风险评价教学1ENGLISH1.ppt
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1、,Managing Safety and Health Risk-Objectives,To ensure that:,The hazards inherent in the operations have been systematically identified and assessed and are fully understood at the appropriate levels in the organisation,Arrangements are in place to control these hazards and to deal with the consequen
2、ces should the need arise,The necessary information,training,auditing and improvement process are in place,HSE Risk-Definition,Risk=Consequence resulting from the release of a hazard x Probability of the occurrence of that event,Identify,Are people exposed to harm resulting from the companys operati
3、ons?,Assess,What are the causes,consequences&effects?How likely is the loss of control?What is the risk&is it ALARP?,Control,Can the causes be eliminated?What controls are needed&can they be effective?,Recover,Can the potential consequences&effects be mitigated?What are the recovery measures require
4、d?Are the recovery capabilities suitable&sufficient?,Effects of Safety and Health Hazards,Step 1-Hazard,Identify all HAZARDS,HAZARD-Definition,Hazard is defined as:,Anything that has the potential to cause harm,ill healthand injury,damage to property,products or the environment,production losses or
5、increase liabilities,Hazard,At workplace categorized:Physical,Chemical,Biological&Physcosocial,Hazard-examples,Hydrocarbon under pressure Smoke Toxic material Volatile fluids in tanks,Chemical,Moving road tankers/vehicles Elevated objects Noise People working at heights High voltage,Physical,Hazard-
6、examples,Toxicological lab(catering facility at distant work station),Biological,Working outside the country without family members.,Physcosocial,Step 2-Top Event,List Top Events or Incidents which willresult when hazards are released and relate them to the hazards identified,Top Event-definition,To
7、p Event is defined as:,The incident which occurs as a result of the hazardbeing released,Top Event-examples,Loss of containment Electrical shock Fall from heights Exposure to toxic material Exposure to radioactive material Effluent discharge into waterways Emissions of toxic gases,Step 3-Consequence
8、s,List consequences which result fromhazard being released,Consequence-definition,Consequence is defined as:,An event or chain of events that results from the hazardbeing released,Consequences-examples,Serious injury Death Latent illness or disease which has long gestation period Property damage-own
9、 or public Environmental damage Loss of reputation leading to loss in current and prospective business Loss of revenue-paying for compensation,medical expenses,production loss or deferment,Step 4-Hazard register,Compile a Hazards&Effects register listing Hazards,Top Event&Consequences,Hazard,Threats
10、,Barriers,TopEvent,RecoveryMeasures,InitialRisk,FinalRisk,RiskRating,RemedialAction Required,HAZARDS&EFFECTS REGISTER,Consequences,Step 5-Risk ranking,Using the Risk Matrix&brainstorming techniques rank the hazards and consequences based on the probabilities of the Top Event occurring,RISK MATRIX,Ra
11、nking Risk Probability,Hazard,Threats,Barriers,TopEvent,RecoveryMeasures,InitialRisk,FinalRisk,RiskRating,RemedialAction Required,HAZARDS&EFFECTS REGISTER,Consequences,Harm to people,Consequence-definition,Consequence-definition,Damage to Asset,Consequence-definition,Effect on the Environment,Conseq
12、uence-definition,Impact on Reputation,Step 6-Threats,For all hazards and consequences which have beenranked as HIGH risks,identify all threats or causeswhich can release the hazard to become a top event,Threat-definition,Threat is defined as:,A possible cause that will release the hazard to become a
13、 top event-includes thermal,biological,electrical,chemical,kinetic,climatic,radiation or human factors,Threat-examples,High temperature Corrosion Bacteria Overpressure Erosion High voltage Ultraviolet radiation Environmental conditions Human incompetence Design/process unknowns,Step 7-Barriers,Deter
14、mine Barriers for each threat,Barrier-definition,A Barrier is defined as:,A measure which is put in to prevent the release of a hazard or toprevent the occurrence of a top event once the hazard is released-barriers may be physical or non-physical,Barrier-examples,Guards or protective shields e.g.pro
15、tective coatings,corrosion inhibitors,machine guards,fencing etc.Pressure/safety relief valves High temperature cut-off switches Correct/valid operating procedures Time delays in processes Lowering speeds of equipment Carrying maintenance when it is due Reducing congestion in operating areas,Step 8-
16、Recovery Measures,Determine the Recovery Measures to reduce theimpact of the Consequences due to the occurrenceof the Top Event,Recovery Measures,Recovery Measures-examples,Gas,fire&smoke alarms Emergency Shutdown systems Firewater deluge systems Fire and blast walls Emergency Response plans,trainin
17、g&drills Business Resumption Plans,Step 9-Escalation factors,Identify Escalation Factors which will reduce theeffectiveness or operation of the barriers or recovery measures and implement additional measures to compensate for these factors,Escalation Factors-definition,Escalation Factors are defined
18、 as:,Conditions that lead to increased risk due to loss of barriers or lossof recovery measures especially life saving or mitigating capabilities,Escalation Controls-Examples,Abnormal operating condition e.g critical standby equipment is under maintenance during an emergency Plant operating outside
19、the design envelope Extreme environmental conditions-may not allowthe activation of planned recovery measures Incorrect operation of the plant due to unavailabilityof updated operating procedures Human error due to lack of competence or ineffectivetraining,Use the ALARP principle totest whether the
20、controlsare sufficient,AS LOW AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE,Step 10,Complete the Hazard Analysisand the Hazards&Effects Register,Full hazard analysis,Hazard,Threats,Barriers,TopEvent,RecoveryMeasures,InitialRisk,FinalRisk,RiskRating,RemedialAction Required,HAZARDS&EFFECTS REGISTER,C5D4,5E3,4,5,X,X,Conse
21、quences,X,X,X,C5D4,5E3,4,5,X,X,X,X,X,X,X,X,X,Completed Hazards&Effects Register,Step 11,Link Barriers and Recovery Measure controls to HSE Critical Activitieswhich are part of Business Activities,HSE Critical Activities,HSE Critical Activities are the activities that requireto be carried out to ensu
22、re the effectiveness andcorrect operation of the Barriers and Recovery Measuresat all timesThese activities are broken down into tasksFor all these tasks,standards have to be specified andclear&valid procedures should be availableCompetency requirements for the staff to carry out thetask and also fo
23、r the supervisors should be made clear.Where there are gaps,they should be sent for training,Step 10,Activity,Hydrocarbon liquid underpressure in tanks,Task,Barrier,Threat,Hazard,External corrosion,External coating oftanks,Maintain tanks,Execute maintenance,InputMaint.proceduresMaint.StrategyFailure
24、 record,OutputTank repairreport,Performance criteriaTrend on corrosion oftank,Responsible party,Competence,Maint.Mgr.,Technician,Example on Barrier,10 yrs maint exp.3 yrs operations exp.,5 yrs experienceTech.training,Activity Hazard relationship,Activity,Hydrocarbon liquid underpressure in tanks,Tas
25、k,Recovery Measure,Consequence,Hazard,Oil spill,Emergency Responseplan,ERP drill,HSE support activity,InputGovt.RegulationsERP/Oil spill responseplan,OutputEmergency Drill report,Performance criteriaTrend in emergency response,Responsible party,Competence,HSE Mgr.,HSE Technician,Example onRecovery M
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