四六级写作答疑.ppt

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1、四六级写作答疑,Bobby,评分标准,整体评分法5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。字数不足应酌情扣分。2.阅卷老师的评分考虑,应对的原则,努力做到少出错四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，基础一般的同学即使使用中小学掌握的词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。应避免严重错误:最常犯的语言错误包括：语法、拼写、不成句子。最常犯的

2、语法错误包括：，时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等,应对的原则,2.努力做到多出彩词汇-丰富多变最常用的词要规避重复，使用频率高的词要注意升级-同、近义词的替换,句型-丰富多变句子长短有变-大珠小珠落玉盘短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。长句一般有1520词即可，太长则易冗赘。全文应有一定数量的长句。,-精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调；复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。-尽量加大并列句和复合句的比例，而减少简单句的比例,句子写好写长,大学生刚刚毕业就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的 It is impossible for sb.to do sth.填词：在sb.

3、的位置填上“刚刚毕业的大学生”，在不定式的位置填上“找到高薪的工作”，如下所示：It is impossible for 刚刚毕业的大学生to找到高薪的工作。,形容词“刚刚毕业的”-你会吗？定语从句：college students who have just graduated形容词“高薪的”-想得起来吗？变招定语从句：to find jobs which can give them a lot of money 整个句子写成：It is impossible for college students who have just graduated to find jobs which ca

4、n give them a lot of money.（真的赞赏这样的句子吗？）,换种思路，再简单点,大学生刚刚毕业就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的。拆分成为四句：每年，都有很多大学生毕业。他们都想找到工作。这些工作可以给他们很多钱。这是不可能的。,拆解翻译容易啊Every year,many college students graduate。They all want to find jobs。These jobs can give them a lot of money。This is impossible。,润色一下：Every year,many college students g

5、raduate。换词：many=？扩充：graduate from.(可以填什么呢？）最后变成：Every year,heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities and institutes.(成气候了）,They all want to find jobs。These jobs can give them a lot of money。怎么处理好呢？=They all want to find jobs，which can give them a lot of money.润色1）换词 give=？a lot

6、of money=?give=offer a lot of money=handsome salaries2)变身为：They all want to find jobs，which can offer them handsome salaries.3)还能变吗？再复杂点They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries。,They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries.This is imp

7、ossible。这句怎么办？这次不采用复合句，而采用并列句,与上句是什么逻辑关系？转折-but 润色：impossible太简单了，也太绝对了改为：hardly possible,Every year,many college students graduate。They all want to find jobs。These jobs can give them a lot of money。This is impossible。对比一下1）Every year,heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities an

8、d institutes.They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries，but this is hardly possible。再对比2）It is hardly possible for newly-graduated students to find well-paying jobs 你喜欢那个句子？但那个更适合你呢？,应对的原则,结构清晰，层次分明-各类指路词,连接词的运用,应对的原则,语言比内容更重要,应对的步骤,审题-“明目”,细读题目以及所列提纲中的内容划出考题关键词是我们解决

9、内容的第一步，确保“写的对”依据审题的过程中划出的关键词，打开思路，构思内容，保证“写的多”筛选出最佳的写作内容和思路从而达到“写得好”,常见话题,大学生的视角/公民的视角06年上半年考察大学生自主选择任课教师06年底考察对除夕春节联欢晚会的看法,常见话题,大学生的视角/公民的视角07年考应用文：An announcement to welcome students to join to a club07年底考察对选修课的看法和具体选择的原因。,常见话题,大学生的视角/公民的视角08年上半年考察娱乐活动，要求大学生站在自己的立场发表看法觉得娱乐活动是使人受益还是对人有负面影响08年底考察对限塑

10、令的个人看法和其意义所在。,常见话题,大学生的视角/公民的视角09年考察博物馆是否应该对公众免费开放，并要求考生站在一个普通市民的角度提出看法，判断博物馆是否应该免费开放09年12月考察的就直接是校园绿化的话题，要学生提出搞好校园绿化的建议措施。,2010年6月四级考题,Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写，2.出现这种现象的原因是3.为了改变这种状况，我认为.,想得到才能写得出-“醒脑”,问题一：不知写什么方法一：头脑风暴：,方法二：逐层递进法：个人-家庭-社区-国家-世界,2.TMM STREEC 法（他妈

