009年传染病流行病学.ppt
《009年传染病流行病学.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《009年传染病流行病学.ppt(110页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、2023/6/24,1,第十二章 传染病流行病学,Epidemiology of Infectious Disease,流行病学教研室 谢娟,2023/6/24,2,Communicable Disease Infectious Disease,2023/6/24,3,教学内容,2023/6/24,4,History and Status quo of infectious disease,2023/6/24,5,History Retrospection,The plague,which took place in Europe in 14 century,caused death of 2
2、0 million people,accounting for 1/4 total population of Europe.The smallpox,which took place in Europe of 1718 century,resulted in death of 150 million people.,2023/6/24,6,History Retrospection,The outbreak of“Spanish flu”in 1918 caused death of 40 million people all over the world.,2023/6/24,7,Hist
3、ory Retrospection,In 1674,Mr.Leeuwenhoek observed microorganisms by homemade microscope.It was the first time that human set eyes on microorganisms.,2023/6/24,8,History Retrospection,In 1796,Edward Jenner,An English country doctor,inoculated cowpox vaccinia for a 8 years old boy,cowpox vaccinia was
4、invented since that and human are immune from smallpox.,2023/6/24,9,History Retrospection,In 1882,Koch,a German bacteriologist discovered tubercle bacillus.Pasteur and Koch established the base of microbiology together.,Robert Koch,Nobel prize winner of physiology and medicine,1905,2023/6/24,10,Hist
5、ory Retrospection,In 1928,Fleming,a doctor from Scotland,discovered penicillin,since then a new age-antibiotics age was initiated.,Sir Alexander Fleming,Nobel prize winner of physiology and medicine,1945,2023/6/24,11,Human has gained proud achievements in controlling and preventing infectious diseas
6、es.,2023/6/24,12,History Retrospection,WHO declared that smallpox had been eliminated all over the world since 28,May,1980.Smallpox is the first infectious disease exterminated by human through vaccination.In 1988,WHO brought forward to eliminate poliomyelitis on 31-12-2000(postponed to 2005).,2023/
7、6/24,13,2023/6/24,14,2023/6/24,15,城市、农村居民主要疾病死因构成,2023/6/24,16,Status quo,WHO Report,1995:52 million people died in the world,32.7%of which,about 17 million people died of infectious diseases。,2023/6/24,17,Global Causes of Death,2005,2023/6/24,18,Status quo,In developing countries,about half of the
8、dead persons are due to infectious diseases.Each hour,about 1500 people die of infectious diseases,most of cases occur in developing countries.,2023/6/24,19,Status quo,At present,the threat of infectious diseases is still not disappeared.re-emerging infectious diseasesemerging infectious diseases,20
9、23/6/24,20,Re-emerging infectious diseases,Tuberculosis(TB)Viral hepatitis Sexually transmitted disease(STD)Rabies,2023/6/24,21,TB,Each year,nearly 2 million people die of TB.Each year,78 millions are infected with TB.Every day,5000 people die of TB.98%of TB deaths are in the developing world affect
10、ing mostly young adults in their most productive years.If left unchecked,within 20 years TB will kill a further 35 million people.,2023/6/24,22,TB,in China,Each year,1.40 millions suffer from TB.Each week,nearly 3000 people die of TB.Infection rate of TB is 44.5%in China.,Global Tuberculosis Control
