But I was _11_，I got a lot of seco

18、nd chances,and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my _12_.,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,Some of you might not have those _13_.Maybe you dont have adults in your life who give you the _14_ that you need.Maybe someone in your family has lost his job and theres not enough money

19、to _15_ the daily expenses.Maybe you live in a neighbourhood where you dont feel safe,or have friends who are _16_ you to do things that you know arent right.But at the end of the day,_17_ the circumstances of your life are,_18_ of those is an excuse for ignoring your homework or having a bad_19_in

20、school.Theres no excuse for talking back to your _20_，or dropping out of school.Theres no excuse for not trying.,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,1A.changes Bchallenges Cattractions Dactivities2A.concentrate Bdepend Creflect Dcomment3A.supported Bhated Cloved Dleft4A.raised Badopted Ctaught Dcomforted5A.on ti

21、me Bin time Cat times Dbehind time6A.able Bglad Cgenerous Dready,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,7A.enjoyed Bmissed Cconsidered Dregretted8A.lonely Bguilty Cclumsy Dsilly9A.afraid Bsure Cproud Daware10A.simply Btruly Cactually Deasily11A.independent Blucky Cbrilliant Dhonest12A.steps Bfortunes Cinstructions

22、Ddreams,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,13A.moods Bfeelings Cadvantages Ddifficulties14A.right Bsupport Cenergy Dfreedom15A.sure Bavoid Ccover Dhave16A.permitting Bforcing Cinspiring Dreminding17A.whichever Bhowever Cwherever Dwhatever18A.none Bany Cneither Deither,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,19A.impression Bexpe

23、rience Cmemory Dattitude20A.parent Bclassmate Cfriend Dteacher,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,【文章大意】生活中很多事情都会让你难以专心于学校的学习和作业。作者同样遭遇这样的事情，生活学习本可能将会一团糟，但是在别人的帮助下，作者终于纠正了人生轨道，并且得出结论：没有任何事情能够成为不努力的借口。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,1B“我”知道在学校好好表现不容易，你目前的生活中有很多挑战，这使得集中精神做作业很难。2A见上题解析。concentrate on集中(精神)于。故选A项。3D从后文a si

24、ngle mum可知父亲在“我”两岁的时候离开了这个家。4A“我”被一个单身母亲抚养大。be raised by sb被某人抚养大。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,5Con time按时；in time最终，及时；at times有时，偶尔；behind time晩，迟。“我”的单身母亲还要“时不时地”努力支付账单。文章中单身母亲虽然能够抚养他，但因家庭贫困，有时候还要更努力地工作才能支付一些账单。6Abe able to do sth能够做某事。她不能总给“我们”其他小孩有的东西。7B“我”曾经希望有一个父亲出现在“我”的生活中。8A“我”一度感到“孤独”并且不能融入周围的生

25、活。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,9C因为孤独，本应该好好学习的“我”并没能做到这一点，而且还做了些不光彩的事情，使“我”陷入许多麻烦中。be not proud of不为之骄傲的。10D“我”的生活本来很可能因为这些糟糕的事情而改变方向。11B但是“我”很幸运，“我”有许多第二次机会。通过but表示转折可知，本来生活可能很糟糕，但是作者实际上没有，说明作者是很“幸运的”。12D“我”有机会进了大学学习法律并且追寻“我”的梦想。说明作者和其他不幸的人相比，是有优势的。13C见上题解析。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,14B也许一些人在生活中没有能够给予他所需要

26、的支持的成年人。故选B项。15C也许你家里的某些人失去了工作，没有足够的钱支付日常开销。cover the daily expenses支付日常开销。16B也许你住在一个你感觉不到安全的地方，或者你的朋友“强迫”你做一些你明知是错误的事情。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,17D但是在一天结束的时候，不管你的生活的细节是什么，它们中没有一个是你忽视作业或者在学校态度恶劣的借口。“不管你的生活的细节是什么”，no matter what the circumstances of your life are 等同于whatever the circumstances of your

27、life are。用 whatever引导让步状语从句。18A见上题解析。19D20D跟老师顶嘴或者辍学都是没有借口的。没有借口不努力。“跟老师顶嘴”意味着犯错误，和后面的“辍学”都属于错误行为。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,(二)Are supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more?When you enter a supermarket,the manager knows _21_ than you do how you will behavewhich _22_ you will walk,where you will

28、 _23_，what will make you _24_ one product rather than another.When customers go into a shop,they _25_look to their left _26_ move towards the right.So supermarket entrances are usually on the left of the building,and the arrangement is to take shoppers_27_the store，aisle after aisle,from left to rig

