名词与主谓一致.ppt

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1、英语语法,名词与主谓一致,指出下列句子中的名词 1.It takes two to make a quarrel.一个巴掌拍不响。,一、名词,【答案】quarrel,2.Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。,1,【答案】第2、3个trouble,3.Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。,【答案】Facts；words,1,表示人或事物(事件/行为)名称的词是名词。,观察各组单词的特点，指出其类别 1familyclassschool 2penmanbook 3ideacommunis

2、mstyle 4ricemilkwater 5 JohnChinaJapan,集合名词,个体名词,抽象名词,物质名词,专有名词,2,名词分为专有名词和普通名词；个体名词与集体名词；物质名词与抽象名词；可数名词与不可数名词。,1可以直接用数目来计算的名词是可数名词；不可以直接用数目来计算的名词是不可数名词。2一般而言，个体名词和集合名词是可数名词；抽象名词和物质名词是不可数名词。难点是有些名词根据词义的变化其性质也发生变化，如“success(成功)”是个抽象的概念，常用作不可数名词。但表示“成功的实例(人或物)”时，用作可数名词。另外，名词是否可数，不能完全根据汉语的思维来确定。,指出画线部分

3、单词的含义 1.Healthy diet should include vegetables.,【答案】(各种各样的)蔬菜,2.Its dangerous to cross waters around this island.,【答案】(很多的水体)水域,不可数名词一般无复数形式。偶有复数形式，用以表达种类的多，又如各种食物表达为“foods”；或表达数量的多，又如树林表达为“woods”(很多树)，沙地/滩/漠表达为“sands”(很多沙子)。,不可数名词前一般不能用不定冠词，但在物质名词个体化或抽象名词具体化的情况下，可以使用。如a coffee 意为“一杯咖啡”，此时coffee变成个体

4、名词；“He is a failure as a writer.”中的a failure意为“失败者”，此时failure具体化，由抽象名词变为个体名词。,完成下列句子根据汉语提示写出下列各个单词，注意使用名词后缀 1.马是有用的动物。_ is a useful animal./_ is a useful animal./_ are a useful animal.2.水对人类至关重要。_ is extremely important to man.,名词的泛指和特指怎么表达？,The horse,A horse,Horses,Water,3.你提到的那个人拿走了我昨天买的所有的书。_ you

5、 mentioned took away all the books I bought yesterday.4.这口井的水不能喝，里面有致癌矿物质。_ in this well isnt fit to drink,for it contains minerals causing cancer.,The man,The water,指出画线部分充当的句子成分1.Basketball is my favorite sports.2.What you need is confidence.3.His careless driving caused the accident.4.We elected

6、Mr.Li head of our school.5.This kind of flower is called carnation.6.Beijing,capital of China,is worth visiting.,名词在句子中充当什么成分？,(主语),(表语),(宾语),(宾补),(主补),(同位语),7.Id like to buy a coffee cup.8.The meeting lasted 8 days.,(定语),(状语),名词在句子中分别充当主语，宾语，表语，宾补，主补，同位语，定语或状语。,写出括号中动词的适当形式 1.I _(be)the ninth lette

7、r of the alphabet.I 是字母表中第9个字母。2.Both the touchmenot and the forgetmenot _(be)plants.含羞草和勿忘我都是植物。,二、主谓一致,is,are,3.Attitude _(decide)everything.态度决定一切。4.Opinions about whether to go into details about the issue _(vary)from person to person.关于是否深入问题的细节这个问题，观点因人而异。,decides,vary,能否将主谓一致理解为“主语是复数形式则谓语用复数

8、，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数”？翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词 1.书籍是人类的好朋友。,【答案】Books主 are谓 good friends to man,2.一个流浪汉躺在公园的长凳上，双手抖个不停。,【答案】A homeless man主 was lying on谓 the bench in the park,with both his hands trembling.,3.许多抽烟者把医生的忠告当耳边风。,【答案】Many a smoker主 turns a deaf ear to谓 the doctors advice.,4.当时一千英镑是一大笔钱。,【答案】One th

