英语国家社会与文化入门PPT(unit1-2).ppt

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1、THE SOCIETY AND CULUTRE OF GREAT BRITAIN,Book One Third Edition Higher Education Press,Requirements of the course,Attendance 10%Class-room presentation 10%Quizs 20%Final exam Test(闭卷)60%,Contents,IntroductionHistory Political SystemIndustry and EconomyLiterature and CultureReligions and BeliefsEduca

2、tion,Unit 1A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom,Part I A brief Introduction to the United KingdomPart II EnglandPart III ScotlandPart IV Wales,where is it？,an island country by the sea.Northwest Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the

3、east.,Geographical Features 1.Geographical position of Britain:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea.It lies in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.2.The nort

4、h and west of Britain are mainly highlands；and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands.,Part one A brief Introduction tothe United Kingdom,A complicated name fora complicated country,I.Different Names for Britain and its Parts1.Geographical names:the British Isles Great Britain Englandthe United

5、Kingdom(UK),The British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding islesUK=Great Britain+Northern IrelandGreat Britain=England+Scotland+Wales,2.Official name:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland3.Other names:the British Empire(大不列颠帝国)British Commonwealth of

6、 Nations（英联邦国家）,A free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.It was founded in 1931,and has 50 member countries until 1991.,London(Dominant),Capital city,Largest cityLargest portLargest population(one seventh of the nations population)Financial and Commercial centre

7、Culture(host the Olympic Games in 1908,1948,2012),Political centre1.Westminster central government administrative area2.Palace of Westminster Houses of parliament(Big Ben)3.Westminster Abbey ancient church4.Whitehall(street),5.Downing street,the house of No.10 official residence of the Prime Minster

8、6.Buckingham palace royal residence of the Queen,Cultural center(host the Olympic Games in 1908,1948,2012)Tourism City,Complicated country,1.imperial country2.Commonwealth of Nations3.member of European Union4.a member of Group of Seven,5.multiracial6.a society with a class structure7.region differe

9、nce(just like China),IV.Climate 1.Britains favorable climateBritain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot.It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.The temperature varies within a small range.,3.Rainfall：Britain has a steady reliable rainfall t

10、hroughout the whole year.The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm.There is a water surplus in the north and west,and a water deficit in the south and east.,V.The People 1.population distribution and conposition：Total population:about 60 million unevenly distributedHighly urbanizedMutir

11、acial/Mutinational,2.The origins or ancestors of the people:Anglo-Saxons the English Celts the Scots,Welsh and Irish non-European ethnicity(Indian,Pakistan,Caribbean,etc.)immigrants,3.The character of the people：the English the ScotsRegional division the Welsh the Irish Anglo-Saxons Ethnical group C

12、elts,Common characteristics cautious adaptable conservative have strong national consciousness,The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people.They are music lovers and are proud of their past.The Scots are said to be a serious,cautious and thrifty people,and they are also hospitable,generous and friend

13、ly.The Irish are charm.,VI.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain:England,Scotland and Wales.(1)England is in the southern part of Great Britain.It is the largest,most populous section.(2)Wales is in the west of Great Britain.Capital:Cardiff,(3)Scotland is in the north of Great Bri

14、tain.It has three natural zones(the Highlands in the north；the Central lowlands；the south Uplands)Capital:Edinburgh(4)Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK.Capital:Belfast,England,In the southern part of Great BritainThe largest,most populous sectionAnglo-Saxons the English,A history of in

15、vasionsThe four major invasions in the history of Great Britain:England was occupied by Celtic people.1.in 43AD the Roman empire,Result:England and Wales became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.The Roman built many towns,road,baths,temples and buildings.They make good use of Britains

16、natural resources.They also brought the new religion,Christianity,to Britain.,2.The 5th century AD the Angle-SaxonResult:a.They either absorbed the Celtic peopleor push them to the western and northern edges of Britain.,b.Angle-Saxon invaders were called as the forefathers of the English and the fou

17、nders of England.,3.The late 8th century the Vikings and DanesResult divide between northerners and southerners in England which can be expressed as Saxon versus Dane.King Alfred the Great,He founded a strong fleet and is known as“the father of the British navy”.He reorganized the Saxon army,making

18、it more efficient.,4 1066 The Norman the important battle of Hastings Results:a.William the Conqueror took the English throne and became William the First of England.,b.Under his rule,the great castle,Tower of London was built.c.William replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government.So

19、 the feudal system was completely established in England.,Scotland,The second largest nationHave the most strong national confidenceTopography:the most rugged part three natural zones the Highland in the north,the central Lowlands,and the Southern Uplands.,Capital city:Edinburgh,a Germanic name,a fi

20、ne old cultural city known for its beauty,full of antiques,etc.The(third)largest city:Glasgow,famous as shipbuilding centreLanguage:English,GaelicPeoples:the Scots and the Picts,The history of invasionsa.Scotland was not conquered by the Romans.b.Most of Scotland wasnt conquered by Anglo-Saxons.c.In