29、ht.Then shoppers will pay attention to all the _28_.,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,Fresh fruit and _29_ are displayed near supermarket entrances.This gives the _30_ that only healthy food is sold in the shop._31_foods that everyone buys,like sugar and tea are put near each other.They are kept in different

30、aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods _32_ they find what they want.In this way,shoppers are_33_to buy products that they do not really _34_.People walk quickly through_35_aisles,but they move more slowly in wide aisles and give more attention to the products.One bestselling _36_

31、for products is at the end of aisles,because shoppers _37_ to turn into the next aisle.,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,Sweets are often placed at childrens _38_ level at the checkout.While parents are waiting to pay,children _39_ the sweets and put them in the trolley.Customers buy more when shelves are _40

32、_ than when they are half empty because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there.,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,21A.sooner Bbetter Cmore Dless22A.side Bapproach Cplace Dway23A.go Blook Cstop Dstand24A.buy Benjoy Csee Dprefer25A.naturally Bsimply Ceasily Dhurriedly26A.or Bthen C

33、but Dand,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,27A.into Balong Caround Dthrough28A.prices Bsigns Cshelves Dproducts29A.wines Bvegetables Csweets Dmeat30A.impression Beffect Cthought Dexpression31A.Fresh BImportant CFast DBasic32A.when Bunless Cbefore Duntil,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,33A.invited Bencouraged Cwilling D

34、ready34A.use Bknow Cneed Dlike35A.narrow Bshort Chigh Dlong36A.case Bpoint Cexample Dposition37A.slow down Bhurry up Cwalk down Dcome up38A.hand Beye Chead Dheight,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,39A.pay for Bcare for Clook for Dreach for40A.low Bneat Cfull Dhigh,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,【文章大意】本文详细介绍了超市的货物位置摆放

35、的原因，以及人们的一些购物习惯。文章告诉我们超市里的所有安排都是为了让顾客购买更多的东西，从而赚取利润。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,21B本句中的better是well的比较级形式，指超市的经理比顾客对于顾客在超市里的行动了解得“更好”。22D本句是指超市经理了解你会走向哪个“方向”。23B前文说经理知道你会朝哪儿走，本句说他知道你会往哪儿“看”。24A顾客来到超市，当然是要“购买”东西。B、C、D三项不符合逻辑关系。25A当顾客走进一家商店，他们很“自然地”朝左边看，但是却走向右边。这就是很多超市的入口处都在左边而不是右边的原因。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题

36、预测,26C前半句说他们进入商店朝左边看，下半句说他们却走向右边。上下文之间存在着转折关系。27C超市的安排就是让顾客们四处参观，购买物品。take sb around带着某人四处参观。28D顾客们在超市里当然是注意到超市里的所有的“商品”。这也正是超市里这样安排的目的。29B前面的fresh fruit说明本空要填的名词与之是一类的，故B项符合文意。指新鲜的蔬菜水果被摆放在一起。30A超市把新鲜的蔬菜水果放在入口处的附近，就是想给顾客留下一个这家超市出售的产品都是新鲜的“印象”。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,31D通过下文的like sugar and tea可知，糖和茶之

37、类的产品都是人们生活必需的“基本的”日用品。32C在他们买到自己想要的东西“之前”，超市里的这些安排都在暗暗地带领着顾客逛着超市。33B在商店里，顾客都是“被鼓励”着购买自己实际上并不需要的东西。be encouraged to do sth被鼓励做某事。34C根据上文描述可知，超市里很多安排的目的就是让顾客购买很多他们并不“需要”的东西。35A根据they move more slowly in wide aisles可知，上下文之间存在着对比关系，这里使用narrow与wide相对应。,返回目录,专题十七说明文型完形填空,新题预测,36D货物卖得最好的“位置”就是在通道的尽头，因为顾客都会

38、在那里“慢下来”转向另外一个通道。37A解析参考上一题。slow down(使)慢下来。38B在收银的地方摆放着很多的糖果，这些糖果的位置通常都是和孩子的“眼睛”一样的高度，目的在于吸引孩子购买这些糖果。39D本句是指糖果的位置和孩子的眼睛差不多高，便于孩子“伸手去拿”这些糖果。40C根据下文中的half empty可知，这里是指货架是“满的”，与货架是半空着的作对比。,返回目录,教师备用习题,As we all know,some people get thirsty not for water.They are thirsty to _1_ a dream or to make somet

39、hing different.I think it is those people who are eager for _2_ with an unquenchable(止不住的)thirst who,_3_，are likely to be most satisfied with their lives.Author Napoleon Hill said,“_4_ is the starting point of all achievement,not a hope,not a wish,_5_ a strong desire which transcends(超越)everything.”