11、妈上街法）streec=street,Technology&Efficiency(效率)Mind&Soul(精神)Money&FunSociety&CrimeTime&SpaceRights&ResponsibilitiesEnvironment&HealthEmployment(就业)&Competition(竞争)Culture&Population,Tech&EfMind&SoulMon&FunSoci&CrimTime&SpaRi&RespEnvi&HealEmpl&compCul&Pop,科技(提高)效率头脑(对应)精神金钱(买到)乐趣社会(常有)犯罪时间(对应)空间权利(对应)义务

12、环境(影响)健康就业(带来)竞争文化(繁荣)人口,例子What electives to choose,就业（employment)In order to obtain an extra certificate for their job hunting after graduation 头脑（mind)Because they think more knowledge can ensure more chances of getting a good job.乐趣（fun)Others may have their choices made just for fun.They tend to

13、 hold the idea that college life could be more colorful if.,段落的组织-“强骨”,三段式（内容依提纲所提示）段落内部的三类句子：主题句+支持局+扩展句,如何布局三类句子：主题句+支持局+扩展句,一个主题句+三个分论点（三个分论点各带有自己的支持句）,Example 1 Para.1,Nowadays,students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study.This phenomenon greatly influe

14、nces students writing and brings on worries among teachers.,Para.2,There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon.First,exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to spelling.Second,some teachers should also be responsible for it because they dont emphasize the i

15、mportance of spelling during teaching.Last but not least,some students are too lazy to recite words.,Since spelling is one of the most important aspects in English study,due attention should be given to it.As for me,I think,first,exams should be modified to add some factors into it,which would help

16、students pay more attention to spelling.Then,schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance.Finally,for students themselves,they can,through other ways,make them be interested in word spelling.Only by these can we surly realize the imp

17、ortance of spelling and make improvement.,一个主题句+两个分论点（两个个分论点各带有自己的支持句）,Example 2 Para.1,Correct spelling is a basic skill in English study.However,nowadays many students do not pay much attention to it.basic:fundermentalhowever:nevertheless,nonethelesspay attention to:attach importance to,Para.2,The

18、y have their own reasons for misspelling.First of all,they like an easy way of studying,which causes some omissions and changes in spelling.Second,the teachers might not be very strict in students spelling.In China,teachers seem to be more concerned with grammar and vocabulary but not spelling.There

19、 are various reasons accounting for this,Para.3,To change this situation,in my opinion,the teachers and the students should work together.On one hand,the teachers should give more attention to students spelling,asking the students to be conscious of the importance of correct spelling from the very b

20、eginning of their English study.On the other hand,the students themselves are supposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study.,To sum up,correct spelling is so important that both students and the teachers should spare no efforts to achieve correct spelling.,通脉,三类句子的窜连明确的指路词fir

21、st、second和thirdon the one hand、on the other hand 或for one thing、for anotherto begin with，moreover，whats the most important in the first place，in the second place，last but not least,通脉-还要给力,用好连接词-“启、承、转、合”,“启、承、转、合”关联词,（一）有关“启”的常用词语用于引导主题句，或用于主题句的后面，引导第一扩展句。first(ly)第一 at first 最初 first of all 首先，第一i

22、n the beginning 起初 in the first place 首先，第一 to begin with 首先，第一 to start with 首先，第一for one thing首先(常与 for another 连用)lately 最近 currently 目前 recently in general 一般来说 generally speaking 一般地说,有关“承”的常用词语用于承接主题句或第一个（或前一个）扩展句。second(ly)第二，第二点 in other words 换句话说third(ly)第三，第三点 in particular 特别，尤其also/too

23、并且，又，也 in the same way 同样地besided(this)此外 moreover/in addition,furthermore 而且，此外 what is more 而且，此外 for another 其次 similarly 同样地for example 例如 for instance 例如equally important 同样重要地 meanwhile 与此同时as an example 例如 as another example 再如 namely 即，就是 consequently 结果for this purpose 为此,（三）有关“转”的常用词语用来表示不

24、同或相反的情况。after all 毕竟 on the contrary 相反地but 但是 in contrat 相比之下yet 仍，然而 unlike 与不同however 然而 whereas 然而nevertheless 尽管如此 on the other hand 另一方面conversely 虽然 unfortunately 不幸地though 尽管 still 仍然although 尽管 in fact 事实上in spite of sth 尽管 as a matter of fact 事实上,（四）有关“合”的常用词语用于小结段落中上文的内容，引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示

