英语国家概况Unit3History1(UK).ppt
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1、Unit 3 The History of UK,Objectives,Be familiar with the history before the Norman ConquestUnderstand the feudal system after the Norman ConquestLearn about the history of the English Reformation and RenaissanceKnow the English Civil War and its consequencesKnow the major advancements in the Industr
2、ial RevolutionBe familiar with the Victorian AgeBe familiar with the situation of Britain in the two world wars,A brief timeline of British history,Questions:1.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were _.2.The most famous/biggest relic left by the earliest settlers on British Isles is _.
3、,I.Early Britain(Before 1066)Prehistoric times,Iberian,Celt,Stonehenge,The best evidence that the primitive people had showntheir own civilization is the Stonehenge.(史前巨石柱),Questions:3.Christianity was first brought to Britain by _.4.The Romans left behind on Britain three things of value,they are _
4、,the _ and _,especially _.,Roman Britain,55BC-410 AD,Welsh Christianity,roman roads,cities,Hadrians wall,Roman Baths,Roman Britain,Roman Army,commanded by Julius Caesar,invade England in 55BC.The invasion marked the beginning of the English Recorded history.The successful invasion of England by the
5、Roman Army,headed by Emperor Claudius was in 43AD.They built two great walls(the Hadrians Wall&the Antonine Wall)to prevent the Picts in Scotland.,The Romans remained in Britain from 55 BC to 410 AD,almost four hundred years(four centuries).They imposed their own way of life and culture.And they bro
6、ught Christianity to England.The Romans left behind on Britain three things of value:Welsh Christianity,the Roman roads and cities,especially London.,Hadrians Wall(哈德良长城),Hadrians Wall,a stone wall barrier built to separate the Romans and the Picts tribes in Scotland 2000 years ago(122 A.D.).It allo
7、wed Roman soldiers to control the movements of people coming into or leaving Roman Britain.It was so well built that you can still see parts of it today.,How long was Hadrians Wall?It was 117 kilometers(73 miles)long across the narrow neck of England,from the North Sea to the Irish Sea.,Roman Civili
8、zation,Built up baths,temples,amphitheatres,villas and buildings,Established network of towns(-ster,-cester,-shire),roads and organized government system;mined iron,lead,tin and manufactured pottery.Brought new religion-ChristianityTreated the Britons as slaves and there was no intermarriage.,Roman
9、Baths,Questions:5.The three Teutonic groups began to migrate from the region of Denmark and Low Countries(Holland,Belgium and Luxemburg)and settled in Britain.The three groups are _,_ and _.From the _ conquerors came the name“England”and“English”.,Anglo-Saxon Britain&Danish Invasion,450,3 Teutonic g
10、roups,Heptarchy,King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table,Viking Britain,793,King Alfred,the Great,The Anglo-Saxon Conquest,From the middle of the fifth century,three Teutonic groups began to migrate from the region of Denmark and the Low Countries(Holland,Belgium and Luxemburg)and settled in B
11、ritain.The three Teutonic groups were Angles,Saxons and Jutes.From the Anglo-Saxon conquerors came the name“England”,meaning the land of Anglo-Saxons and“English”.,Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy(七国时代),The seven principal kingdoms of Kent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,East Anglia,Mercia and Northumbria have been given
12、the name of Heptarchy,having occupied the lowland zones.Jutes invasion:In 449,the Jutish chief became the king of Kent(肯特);Anglo-Saxon Conquest:Saxon:Essex(埃塞克斯),Sussex(苏赛克斯),Wessex(威赛克斯);Angles:East Anglia(东盎格利亚),Northumbria(诺森布里亚),Mercia(麦西亚);No possession of Scotland,Wales and Ireland,still by Ce
13、lts,The legend of King Arthur;,King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table were romanized Celts trying to hold back the advances of the Anglo-Saxons.,The Viking Britain(793)Another wave of Germanic invasion came in the eighth century.These invaders were known as Vikings,the Norsemen or Danes,who
14、came from Scandinavia.In the ninth century they conquered and settled the extreme north and west of Scotland,and also some coastal regions of Ireland.Their conquest of England was halted when they were defeated by King Alfred of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex.This resulted in an agreement in 878 which
15、divided England between Wessex in the south and west,and the“Danelaw”in the north and east.,Viking Invasion,The name Viking comes from my language which is called Old Norse.It means a pirate raid.,Alfred the Great Alfred the Great,Father of British Navy;the Danelaw(eastern part of England for the Da
16、nes);established schools and brought churchmen to teach Latin;his writings and translations(beginning of prose literature in England);,However,fewer differences existed between Anglo-Saxons and Danes.By the end of the 10th century England was one kingdom with a Germanic culture throughout.Most of mo
17、dern-day Scotland was also united by this time in a Celtic kingdom.,The Norman Conquest,FactsThe Battle of Hastings in 1066 made William,the Conqueror the first Anglo-Norman king of England.SignificanceIt is the last invasion of England by foreigners while English history regards it as a hidden bles
18、sing.,Questions:6.Norman Conquest,by _,beginning from the year _,established _ in Britain.7.King William made a record of each mans property,which was called“_”.8.The Great Charter signed in _ was made in the interest of the _,it had a progressive significance.9.The first parliament was called in 12
19、65 under the leadership of _.,II.Medieval Britain(1066-1485),Doomsday BookKing John and the Great Charter in 1215 and Robin HoodKing Henry III and the beginning of parliamentSir De Montfort and the Great Council and All Estates Parliament in 1265Edward I and the model parliament in 1295 and William
20、Wallace-,Britain under the Norman kings William the Conqueror,replaced the English bishops with Normans and made himself Head of the Bishops;completed the establishment of the feudal system in England,Sent his clerks to compile a property record known as Domesday Book in 1085.(The book stated the ex
21、tent,value,population and ownership of the Land).,Feudal System,Influence,It has speeded up the development of Feudalism in England.Feudal aristocracy developed and resulted in the appearance of noble titles.This sophisticated medieval form of government was handed over to the Normans and grew stron
22、ger.The Doomsday Book(末日审判书)exemplifies the practical codification.Tower of London(the White Tower)served as the administration of justice.Witan was replaced by the Great Council led by the head of bishops.The Norman vs.Anglo-Saxon relation became that of the master vs.servant.,England was civilized
23、 by Norman way of living,particularly reflected by the language.It is a bi-linguistic period with French as the official language,Latin as the church language while the Middle English,as that of the lower class.However English regained the position of dominant speech by the end of 14th century.,King
24、 Henry II and his reforms,Henry House of Plantagenet(金雀花王朝),Henry II reformed the courts and the laws:introduced the jury system(陪审团制度)institutionalized common law Great Council,Royal line,Richard I,Richard I succeeded Henry II in 1189.known as Richard the Lion-heart(狮心王)even before his accession,be
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