句子成分和句子种类.ppt

《句子成分和句子种类.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《句子成分和句子种类.ppt（33页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、句子成分,句子是一个语言单位，表示一个完整独立的意思。它是由不同成分构成的，一般分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等七种成分。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。,主在前、谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连。宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。,【考点扫描】,（一）命题趋势 在中考中，虽然没有将句子成分的划分作为一种题型去考查，但是了解句子的各个组成部分，会有利于同学们对英语句子的理解，正确使用英语句子，从而提高每个题目的得分率。（二）突破方法1、掌握主语谓语之间人称和数的一致。2、区分双宾语和复合宾语。3、了解英语句子成分

2、与汉语的不同，在 英语书面表达中，写出标准的句子。,【知识清单之一】,、带两个宾语的动词有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell 等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。,My father bought me a digital camera.间接宾语 直接宾语,2、接to的动词有：give,bring,pass,lend,sell,send,show,tell,write等。,Give the letter to your mother.把信给你的母亲。,直接宾语 间接宾语,Give your mother the letter.,接for的动词有：buy,find,c

3、ook,draw,get,sing等。,Can you find me my bag?,Can you find my bag for me?你能帮我找我的包吗？,直接宾语 间接宾语,这正是：人前物后看清楚，换位要加for或to。,3、常跟宾语补足语的动词有：make,consider,see,find,call,get,have,let,hear,ask,keep等。,They decided to call the baby Linda.,宾语 宾补,We found the little girl in the hill.,宾语 宾补,【知识清单之二】,主谓语一致三原则,、语法一致、意义

4、一致、邻近原则,【趁热打铁练一练】,1.Both Kate and I _ ready for the picnic now.A.is not B.is getting C.are getting D.am getting2._ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred._ of them are women workers.A.The number;First third B.The number;One third C.A number;Half D.A number;Three quarters3.A boy with two

5、 dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city.A.were sleeping B.is asleep C.was sleeping D.are asleep4.There _ two pictures and a map of China on the wall.A.are B.has C.have D.is,5.Neither he nor I _ going to the park.A.be B.is C.are D.am6.A lot of food _ to that country after the war was over.A.was s

6、ent B.are sent C.is sending D.sent7.Neither of the two brothers _ with their parents.A.live B.are living C.like to live D.lives8.The children each _ a computer in class.A.have B.has C.there is D.there are9.Doing eye exercises _ good for your health.A.are B.is C.have D.has10.Li Mings family _ a large

7、 one.Now the whole family _ watching TV.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are,句子种类,句子可以从两种角度来分类：（一）根据句子的用途来分类，英语的句子有下列 几种：1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句（二）根据句子的结构来分类，英语的句子可分为 以下几种：1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句,【考点扫描】,（一）命题趋势 中考侧重考查学生的综合运用能力，对陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的考查在近五年的中考测试中屡见不鲜，特别是反意疑问句和祈使句在具体语境中的灵活运用尤为突出。他们主要以单项选择、句型转换等形式出

8、现。,（二）突破方法1、掌握陈述句的肯定式、否定式和除no,not以外的 表示否定意义的词。2、注意疑问词的意思和用法，重点掌握反意疑问句。3、掌握否定祈使句，let开头的祈使句，加强语气的 祈使句。4、掌握what和how引导的感叹句和一些特殊形式。,【知识清单】,初中生需要掌握的句子种类,肯定句、陈述句否定句,一般疑问句、疑问句选择疑问句特殊疑问句 反意疑问句,、祈使句,、感叹句,边做边看,1.肯定句变为一般疑问句及否定句a.变为一般疑问句时，系动词be、助动词或 情态动词置于主语之前。例1 He was so clever._ _ so clever?例2 John felt happy

9、 at that time._ John _ happy at that time?例3 We can fly to the moon one day._ _ fly to the moon one day?,Was,he,Did,feel,Can,you,b.变为否定句时，系动词、助动词或情态 动词后加not。例1 The twins were happy to see their uncle.The twins _ _ to see their uncle.例2 Mr.Smith works hard every day.Mr.Smith _ _ hard every day.例3 The

10、 doctor could help that man.The doctor _ _ that man.,werent,happy,doesnt,work,couldnt,help,c.如果肯定句中含有some,and,a lot of/lots of,already,too/also,bothand,always,everything/everyone/everybody等词(组)，要变为any,or,much/many,yet,either,neithernor,nothing/nobody,never。例1 They had lots of friends in China.They _

