英语国家概况(谢福之).ppt

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1、Chapter One,Geography,People and Language,Contents,Rivers and Lakes,The longest river:Severn River(354 kilometers long)The second longest river:Thames(332 kilometers long)The largest Lake:Lough Neagh,Thames,I Geography,1.Geographical Feature2.Climate3.Major Cities,Map of the UK,Read the map to find:

2、Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel(The Channel Tunnel)The Republic of Ireland,The British Isles(不列颠群岛）Two large islands:,Great Britain,Ireland,Why do some people from the UK not prefer you call them English or English man,this some times will cause them angry?,Interesting Fact:No

3、one in the UK lives more than 120 km(75 miles)from the sea.,Geography,The official title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,Title and Make up of the UK,Topography,Northern Ireland:Its mostly hilly.,Wales:,Scotland:,England:,Ben Nevis in Scotland the highest point in U

4、K,Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain:,Why people tend to use“England”and“English”when they mean“Britain”and“British”?Because its the largest,the most populous and the richest section.Capital:London,What industry is most important in Scotland?Tourism.What do people enjoy?Scotch

5、whisky Kilts bagpipesCapital:Edinburgh,Lake District,Lake poets,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud-William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud我好似一朵孤独的流云，That floats on high oer vales and hills,高高地飘游在山谷之上，When all at once I saw a crowd,A host,of golden daffodils水仙花;Beside the lake,beneath the trees,Flu

6、ttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.,Lake poets,The waves beside them danced;but theyOut-did the sparkling w

7、aves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft,when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,

8、And dances with the daffodils.,2.Climate,Main characteristics:Temperate,with warm summers,cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features:Winter fog Rainy daysInstability/changeability,3.Major Cities London,The River Thames,the capital of England and of Great Britain the political center of the

9、 Commonwealth a major port one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers.,Landmarks&Symbols of London,The palace of Westminster威斯敏斯特宫,Landmarks&Symbols of London,Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特大教堂,Big Ben,Landmarks&Symbols of London,London Eye,伦敦眼（英文名：The London Eye），全称英国航空伦敦眼（The British Airways L

10、ondon Eye）又称千禧之轮，坐落在伦敦泰晤士河畔，是世界第四大摩天轮，是伦敦的地标之一，也是伦敦最吸引游人的观光点之一。伦敦眼于1999年年底开幕，总高度135米（443英尺）。伦敦眼共有32个乘坐舱，全部设有空调并不能打开窗。每个乘坐舱可载客约15名，回转速度约为每秒0.26米，即一圈需时30分钟。,Landmarks&Symbols of London,St.Pauls Cathedral圣保罗大教堂,Landmarks&Symbols of London,Hyde Park,Tower of London,伦敦塔（英文：Tower of London）的官方名称是“女王陛下的宫殿与

11、城堡，伦敦塔“，虽然将其作为宫殿居住的最后一位统治者已是几世纪前的詹姆士一世（1566年至1625年）。伦敦塔曾作为堡垒、军械库、国库、铸币厂、宫殿、天文台、避难所和监狱，特别关押上层阶级的囚犯。最后的这一用途产生一条短语“sent to the Tower”，意思是“入狱”。伊丽莎白一世在她姐姐玛丽一世统治时曾在此入狱一段时间；伦敦塔最后一次作为监狱使用是在第二次世界大战期间，关押鲁道夫赫斯。1988年被列为世界文化遗产。,Landmarks&Symbols of London,Tower Bridge,Buckingham Palace白金汉宫,Major CitiesEdinburgh,

12、Capital of Scotlandadministrative,financial,legal,medical and insurance center of Scotlandbeautiful scenery renowned architecture,Landmarks&Symbols of Edinburgh,Edinburgh Castle,Palace of Holyrood,荷里路德宫（Palace of Holyroodhouse）和荷里路德公园位于皇家哩大道的另一端点，荷里路德宫目前仍是英女王来到苏格兰的皇室住所，荷里路德宫是詹姆斯五世于1498年所建。荷里路德宫的前身是荷

13、里路德修道院(Holy Rood Abbey)，目前仍从有部分遗迹在宫殿中。荷里路德宫历史上曾发生许多事件，其中最有名的就是苏格兰玛丽女王(Queen Mary)，玛丽女王号称当时最美丽的女人，三度结婚后不久在叛变中失掉王位，最后因图谋英格兰王位被处死。荷里路德公园也值得一看，爱丁堡艺术节有时也在此举行露天演出。,Major CitiesCardiff,Europes youngest capital cityhas been the capital city of Wales for around 50 yearshome to an enormous amount of urban reg

14、eneration and restoration has recently become one of the most fashionable cities in the United Kingdom.,Landmarks&Symbols of Cardiff,Cardiff City Hall,Landmarks&Symbols of Cardiff,Millennium Stadium卡迪夫千年球场 千禧大球场 千禧年体育场;球场;体育馆;千年体育场,Cardiff Castle,Major CitiesBelfast,City Hall,the second largest city

15、 capital of Northern Ireland an important historic city,Landmarks&Symbols of Belfast,Belfast Castle,II People,Overall population:over 60 millionsDistribution:England:about 50 millionScotland:over 5 millionWales:around 3 millionNorthern Ireland:about 1.7million,Ethnicity,The majority of this populati

16、on are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celtic people The Irish people were also Celtic in originimmigrants,Percentage of total UK Population,Ethinc Groups of totalWhite British 85.7%White Irish 1.2%White(other)5.3%Mixed race 1.2%Indian 1.8%Pak

17、istani 1.3%Bengali 0.5%Other Asian(non-Chinese)0.4%Black Caribbean 1.0%Black African 0.8%Black(others)0.2%Chinese 0.4%Other 0.4%,III The English Language,1.Old English2.Middle English3.Modern English 4.Standard English,1.Old English(5th 11th),Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced byOld NorseLatin and G

18、reek words Danish words,Beowulf,The most famous work from the OldEnglish period is the epic poem”Beowulf”(approximately AD 900)Hwt!We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga,rym gefrunon,hu a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum,2.Middle English(11th 15th),Status French replaced English

19、as the official language,and English became the Language of lower class big pork sheep mutton cattle beefDevelopment English increased in importance after the Black Death,The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集,written by Geofery Chaucer,14 the centuryWhan that Aprill,with his shoures soote The droghte of March

20、 hath perced to the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour,Of which vertu engendred is the flour;,Geoffrey Chaucer,3.Modern English(15th),The printing pressbrought standardization of EnglishSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingRenaissanceassimilated foreign words th

21、roughout the Renaissance The Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideasThe rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languages,Othello,by William Shakespeare 1603La:Tho in the trade of warre

22、,I haue flaine men,Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience.To doe no contriud murrher;I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice:nine or ten times,I had thought to haue ierkd him here,Vnder the ribbes.Oth.:Tis better as it is.Which can be translated as:La:Though in the trade of war I have slain ma

23、n,Yet do I hold it very stuff o the conscience.To do no contrived murder:I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service:nine or tem times I had thought to have yerkd him here under the ribs.Othello:Tis better as it is.,Shakespeare,4.Standard English,based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern Englandadopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media also called as Queens English or BBC English based on the London dialectbecoming a universal Lingua Francathe world language,Thank You!,