25、段落结束。finally 最后 as has been noted 如前所述hence 因此 as I have said 如我所述in brief 简言之 at last 终于，最后in conclusion 总之 at length 最后，终于in short 简言之 by and large 一般来说in sumary 摘要地说 consequently 因此therefore 因此 eventually 最终thus 因此 accordingly 于是to sum up 总而言之 indeed 的确to conclude 总而言之 surely 无疑to summarize 总而言之

26、no doubt 毫无疑问briefly 简单地说 undoubtedly 无疑above all 最重要的是 truly 的确,语法错误的避免-“排毒”,名词：可数名词一定不能光头光脚。注意单复数等基本问题谓语动词：时刻注意“与时俱进”，任何时候用动词都要想清楚时态的使用，分词（现在或过去分词）虚拟语气的动词使用也要格外注意句子结构方面：一定要注意句子结构完整性，一个句子只能有一个动词注意关系代词和副词的正确使用：非谓语动词使用时注意主被动关系修饰关系：动词和形容词一定要用副词修饰,不一致（disagreements）：不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致,时态不一致及代词不一致等例：Wh

27、en one have money,he can do what he want to 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)常表现为：形容词当副词用；名词当动词用，动词当名词用等,4种高分句型-养颜,第一种句式：状语提前-把一个由副词、介词、现在分词或动词不定式形成的小短语放在句首。In spite of this,the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children can not be denied.Not surprisingly,students who are under great stres

28、s in their studies may suffer from mental problems or even commit crimes.,Most importantly,the government should make sure that citizens can improve their lives.To solve the problem of traffic jams,the government should encourage people to take the subway.,第二种句式：倒装句 Only in this way can this issue b

29、e effectively solved.On no account/by no means/under no circustances can we lose sight of the significance of education.,第三种句式：强调句1.It is the traditions in China that attract many foreign tourists.2.It is through competition that children can learn the meaning of courage,第四种句式：虚拟语气It is high time we

30、 take initiative to.,词汇的升级很多年轻人认为提高英语水平是重要的。many:young men:think:important:,模板-补气,1.什么人需要模版2.使写作确实是走了捷径3.模板协助理清思路的走向，逻辑的发展，起到聚精凝神的作用4.局限：反过来就像一条绳索勒着，束缚了自由,范文-补气,好的范文就是个好的老师,修改-补气,1是否使用了正确的语法结构，比方说，动词时态一致、主谓一致、用词准确、词性（尤其是名词、动词、形容词）、名词单复数、冠词错误和介词错误等2.句式是否有变化（如各种从句的使用、分词结构等）3使用了一定的词汇量（如用同义词或词组来避免过多的重复）

31、4单词拼写没有错误。,5.每一段话都紧扣文章的主题。6每段的主题句中都表明了这个段落的中心思想，所有扩展句都紧扣主题7每一分论点都得到充分的支持和展开。8使用了过渡性词语，因而句子之间和段落之间都有逻辑性和条理性。9.提供了足够的细节、例子或论据,背诵-补气,可分为以下5个层次：（1）精彩词汇，（2）精彩句型，（3）精彩句子，（4）万能框架，（5）经典范文。背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容,写作背诵5篇佳作每周写2篇练笔背诵经典句型掌握升级词汇,佳句推荐-再给力,一句否定句There is no denying（no doubt）that+S+V.（不可否认的.）例句：There is no

32、 denying that the practicality of our higher education has gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们高等教育的实用性已经每况愈下,一句众所周知It is universally acknowledged that+句子（全世界都知道.）例句：It is universally acknowledged that it is the doctors duty and obligation to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.全世界都知道救死扶伤是医生的天职,一句优点是An

33、 advantage of is that+句子（.的优点是.）例句：An advantage of childrens participating in some paid work is that this practice can cultivate their independence,self-determination and sense of responsibility.孩子参加有偿劳动的一个优点是这种实践可以培养小孩的独立性、自主性和责任感,一句原因是The reason why+句子 is that+句子（.的原因是.）例句：The reason why a large n