11、 have _ friends in China.例2 I could dance and sing when I was five years old.I _ dance _ sing when I was five years old.,didnt,many,couldnt,or,d.否定前移例 He can make a model plane,I think.(否定句)I _ think he _ make a model plane.e.一些特殊结构，变否定句时，在动词（词组）后直接加not。例1 Mother told me to go to bed early last nigh

12、t.Mother told me _ _ go to bed early last night.例2 Lets play basketball on the playground Lets _ _ basketball on the playground.另外，还有ask sb.(not)to do sth，Will you please(not)do sth，had better(not)do sth，try(not)to do sth,decide(not)to do sth等。,dont,can,not,to,not,play,2.对划线部分提问 对划线部分提问是根据划线的内容提出一个特

13、殊疑问句。即:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。a.如划线部分是定语，它所修饰的词要跟随特殊疑问 词移至句前。例1 This is Kates hat._ _ is this?例2 The man in the car is my fathers friend._ _ is _ fathers friend?,Whose,hat,Which,man,your,c.常见疑问词(组)：what,what+名词(如:what colour,what grade等),when,why,where，who(whom),which,whose,how,how+形容词/副词(如:how long,how far,

14、how often,how soon等)。要注意以上各种疑问词(组)的用法。,b.划线部分如是谓语动词，应该用do的形式来取代。例1 They are looking for the boy in the city._ are they _ in the city?例2 Ann flew to Beijing last year.What _ Ann _ last year?,What,doing,did,do,祈使句,表示请求或命令的句子。其主语常是you，但一般不需讲出来。,、肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头。如：Give me a pen,please.Be quiet,please.,、

15、否定形式的祈使句在动词原形之前加not。如：Dont play with fire.,、“L”结构使役句。Let(第一、三人称)宾语动词原形其他成分其否定形式是：Let sb.not 动词原形其他成分如：Let him have a try.Lets not sit under the tree.,反意疑问句,、结构：陈述部分提问部分,如：Tom cant swim,can he?Your sister didnt like to dance,did she?You and I did it together,didnt we?,、基本原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。前后人称、数和时态要一致，疑问部

16、分要用代词。事实回答用Yes,非事实回答用No。,考点点拨,、各种祈使句的反意疑问句的后半句都用will you，但Lets句用shall we。、注意一些特殊词，如：little，few，no，nothing，never，hardly等出现时，前半句表示否定的概念，后半句应用肯定形式。、若陈述句部分是主从复合句，主句的主语是第一人称 I/we，其谓语动词又是think,believe,suppose等，疑问部分的主语一般与从句的主语一致。（应特别注意否定的转移）,例1 Class 3 were the winners in the race,_ _?例2The man couldnt cli

17、mb up the tree,_ _?例3 There is little water in the bottle,_ _?例4Dont tell him the bad news,_ _?例5 Lets stop to have a rest,_ _?例6 Little Mary is unhappy today,_ _?例7 We dont think you are right,_ _?另外，注意以下句子：I am a student,_ _?What a kind girl,_ _?How fast the boy runs,_ _?,werent,they,could,he,is,t

18、here,will,you,shall,we,you,are,isnt,she,arent,I,isnt,she,doesnt,he,感叹句,感叹句往往由what和how引导。至于what和how的区别则是再好辨别不过了。跟我背一背下面的顺口溜，感叹句你就不再陌生了。感叹句用法很简单,How和What放句前,How与形、副词类连,What后面名词添.主语谓语不用变,省掉它们也常见.,以全国各地历届中考试题为例，将感叹句分为六种句型：,句型：Whata以辅音开头的形容词单数可数名词主语谓语！,_ a nice watch it is!(山东)A.How B.What C.What a D.How

19、 a,B,句型：Whatan以元音开头的形容词单数可数名词主语谓语！,_ interesting book(it is)!(新疆)A.How B.What C.How a D.What an,D,句型：What形容词复数可数名词主语谓语！,_ bright girls they are!(浙江)A.What B.What a C.How D.How a,A,句型：What形容词不可数名词主语谓语！,“_ bad weather!”“Yes,but its going to be fine soon,I think.”A.How B.What a C.What an D.What(福建),D,句