9、ousand pounds主 was谓 quite a big sum of money at that time.,5.羊主要吃草。,【答案】Sheep主 feed谓 on grass.,主语是复数形式，谓语不一定用复数(如例句4)；主语是单数形式谓语也不一定用单数(如例句5)。,“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。,主谓一致定义,观察每组句子中谓语动词单复数形式与主语的关系，

10、尝试找出其中的规律 1.(1)Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚。(2)Every dog has his day.人人皆有得意时。2.(1)The wounded need medicine and food.伤员们需要药品和食物。(2)The wounded is his cousin.那个伤员是他的表弟。,主谓一致有什么原则？,3.(1)Not only Beijing but also other cities in China have taken on a new look.不仅北京而且中国其他城市的面貌也焕然一新。(2)Not human

11、 resources but the system counts.不是人力资源而是制度起决定作用。4.(1)English as well as other languages has its own rules.同其他语言一样，英语也有其自身特点。,3,主谓一致原则有：1.语法一致原则。即主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式(如例句1)。2.意义一致原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语表达的实际意义决定。同样形式的主语含义不同时，谓语单复数形式有变化(如例句2)。,3,3.就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定(如例句3)。4.承前（就远）原

12、则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定(如例句4),4,完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式 1.Growing in the field _(be)green crops.What a beautiful scenery!2.There _(be)no reply from the company in charge up to now.3.His family _(be)very large.,are,has been,谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？,is,4.The doctor and teacher _(speak)good English thanks to having l

13、ived abroad for years.5.Growing vegetables _(need)constant watering.6.To be a pilot _(be)his dream.7.When he will be set free from the prison _(remain)a big problem.8.Neither the hostess nor her children _(like)hot food,so please dont add pepper.,speaks,is/was,needs,remains,like,9.Look!The mother ca

14、t with all her babies _(run)after a mouse.10.Since all _(be)ready and all of us _(be)here,lets begin our meeting.11.Each book and each dictionary here _(publish)by BNUP last year.12.Many a visitor _(have)such an experience so far.,is running,are,is,was published,has had,13.More than one person _(cha

15、rge)with theft the other day.14.Gone _(be)the days when teachers were looked down upon.,was charged,are,1谓语动词的单复数形式一般是根据主谓一致的原则来确定：主谓一致遵守的“就近原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：Neither A nor B/Either A or B/Whether A or B/Not only A but also B/A or B/Not A but B/There be A and B。谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词

16、B确定。,4,主谓一致遵守的“承前（就远）原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：A with B/A along with B/A together with B/A as well as B/A including B/A except/(but)B/A like B 谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词A确定。,all,some,the rest of分数/百分数等作主语，谓语动词的单复数根据实际意义确定。all指物，表示“一切”时，谓语用单数，指人时谓语用复数。集合名词作主语强调整体，谓语用单数。强调成员，谓语用复数。如：My family were

17、 watching TV when the electricity was cut off。There be 的主语在后面，谓语的单复数与主语一致。,2确定谓语动词的单复数形式还有以下几种情况：不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数形式。and连接的两个名词表达同一概念，谓语用单数形式。这类名词如 knife and fork(刀叉)；bread and butter(黄油面包),horse and cart(马车)等。动名词短语作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。不定式短语作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。,从句作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。当every A and every B/each A and each B

18、/no A and no B/many a A and many a B作主语时，谓语用单数。Many a 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。,One and a half 复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。进行时中的现在分词提前，主语在后，谓语单复数与主语一致。,1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bar

19、e Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe,高考链接,5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with

20、some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come7No one except my parents _ anything about this。Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere kille

21、d Cwill be killed Dare killed,10.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 11.A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered12.When and where to build the new factory _ y

22、et.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 13.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were14.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 15._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are,Goodbye,