11、 2009,2023/6/24,23,24 March is world TB day世界防治结核病日历年主题,2007年主题:结核流行广泛,控制从我做起 2008年主题:控制结核,人人有责。2009年主题:关注农民工,共享健康,2023/6/24,24,New Infectious Diseases are Emerging Unceasingly,According to the reports issued by WHO,more than 30 new infectious diseases were discovered in recent 30 years,which are ca
12、lled“emerging infectious diseases”.,2023/6/24,25,2023/6/24,26,2023/6/24,27,HIV,2023/6/24,28,HIV,The highest HIV prevalent countries are 16 Sub-Sahara desert countries of Africa,where the HIV infection rate is about 10%.Most of the infected persons are under the age of 25 years.,2023/6/24,29,HIV,In A
13、sian,AIDS is spreading with surprising speed.At present,there are 7.4 millions HIV infected persons in Asia.There are about 5.1 millions HIV infected persons in India only less than South Africa.,2023/6/24,30,我国艾滋病流行状况估计,今天是第21个世界艾滋病日。昨天,卫生部通报,截至9月30日,我国累计报告艾滋病病例264302例,而据卫生部等单位对中国艾滋病疫情的估计,中国现存艾滋病病毒
14、感染者和病人约70万,这其中可能有44万人不知晓自己已经被感染。,2023/6/24,31,2023/6/24,32,SARS,16-11-2002,the first case was found in Foshan city,Guangdong province.28-02-2003,it was named by Dr.Urbani in Hanoi,Vietnam.15-03-2003,WHO issued global warning of SARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome).07-04-2003,WHO declared SARS cau
15、sed by a new coronavirus(SARS-CoV).,2023/6/24,33,SARS Cases Worldwide Reported to WHO as of June 6,2003,China(5329),Singapore(206),Hong Kong(1750),Vietnam(63),Canada(219),U.S.(68),Europe:8 countries(38),Thailand(8),Taiwan(676),Total:8404 cases;779 deaths(10%case fatality),Australia&NZ(6),SA(2),2023/
16、6/24,34,2023/6/24,35,BSE(bovine spongiform encephalopathy),variant Creutgfeldt-Jakob disease,vCJD Prion(proteinaceous infectious particle),Stanley B.Prusiner,1997 Nobel Laureate in Medicine,2023/6/24,36,2023/6/24,37,Influenza A evolution,2023/6/24,38,Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases of H5N
17、1 Reported to WHO,9 Dec 2008,2023/6/24,39,23 April 2009,2023/6/24,40,Swine influenza Influenza A(H1N1),2023/6/24,41,2023/6/24,42,2023/6/24,43,2023/6/24,44,1.潜伏期一般1至7天左右,较流感、禽流感潜伏期长。2.临床症状:人感染猪流感后的早期症状与普通人流感相似,包括发热、咳嗽、喉痛、身体疼痛、头痛、发冷和疲劳等,有些还会出现腹泻或呕吐、肌肉痛或疲倦、眼睛发红等。部分患者病情可迅速进展,来势凶猛、突然高热、体温超过39,甚至继发严重肺炎、急性
18、呼吸窘迫综合征、肺出血、胸腔积液、全血细胞减少、肾功能衰竭、败血症、休克及Reye综合征、呼吸衰竭及多器官损伤,导致死亡。3.体征:肺部体征常不明显,部分患者可闻及湿罗音或有肺部实变体征等。4.预后:人感染猪流感的预后与感染的病毒亚型有关,大多预后良好;而感染H1N1者预后较差,病死率约为6%。,2023/6/24,45,Whats Next?,2023/6/24,46,We can win battles,the campaign is likely to be never-ending.,We do not have all the answers right now,but we wil
19、l get them.,2023/6/24,47,第一节 传染病流行史简介,传染病的发病率和死亡率变迁 传染病的流行趋势 早已控制的传染病卷土重来;新发现的传染病不断出现。人类正面临传染病长期而严峻的挑战。,2023/6/24,48,第二节 传染病流行病学的基本原理和方法,传染病发生与传播的基本条件传染病的流行过程影响传染病流行过程的因素,2023/6/24,49,传染病,指由传染性病原体或它们的毒性产物所致的疾病。传染病的基本特征病原体比较单一有一定的传染性愈后可有一定的免疫力有流行病学特征,回顾,2023/6/24,50,传染病流行病学,研究传染病在人群中发生、流行过程及影响流行过程的因素
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 009 传染病 流行病学
链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-5312484.html