世纪英国现实主义文学.ppt
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1、英国现实主义文学,19世纪,英国批判现实主义文学的特点,与宪章运动关系密切欧洲文学史上最早反映劳资矛盾的作品玛丽巴顿 艰难时世 雪莉典型的小资产阶级文学小资产阶级出身的作家反映小资产阶级的生活塑造小资产阶级个人奋斗的人物形象,女作家群体的出现盖斯凯尔夫人乔治 艾略特勃朗特姐妹,英国批判现实主义文学的特点,政治上的改良主义与道德上的温情主义反对暴力革命,主张社会改良;家庭中心与道德批判、道德感化。以幽默和讽刺见长以幽默表达对小人物的赞许与宽容(密考伯先生);以讽刺批判资产者的势利、冷酷与自私。,英国批判现实主义文学的特点,一派出色的小说家,马克思称狄更斯、萨克雷、夏洛蒂、盖斯凯尔夫人是“一派出色
2、的小说家”。,哥特式小说,哥特式小说是18世纪末在英国出现的一种凶杀 悬念小说。多以中世纪阴森神秘的城堡为背景,写因情恋 财产而引起的凶杀复仇,充满神秘 怪诞 恐怖和刺激,代表作有瓦尔蒲的奥特朗图堡和拉德克力芙的渥多尔弗的秘密。,哥特式小说 Gothic Novel,A type of romantic fiction that predominated in English literature in the last third of the 18th century and the first two decades of the 19th century,the setting for
3、 which was usually a ruined Gothic castle or abbey.The Gothic novel,or Gothic romance,emphasized mystery and horror and was filled with ghost-haunted rooms,underground passages,and secret stairways.,哥特式小说 Gothic Novel,The principal writers of the English Gothic romance were Horace Walpole,author of
4、The Castle of Otranto(1764);Ann Radcliffe,author of The Mysteries of Udolpho(1794);Matthew Gregory Lewis,author of Ambrosio,or the Monk(1796);Charles Robert Maturin,who wrote The Fatal Revenge(1807);and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,who wrote Frankenstein(1818).Charles Brockden Brown,the first America
5、n professional novelist,is best known for his Gothic romances.,哥特式小说 Gothic Novel,The term Gothic is also used to designate narrative prose or poetry of which the principal elements are violence,horror,and the supernatural.Many of the works of the late-20th-century American novelists Stephen King an
6、d Anne Rice demonstrate the continued influence and popularity of the Gothic form.(Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99),哥特式小说 Gothic Novel,The genre was one phase of the literary movement of romanticism in English literature and was also the forerunner of the modern mystery novel.Later American writer
7、s who used Gothic elements in their fiction include Henry James,William Faulkner,and Flannery OConnor.,十九世纪英国现实主义小说的先驱Jane Austen(1775-1817),奥斯汀(17751817),奥斯汀(17751817)是英国小说家,生于牧师家庭。她从小就对文学具有浓厚兴趣,一生笔耕不辍。主要成就是理智与感伤、傲慢与偏见、曼斯菲尔德庄园爱玛劝导和诺桑觉寺等6部小说。,奥斯汀(17751817),奥斯汀生活圈子狭小,但她善于以女性特有的细腻和敏锐来观察周围的人和事,描写有闲阶级恬静
8、舒适的田园生活以及绅士淑女的爱情和婚姻。代表作傲慢与偏见通过描写女主人公伊丽莎白和豪门子弟达西之间的爱情风波,强调感情对于婚姻的重要性。小说情节曲折,机智幽默,富有喜剧性。,奥斯汀的主要作品,Sense and Sensibility(1811)Pride and Prejudice(1813)Mansfield Park(1814)Emma(1816)Persuasion(1818)Northanger Abbey(1818),奥斯丁的小说,对当时有产阶级的生活,风俗习惯,社会心理都有生动反映。作品的重要主题,也是给人印象最深的,是关于少女婚姻和爱情问题的描写。对于没有财产的妇女的社会出路问
9、题,奥斯丁在小说中做了独特的喜剧性处理。班奈特太太的“毕生大志”奥斯丁作为小说家的“大志”,奥斯丁的小说,奥斯丁被公认为描写女性意识的卓越作家。奥斯丁的小说继承了英国18世纪小说中流行的关于少女走向生活的主题。奥斯丁偏重于描写少女成长中丢掉幻想错觉 认识现实 认识自己的过程。女主人公都是从盲目性走向自我认识的典型。,从小说世界回到现实世界;(玛丽安理智与感伤和加瑟琳诺桑觉寺);放下扮演的角色正视自己的心;(爱玛爱玛)克服盲目的偏见;(伊丽莎白傲慢与偏见)打破过分的谨慎才能获得幸福;(安艾略特劝导),奥斯丁的小说,傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice,Main charactersM
10、r.BENNET,Live in Hertfordshire;the estate was about 2,000 a year,and 5,000 was settled on his wife and children;m.Gardiner,daughter of a Meryton attorney,4,000.,Their children,Jane,22,m.Charles Bingley;Elizabeth,20,m.Fitzwilliam Darcy;Mary,obtained nothing higher than one of her uncle Philipss clerk
11、s;Catherine,satisfactorily married to a clergyman near Pemberley;Lydia,15-16,m.George Wickham.,Main characters,The Rev.William COLLINSRector of Hunsford in Kent;cousinand heir to Mr.Bennet;25;at one of the Universities;m.Charlotte Lucas.,萨克雷(18111863),William Makepeace Thackeray(1811-1863)Thackeray
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