20、型：How形容词主语谓语！,_ interesting the film is!A.What B.What an C.How(湖北),C,句型：How副词主语谓语！,The children are working hard.(改为感叹句)(北京)_ hard the children are working!,How,例1The twins study Chinese very hard._ _ the twins study Chinese!例2The weather was rather bad yesterday._ _ _ it was yesterday!例3The flowers

21、 are beautiful._ _ _ they are!_ _ _ flowers are!,在陈述句改为感叹句时，要增加句子成分，感叹词what和how分别为按句子的要求而增加的定语或状语，句子其他成分不变。,How,hard,What,bad,weather,What,beautiful,flowers,How,beautiful,the,特殊句型,There be句型,口诀：There be句型有特点，主语跟在be后边；单数 is 复数 are，注意 be 的两变化。否定句 be 后 not 加，疑问句 be 在 there 前。介词短语表地点，“有”表“存在”记心间。,如：Ther

22、e is a picture on the wall.There are some apples on the tree.-Is there any milk in that glass?-Yes,there is./No,there isnt(any).,There be结构的特殊疑问句有以下两种形式,就There be结构中作主语的名词提问，无论主语是单数、复数形式，习惯用法是“Whats某地”，中间通常不用there，例如：There is a bike under the tree.,Whats under the tree?,There are many books on the d

23、esk.,Whats on the desk?,就There be结构中表示数量的词提问，习惯用法是 How many名词(复数)are there介词短语？或 How much 不可数名词is there介词短语？例如：,There is only a teacher in the classroom.,How many teachers are there in the classroom?,【考点扫描】（一）命题趋势 并列句是历年中考的重点测试内容，也是中考必考题。主要以句型转换、单项选择的形式出现，还有一部分放在完形填空中进行考查。（二）突破方法1、了解并列句的构成，掌握常见并列连词的

24、用法。2、重点掌握not onlybut also,neithernor,eitheror,while,when等并列连词。,并列句,由并列连词把两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。,【知识清单】,并列句的结构：简单句并列词简单句。,并列句的考查重点是并列连词。,Id like to go shopping with you,_ Im too busy today.A.but B.and C.so D.or2.Look left and right before you cross the road,_ you may be hit by a car.A.so B.and C.or D.but

25、3.Little Kate went to school _ it snowed heavily yesterday.A.if B.though C.because D.since4._ we are very young,_ we can speak English well.A.Though,but B.Because,so C.Though,/D.Because,/,练一练,1.I can mend the bike.Li Lei can,too.I can mend the bike,and _ _ Li Lei.2.If you dont work hard,you will fai

26、l.Work hard,_ you will fail.,同义句转换,so can,or,一起来做中考题,1.Miss Zheng will never forget her first visit to Canada,_?A.will she B.wont she C.isnt she D.wasnt she(04济南)2.-_I have to show the school report to my parents,Miss King?-Yes,you do.A.Must B.Do C.Can D.May(05济南)3.-_will the foreign students be bac

27、k from Qufu?-In two days,I think.A.How soon B.How often C.How far D.How fast(05济南)4.He _say _.A.dont,something B.didnt,anything C.doesnt,something D.dont,anything(05济南)5._Mrs Smith is!A.How kind woman B.What a kind woman C.What kind woman D.How a kind woman(06济南),A,B,A,B,B,6.Your brother has washed

28、all the clothes by himself,_?A.is he B.does he C.doesnt he D.hasnt he(06济南)7.Its raining heavily _ the farmers keep on working in the field.A.but B.though C.till D.because(05济南)8.She often helps her mother with the housework.(改为否定句)She _ _ her mother with the housework often.(04济南)9.Allan goes to th

29、e library every Monday.(改为一般疑问句)_ Allan _ to the library every Monday?(05济南)10.The little boys played football on the playground yesterday.(就划线部分提问)_ _ the little boys _ football yesterday?(05济南)11.Lets go to the English corner,shall we?(改写句子，句意不变)_ _ going to the English corner?(05济南)12.Liu Dong hasnt been abroad.Cheng Lei hasnt,either.(改写句子，句意不变)_ Liu Dong _ Cheng Lei _ been abroad.(06济南),D,A,doesnt help,Does,go,Where did,play,What about,Neither,nor,has,