副词及副词词组.ppt
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1、高中英语语法专讲,副词及副词词组 Adverb and Adverb Phrase,副词 的主要内容,副词的分类及位置副词的构成副词在句中的作用,副词的分类,一、时间副词1.“什么时候”的副词(when提问)now,then,soon,ago,recently(最近),lately,later,finally,before,early,today,tomorrow,yesterday,tonight,immediately(立刻),already,just,right away,since,at once.2.“经常与否”的频度副词(how often 提问)Always,often,usua
2、lly,frequently(频繁地),continually(不断地),sometimes,occasionally(偶尔),seldom(很少),hardly ever,never,3.时间副词在句中的位置(1)表确定时间的副词通常位于句末,有时也位于句首:He went home yesterday.Yesterday he went home.(2)而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon,recently,suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外,还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后):He went to Paris recently.He recen
3、tly went to Paris.Recently he went to Paris.,(3)still,already,just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后):Hes just left for school.他刚刚去学校。I have already finished my work.我已经做完了工作。当要表示强调时,still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前:She was still still was beautiful at the age of forty.她到了40岁仍然很美。I already have to
4、ld him about it.我已经把情况告诉他,1.Its eleven oclock _ and Im _sitting here and chatting with you.I havent prepared lunch for my son _.He will be back from school in half an hour.a.already,still,yet b.still,already,yet c.yet,still,already d.already,yet,still2.I really have no idea who you are.In spite of y
5、our explanation,I _ when and where we met before.A.still cannot remember B.cannot remember stillC.cannot still rememberD.can still not remember,二、地点副词,1.表示地点的副词Here,there,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,abroad,elsewhere2.表示方位的副词Above,below,down,up,out,on,across,back,al
6、ong,over,around,away,near,inside3.地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首,但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列,地点副词通常位于方式副词之后,时间副词之前:Can you help to carry this table upstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书,三、方式副词,1.方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式,一般用how 来提问。许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词carefully,happily,
7、quietly,heavily,warmly,correctly,politely,angrily,anxiously,badly,calmly,bravely,fluently,gratefully,suddenly,successfully,slowly,2.方式副词在句中的位置(1)方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后:He read the letter slowly.他从容不迫地看了那封信。方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间,除非动词后的宾语很长:不可说:We like very much it.(应改为We like it very much.)但可说:We could see ve
8、ry clearly a strange light ahead of us.注:若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构,方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前,也可位于“介词+宾语”之后,但是若该结构的宾语较长,则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前:He looked at me curiously./He looked curiously at me.He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane.,The plain clothes policemen _ who got off the plane.A.looked at suspicio
9、usly every passengerB.looked at suspiciously at every passengerC.suspiciously looked at every passengerD.looked at every passenger suspiciously,3.方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间:He quickly got dressed.他赶紧穿好衣服。He angrily tore up the letter.他很生气,把信撕碎了。4.有的方式副词(如bravely,cleverly,cruelly,foolishly,generou
10、sly,kindly,secretly,simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化:They secretly decided to leave the town.他们秘密决定离开这个城市。They decided to leave the town secretly.他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。He answered the questions foolishly.他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。He foolishly answered the questions.他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。,When we heard the bad news,we all looked _ a
11、t the master and felt quite _.A.sad,sad B.sadly,sadly C.sad,sadly D.sadly,sad,五、程度副词,1.程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度,常见的有 fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,awfully,deeply,partly,perfectly,really 等。2.程度副词的用法注意点(1)程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词,有的还可修饰比较级(如much,rather 等)和最高级:Houses are m
12、uch more expensive these days.如今的房价贵多了。,【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级,但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。(2)有的程度副词(如quite,rather,almost等)可修饰动词,但有的(如fairly,pretty,very等)则不能修饰动词:I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly,pretty,very)We rather like the film.我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly,pretty,very)(3)个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词
13、(注意词序):Its quite rather a good idea./Its a quite rather good idea.那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词,则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前:It was quite rather a success.那事相当成功,1.Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is _ city.A.so a beautiful B.very a beautifulC.such beautiful D.quite a beautiful2.If it is the best th
14、ing to do,it cannot be done _ soon.A.too B.enough C.much D.ever,六、连接副词,1.用于连接句子或从句的连接副词(可以和并列连词搭配使用,所引导的分句并非从句)。(1)表示列举和顺序的副词:First(ly),second(ly),third(ly);next,then,finally,last,lastlyThis project wont work:for a start,its a bad idea,and secondly,Itll cost too muchThey talked about it for hours.Fi
15、nally,they decided to go.(2)表示递减和引申的副词:Also,besides,furthermore,moreover,then,in addition,above allThe house is not big enough for us,and furthermore,it is too far from town.They ate a seven-course meal;besides,they drank three bottles of wine,Jim went to answer the phone._,Harry started to prepare
16、lunch.a.However b.Nevertheless c.Besides d.Meanwhile,(3)表示结果的连接性副词:Consequently,hence,so,therefore,thus,as a resultIt rained heavily for three days on end.Consequently,all the land here was under the water.He didnt work hard.Therefore,he failed to pass the final exam.(4)表示意义转折和让步的副词:Instead,on the c
17、ontrary,anyhow,anyway,however,though,after all,He takes no interest in studies;instead,he plays tennis all day.We all tried our best;however,we lost the game./We all tried our best.However,we lost the game.,2.引导分句的连接副词(名词性从句、状语从句).When,why,where,howWhy he left so abruptly is not known to any of us.H
18、ow the book will sell depends on its author.Wherever he once lived is well preserved.Nobody can tell when she will arrive.She asked me where I was off to.I wondered how he could make such rapid progress in his study.Where there is a will,there is a way.Where he happens to be,John can make himself at
19、 home.,1.Its not clear _ this story took place.a.where and when b.when and where c.how and why d.why and how2.I have no idea _ he has been.which b.where c.when d.that3.Go and get your coat.Its _ you left it.a.there b.where c.there where d.where there,七、关系副词,1.关系副词的特点关系副词用于引出定语从句,主要有when,where,why:Su
20、nday is the day when very few people go to work.Thats the reason why he dislikes me.Do you know a shop where I can find sandals(凉鞋)?【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句,且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when 表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因。2.使用关系副词的注意点(1)how 不能用作关系副词,不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way 后表示方式:他说话就是那个样子。误:This is the way how he spoke.正:This is
21、 how he spoke./This is the way(that,in which)he spoke.,(2)关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,但why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句,可用for which reason)。He didnt work hard,for which reason he didnt get the job.He will visit the small village where he used to work for five years.(3)引导定语从句时,when
22、的先行词为时间,where的先行词为地点,why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason),但是先行词在从句中作主语、宾语时,只能用关系代词 that,which.Dont forget the time(that)Ive told you.This is the house(that)he bought recently.Please tell me the reason(that)you know.,The day _ we had looked forward to came at last.That b.when c.while d.as2.The day will come _ w
23、e have been looking forward to visiting the Great Wall.a.that b.when c.while d.as,八、疑问副词,1.疑问副词的特点疑问副词有when,where,why,how 等,用于引出特殊疑问句:Where do you come from?你是哪里人?When will it be ready?这什么时候能准备好?Why was she crying?她刚才为什么哭?2.两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句:Where do you think he has gone?你认为他去什么地方了?Do you know when
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