21、 9th century the Vikings invaded Scotland.,Relationship between England and ScotlandAnglo-Scottish conflictClose ties:intermarriageTwo important battles1.The Battle of Bannockburn 300 Years of full independence,2.The Battle of Culloden the last battle on British soil,the Highland clan culture was ba

22、dly destroyed.,Politics:In 1707,Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and the Scottish parliament.,Rights:a.Elect parliament member and sent 72 representatives to londonb.have far more control over their own affairs than the WelshC.have no separate parliament,Party:The Labour PartyTh

23、e Scottish National PartyThe Conservative PartyCulture symbol:kilt/tartanFamous song:Auld Lang Syne by the Scotland poet Robert Burns,Shouldoldacquaintance be forgot,and never brought to mind?Shouldoldacquaintance be forgot,andoldlang syne?副歌:For auld lang syne,my dear,for auld lang syne,well take a

24、 cup of kindness yet,for auld lang syne.And surely youllbuyyour pintcup!and surely Illbuymine!And well take a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.副歌 Wetwo haverun about theslopes,andpickedthedaisiesfine;But weve wanderedmanya wearyfoot,sinceauld lang syne.副歌 Wetwo have paddledin thestream,frommorn

25、ing sun till dine;But seas between usbroad have roaredsinceauld lang syne.副歌 And theres a hand my trustyfriend!Andgive usa hand o thine!And welltakea rightgood-will draught,for auld lang syne.,WalesIn the west of Great Britain.The smallest nation on British mainland,larger than Northern Ireland Topo

26、graphy:PastureCapital:Cardiff(320,000 people),Language:English/Welsh(19%),Localism is deep-rooted.Economy:Traditional industry:Coal-mining,coal and steelNew industries by attracting investment,History of invasion:a.Wales was conquered by the Romans.b.Wales wasnt really conquered by Anglo-Saxons and

27、the Vikings.c.Wales was invaded by the Normans,Relationship with England a.Wales has been dominated by England for longer than the other nations.b.Wales was always under threat from England after the Norman conquest.,In 1536,Wales was brought legally,adminstratively,politically into the UK by an act

28、 of the British Parliament.Politics:Elect parliament member and sent 38 representatives to London,Party:The Nationalist Party PlaidCymru/The Party of WalesLegendary heroes of Welsh nationalism:Glyndwr and LlywelynCulture:The Land of Song,The Welsh keep their language and culture in this way:Througho

29、ut the year they have festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau(艺术年会).The great event of the year is the National Eisteddfod.On these occasions competitions are held in Welsh poetry,music,singing and art.,Northern IrelandOld name:Ulsterthe smallest in area and population Topography:

30、Low hills and lake district,rugged coastlines landmark:Giants Causeway Capital:Belfast(about 480 000 people,Titanic was built there),Culture and Figures(4th para.on Page 20)Industry:shipbuilding and aircraft manufactureEconomy:stagnant(why)Low crime and murder rate Low wealth per head Low living cos

31、t,Irish Question(political troubles):the greatest headache of the British GovernmentPeople:divided on the question of religion and national loyalty ProtestantsReligion Catholics,Ulster loyalistsnational loyalty the Unionists,6.Irish Question(political troubles):the greatest headache of the British G

32、overnment The main problem in Northern Ireland:the fight between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics,the Protestants:the dominant group the Roman Catholics:seeking more social,political and economic opportunities History of national problem Reasons:a.Ireland:the first colony b.Great hatred,littl

33、e room,The change of situationPursue Irish independenceHome rule Irish political control over Irish affairsGuerilla or terrorist activities,1.the Easter Rising of 1916:was the most spectacular event,in which the rebels took over Dublins Post Office,forcing the British to retake it by military means.

34、2.the fighting of IRA in 1919 3.the Sinn Fein,A Partition of Ireland(1921)Bring to an end 700 years of British rule in southern IrelandThe southern 26 counties form an independent stateThe north-eastern 6 counties remain a part of the UK,Politics as a part of the UK Sent 12 representatives to London

35、 Stormont:a parliament of its ownParty legal:a.the Sinn Fein party b.SDLP:Social Democratic and Labour Party IRA:Irish Republican Army(illegal),Political troubles in Northern Ireland(famous):,Indigenous Roman Catholics vs.Protestant immigrates The fuse of the revolt in the 1970s,A Partition of Irela

36、nd(1921)Bring to an end 700 years of British rule in southern IrelandThe southern 26 counties form an independent stateThe north-eastern 6 counties remain a part of the UK,General reasons:sectarian distrust and downright hatredFeatures:bloody,chaotic,disastrous,terroristMeans:marches,speeches,sit-in

37、s,strike even riots(tit-for-tat or revenge killings),Results:most of the casualties of civilians1969 eventThe Provisional IRAParamilitary groupsGettoes in Northern Irish citiesThe policy of InternmentThe Bloody Sunday,Solution1973 agreement1985 agreement1993 Downing Street Declaration1994 ceasefire,the Good Friday Agreement,