四级翻译新.ppt

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1、四级翻译北京新东方学校 石雷鹏,四级翻译命题形式,时间5分钟，5道题全部为汉译英，占5%，共36分。在答题卡2上作答。句长为15至30个词，其中有部分英语词汇给出,需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，考生只需按照英文句子意思把汉语部分翻译成英文。,四级翻译考点,1.固定搭配（词汇）2.核心语法,1.固定搭配(大纲样题),例1：By contrast,American mothers were more likely _(把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.,四级英语翻译评分细则,1整体内容和语言均正确，满分。2结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得一半分值。3整体意思正确

2、但语言有错误，得一半分值。4整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,该题目有两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth;2)oweto/attributeto 答案：to attribute/owe their childrens success to,2.核心语法,被动、从句知识（名从、状从、定从）、倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、强调结构、非谓语动词,2.核心语法考点：例1,2010-690It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁).,【考点剖析】,本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考

3、生对虚拟语气和被动的掌握。(should)be fixed/installed by the window,例2：(大纲样题),2.Not only _(他向我收费过高),but he didnt do a good repair job either.did he charge me too muchdid he overcharge me,四级翻译原则：切忌逐字翻译,2007-65.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的话).,本题主要考查if 引导的条件状语从句或固定搭配，“你方便的话”If it is convenient f

4、or youat your convenience,关注三方面：人称、单复数、动词（时态、语态、语气）,成功破解四级汉译英,解题流程：第一步：浏览句子、判定考点第二步：判定动词、切块组合,切块组合,以动词为切入点；先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。,语法考点：1.被动,2006-0691.Though a skilled worker,_(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.,第一步：由Though a skilled worker,last week because of the e

5、conomic crisis.可以推出，划线处应该补全完整主句，时态由last week确定为一般过去时态。,第二步：1.切块翻译：“解雇”=be fired(注意被动)；“他”=he；“公司”=company,2.重新组合：正确答案：he was fired by the companyfire dismiss,2008-0687.Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _(能应用于新技术的开发).,考点：固定搭配和被动语态“apply to”can be applied to the development of th

6、e new technology,2008-1291.the anti-virus agent was not known _(直到一名医生偶然发现了它),答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctoruntil a doctor found it by chance,2010-690It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁).(should)be fixed/installed by the window,2010-1288.The magnificent muse

7、um _(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.【结构分析】主语为the significant museum，谓语（据说建成于）about a hundred years ago为时间状语。,【考点】被动语态:主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系;且bulid这一动作发生在过去。据说 be said to；be said to+动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。【答案】：is said to have been built,语法考点：2.定语从句,定从翻译步骤：a.写出正确简单句，并确定中心话题(名词)b.中心话题后加入定从，关系词：who

8、/whose/which/where/when；若关系词在从句中做宾语，可省略。,2007-0688.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _(我们可以合作的领域).,第一步：浏览句子，判定考点：定语从句第二步：1.补充完成主句，注意单复数.the field,2.完成定语从句写作：判定动词,切块翻译,答案：the field where we can cooperate或者：the field in which we can cooperate,2008-12：87.Medical researchers are painfully aware th

9、at there are many problems(他们至今还没有答案)that they havent found answers toto which they still have no answers,2008-6：90._(与我成长的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting.Compared with the place where I grew up,2010-12,91.They requested that _(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.books I borrowed should be retu

10、rned to the library,I should return books I borrowed to the library,语法考点：3.名词性从句,a.宾语从句b.主语从句c.表语从句d.同位语从句,a.宾从,从句在主句中充当动词、介词或形容词的宾语：由that/what/who/whether/where/which 等引导,2007-1291.Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life_（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），not how much they can earn.,衡量：measure答案：is m

11、easured by how much can they borrow.is measured by how much they can borrow.,b.主语从句,2008-12：88.(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.,所字结构=what从句（what在从句中作宾语）What most parents are concerned about,2009-0690.(很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports.and football i