34、umber of customs have altered a great deal is that most of them are connected with some superstitious beliefs,and they cannot fit in this world with highly-developed technology.多数旧风俗习惯都产生了巨大的改变的原因是它们大多与封建迷信有关，与现代社会格格不入,一句通过方法（凭借手段）by means of+Ving,can（借着.，.能够.）例句：By means of putting the responsibili

35、ty into the governments hand,citizens can enjoy a higher level of assurance in quality.借着将这种职责放在政府手中，市民在质量上能够享有更高程度的保障,一句是时候干什么It is time+S+过去式（该是.的时候了）例句：It is time we evaluated the roles that modern technology plays in our life from more balanced and objective perspectives.该是我们从更加公正和客观的角度来评价现代科技在我

36、们的生活中所发挥的作用的时候了,一句绝对不能On no account can we+V（我们绝对不能.）例句：On no account can we ignore the significance of education.我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。by no means=by no means=in no way=on no account 一点也不,一句明显的It is apparent that+句子（显然的）It is now manifest that+句子 例句：It is apparent that with the rapid development in societ

37、y and economy,competition is becoming increasingly fierce and acute,一句值得的It pays to do（.是值得的。）或It is worthwhile to do sht例句：It pays to create a fair atmosphere in which both males and females cooperate and compete on an equal footing.创造一个让男女平等合作竞争的良好环境是值得的,一句与息息相关there is a clear link betweenandbe c

38、losely related to（与.息息相关）例句：Expanding population and influx of migrant workers are closely related to the problem.人口激增与外来民工大量涌入与交通问题息息相关,一句多亏有了什么Due to/Owing to/Thanks to+N/Ving,（因为.）例句：Thanks to coeducation system,benign competition and cooperation between male and female students are rightly encou

39、raged.由于男女共校的教育体制，异性同学间的良性竞争和友好合作精神得到了发扬,一句对。产生重大影响have(exert,impose)a great influence on（对.有很大的影响）例句：Quality of citizens has a great influence on a nations prosperity.国民的素质对于国家的繁荣有重大的影响,一句对。构成重大威胁pose a great threat to 例句：abortion poses a great threat to both womens physical and mental health,一句对有益

40、（有害）do good to（对.有益），do harm to（对.有害）be beneficial to，is detrimental to 例句：Reading does good to our minds.读书对心灵有益。Overwork is detrimental to health.工作过度对健康有害。,一句产生积极或负面影响句exert positive(grave side)effects on 一句发挥重要作用句play a vital role in一句就什么而言句when it comes to/in terms of 一句为了什么目的句for the sake of,一

41、句应该怎么句be supposed to/be well-advised to 一句重要的是句It is crucial that we take vigorous measures to tackle these problems,一句什么是错的句It would be erroneous if we fail to acknowledge that。一句做什么是困难的句It would be hard-pressed to imagine how much pleasure and excitement tourism can afford us一句常识告诉我们句Common sense

42、and our experience inform us that,一句什么是可能的句It is highly probable that 一句值得注意的是It is worth noting that一句好处超过坏处句Advantages created by far outweigh the disadvantages一句我坚信句I am convinced that,一句我支持什么观点句I strongly commit to the idea that 一句我的结论是句If we take a careful consideration,it is not difficult to g

43、et the conclusion一句很什么是很正常的It is not unusual that，it is commonplace that 一句没能做到什么句fail to do sth,预测作文,Social Practice of College Students1）各大学在假期都会组织学生参加各种社会实践活动2）这些活动给大学生带来了哪些好处3）参加社会实践活动应该注意些什么,Para.1,Nowadays many universities encourage and organize students to take part in social practice activi

44、ties.During the holidays,more and more students choose to be the volunteers,take part-time jobs,or take part in other practical activities alike.Its obvious that social practice is playing a more and more important role in Chinas college education.,Para.2,Undoubtedly,college students have benefited

45、a lot from social practice.Above all,they are provided with more opportunities to contact the real world outside the campus.Moreover,in social practice activities,students can apply their knowledge to the solution of the practical problems.So their practical skills are improved greatly.Besides,socia

46、l practice helps strengthen students sense of social responsibility.,Para.3,Considering the above-mentioned,I think,it is necessary for college students to participate in social practice.However,social practice may bring some problems.For example,some students spend so much time in taking part-time jobs that they may ignore their study.Therefore,we should try to balance the relationship between social practice and study.,2010大学英语四级作文预测30篇_百度文库考试大无忧考网四级考试网育路教育论坛,