40、He is really _6_ a deep thirst.,返回目录,教师备用习题,Alan CElliott told in his book A Daily Dose of the American Dream about a fiveyear study that was undertaken to _7_ what made some people extraordinarily successful.The study consisted of detailed research into the _8_ of 120 of the nations top artists,ath

41、letes and scholars.,返回目录,教师备用习题,He reported that the researcher was _9_ to find that natural abilities played only a small part in the _10_ of those individuals.But research found that they _11_ a powerful thirst to succeed.They practised the piano four hours every day,_12_ well before school in the

42、 morning to practise swimming or running,or spent much time _13_(time they could have spent hanging out with friends)working on science projects or painting.,返回目录,教师备用习题,Parental support was also a key factor._14_ of these extraordinarily thirsty young people helped out,_15_ their children to great

43、ideas and influential persons.Many sacrificed to ensure that their children received _16_ training.But in the end,it was their childrens _17_ that made the difference.The principle _18_ adults,too.If you want to be more successful,the question you might first ask yourself is,“How thirsty am I？”Your

44、_19_ in any field you choose,anything you want to be or anything you want to do will _20_ your answer to that simple question.,返回目录,教师备用习题,1A.search Brealize Cunderstand Denter2A.anything Beverything Cnothing Dsomething3A.in the end Bfor example Cby the way Don the contrary4A.Determination BCourage

45、CDesire DConvince5A.but Bso Cor Dand6A.building up Bsuffering from Clooking for Dtalking about,返回目录,教师备用习题,7A.predict Bdiscover Cwonder Dquestion8A.tasks Bjobs Clives Dgames9A.surprised Bsatisfied Cfrightened Ddisappointed10A.failure Bhistory Cprocedure Ddevelopment11A.abandoned Bpossessed Coffered

46、Drequired12A.stood Bstayed Crose Dfell,返回目录,教师备用习题,13A.alone Bawake Calive Dalike14A.Teachers BManagers CFriends DParents15A.passing Bexposing Cdevoting Dthrowing16A.ordinary Bcruel Cgood Dphysical17A.thirst Banger Cworry Dfortune18A.stands for Bturns to Cgoes against Dapplies to,返回目录,教师备用习题,19A.suc

47、cess BlossCsalary Dresult20A.carry on Binsist onCdepend on Dbring on,返回目录,教师备用习题,【文章大意】研究人员发现，父母对孩子的成功起一定的作用，但是，最终还是孩子的渴望最重要。,返回目录,教师备用习题,1B有些人渴望实现梦想或做不同的事情。2D这些人强烈地渴望做一些事情。3Ain the end 最后；for example 例如；by the way 顺便说一下；on the contrary 正相反。就是这些人最后最有可能对自己的人生满意。4C从上下文可知人的渴望是成就的起点。下文的a strong desire也是

48、暗示。5A成就的起点不是希望，也不是愿望，而是超越一切的渴望。notbut不是而是。,返回目录,教师备用习题,6Dbuild up 建立，增强；suffer from 受罪；look for 寻找；talk about谈论。从上文语境可知他谈论的是深深的渴望。7B因为主语是a fiveyear study，所以此处指五年的研究发现了是什么使一些人非常成功。8C这个研究是由对国家的120位顶尖的艺术家、运动员和学者的生活调査组成的。9A研究人员惊奇地发现天生的能力在这些人的发展方面起着很小的作用。10D见上题解析。development发展。,返回目录,教师备用习题,11B研究人员也发现他们拥有

49、特别强大的成功的渴望。possess拥有。12C从下文的“before school in the morning to practise swimming or running”可知他们早上会早起练习游泳或跑步。13A从下文的“time they could have spent hanging out with friends”可知他们不会去和朋友闲逛，而是单独进行科学项目或绘画。14D从上文的“Parental support was also a key factor.”可知这些有着强烈渴望的年轻人的父母也有帮助。,返回目录,教师备用习题,15B父母使他们的孩子接触到伟大的思想和有影响

50、的人。16C很多父母为了让孩子得到好的训练做出牺牲。17A从上文的“But research found that theya powerful thirst to succeed.”可知最后产生影响的是孩子的渴望。18Dstand for代表；turn to求助于；go against违背；apply to应用，适用于。这个原则也适用于成年人。19A从上文的“If you want to be more successful”可知选 A。,返回目录,教师备用习题,20Ccarry on继续；insist on坚持；depend on依赖；bring on引起。你在选择的领域的成功和你想做的事