12、n particular.,90.What many people dont realize,使字结构=what 从句（what在从句中做主语）写作常用句式：I think that=what convinces me is that,2010-1290._(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.What impressed tourists the most,2._(他喜欢做的事情)is ignored by society as of no value or importance.Key:What he e

13、njoys doing,c.表语从句,【CET-4：2007.12】In my sixties,one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了).I am easier to get tired than before.答案：I am more likely to get tired than before.,语法考点：4.状语从句,状语从句：让步、时间、条件、目的、原因、地点、结果、方式和比较,小重点：让步状语从句,a.no matter+what/who/when/where/how what/who/when/where/how+ever,区分：No ma

14、tter what VS whatever No matter what:只能充当状语Whatever:引导名词性从句或状语从句,简单办法：有逗号=no matter what 无逗号=whatever,2007-1289.I am going to purchase this course,_（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）.参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make,2008-689.Leaving ones job,_(不管是什么工作),is a difficult change,even for those who look f

15、orward to retiring.,89.Leaving ones job,_(不管是什么工作),is a difficult change,even for those who look forward to retiring.【解析】第一步：待译内容是让步状语(从句)。“不管是什么”可以译作no matter what或whatever。,第二步：切块（翻译）组合：no matter what job it isno matter what the job iswhatever job it is,2(无论谁在这抽烟)will be punished.(主语从句)答案：Whoever

16、smokes here（不能用no matter who）,时间状语从句：2006-1290.Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home,目的状语从句,89.Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷)in case it turns cold,89.Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷)答案：in case of cold weather/temp

17、erature drop,条件状语从句：,2008-6：5.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的话).,本题主要考查if 引导的条件状语从句，“你方便的话”it is convenient for youat your convenience,原因状语从句：2007-1290.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because_（它更加方便和省时）.the former is more convenient and time-saving,

18、语法考点：5.倒装,在英语中,主语和谓语有两种顺序:一是主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序(Natural Order).反之,如果谓语在主语前面,就是倒装语序(Inverted Order).,倒装原因：语法结构的需要；强调。,倒装语序,全部倒装,部分倒装,Full Inversion,Partial Inversion,部分(半)倒装:(一般疑问句语序),a.表否定的副词或短语位于句首，主句半倒装I will never agree.Never will I agree.Hardly can I agree.,not until,never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,ne

19、ither,little,in no case(决不),此外：on no account,by no means,rarely,under no circumstances,under no condition,in no way(决不),neither(nor),no sooner(than),hardly(when),barely(仅仅，几乎不),in no circumstances(决不),not a bit,nowhere,not onlybut also。,(大纲样题)Not only _(他向我收费过高),but he didnt do a good repair job eit

20、her.正常语序：he charged me too much 答案：did he charge me too muchdid he overcharge me,2008-06,91._(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.解析：1.待译内容是时间状语，由于动作发生在主句谓语之前，应该用过去完成时。,2.“完成使命”可译作accomplish/completed/finish/fulfill ones mission“直到(才)”译作not until答案：Not until he had finished/fulfilled hi

21、s mission,2010-0688.The manager never laughed;neither _(她也从来没有发过脾气)did she lose her temper.did she become angry.,语法考点：虚拟语气,a.(should)+动词原形的情形b.if或but for等引导的条件句c.wish,if only的用法,a1.(should)+动词原形的情形:表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”名词性从句：动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,prom

22、ise,resolve,argue,maintain,determine,recommend,advise,advocate,persuade等。,3.The professor required that_(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.第一步：由The professor required that_,可以推出，划线处应该填写句子，并且是虚拟语气。,第二步：1.切块对应翻译：“交”=hand in；“研究报告”=research reports（名词注意单复数）；“我们”we,2.重新组合：正确答案：we(should)hand in（submit）our research r

23、eports,91.They requested that_(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.books I borrowed should be returned to the libraryI should return books I borrowed to the library,特例：it is time that+一般过去式,谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”Its time_(采取措施)about the traffic problem downtown.答案：something was done/some measures

24、were taken,b.if或but for等引导的条件句区别：if 引导从句 but for=without:加名词、代词、动名词,b1:if引导的虚拟语气,a.与现在的事实相反：If-+were/did-,-+would/might do-如果我爸是李刚，我相撞谁撞谁。If my father were Li Gang,I would collide with anyone I like.半倒装形式：Were I/Did,2.与过去的事实相反：If-+had done-,-+would/might have done-如果我生于比尔盖茨家族，我将会买好几辆公交车。If I had bee

25、n born in Bill Gates,I would have bought several buses as my private cars.半倒装：Had I,3.与将来的事实可能相反：If-+should/were to do-,-+would/should do-假如世界末日在2012年到来，我会If the doomsday were to come in 2012,I would 半倒装：Were the doomsday to,3.The victim_(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.第一步：由The v

26、ictim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。,第2步：1.切块对应翻译：“本来有机会-”=would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive2.重新组合：would have had a chance to survive.,2009-6：88.If she had returned an hour earlier

27、,Mary(就不会被大雨淋湿了).答案：wouldnt have been caught by the rain,2009-12：87.You would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做)had followed my instructions/ordershad done as I ordered,b2.but for/without=if it were not for/if it had not been for,真题再现：,89.There would be no life on earth _(没有地球独特的环境).without its uniq

28、ue environmentbut for its unique environment,c.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,C.2.If only（但愿）与wish 情况类似（从句分三种情况）：wish 均可用If only 代之，含义大致相同。如：Xiao Qiang wishes I were with him in CET-4.If only Sky were with XQ.,语法考点：比较级,1.Since my childhood I have found that _（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）（06.12）答案：nothing is more attractive to

29、me than reading,2.The more you explain,(我愈糊涂)（06.6新）原句：If I eat more,I am slimmer.The more I eat,the slimmer I become.答案：the more confused I am/become,4.It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are(更有可能增加体重)（09.6）more likely to put on weight,5.In my sixties,one change I notice is t

30、hat(我比以前更容易累了)（07.12）Im more likely to get tired than before.,词汇知识考察：,2006年6月,1.Having spent some time in the city,he had no trouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路).解题步骤:第一步：由he had no trouble.可以推出，划线处应该填写in doing sth,第2步：1.切块翻译：,“找到”=find，“路”=road/way，“去历史博古馆”=to the History Museum,2.组合：,正确答案：finding the/his way to t

31、he History Museum,同类考点：,2009-6:8787.Soon after he transferred to the new school,Ali found that he had(很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.,87.difficulty/trouble(in)catching/keeping up with his classmates.,区分keep up with 意为“跟上”，指并肩前进，并驾齐驱，不至落后、掉队；catch up with 意为赶上，指从后边追上或改变落后状。,2010年6月87.Because of the no

32、ise outside,Nancy had great difficulty _(集中注意力在实验上).,(in)concentrating on the experiment focusing her attention on the experiment,小重点：,Ving宾语I dont mind your_(你延期做出决定)the decision as long as it is not too late.,delaying making词汇积累mind作及物动词，后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。delay后接动词时，应该接动词的ing形式。,2._(为了挣钱

33、供我上学),mother often takes on more work than is good for her.,第一步：由,mother often takes on more work than is good for her.可以推出，划线处应该填写状语成分，整个句子时态是一般现在时态。,第二步：1.切块对应翻译：“为了赚钱”=in order to earn/make money，“供我上学”=for my education/tuition，,2.组合：正确答案：In order to make/earn money for my tuition,To earn money f

34、or my education;To earn money for my schooling;In order to make money to finance my education;In order to make money to fund my education;In order to earn money to afford my education,考点链接：2010-12,87._(为了确保他参加会议),I called him up in advance.In order to ensure him to attend the meetingTo ensure his attendance at the meeting,比较级考点,2006-064.The more you explain,_(我愈糊涂).If I eat more,I become slimmer.The more I eat,the slimmer I become.,解题步骤:,第一步：由The more you explain,.可以推出，划线处应该填写固定搭配，构成the more-,the more的结构形式。,第二步：1.切块对应翻译：“糊涂”=be confused(注意比较级)；“我”=I2.重新组合：the more confused I am.,