英语中各句子成分划分.ppt

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1、Sentence Elements,英语句子成分,主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)表语(predicative)宾语补足语(宾补object complement)定语(attributive)状语(adverbial)主语补足语(主补subject complement),句子成分,1.主语谓语(SV)2.主语谓语宾语(SVO)3.主语连系动词表语(SVC)4.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVoO)5.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾补(SVOC),简单句的基本句型,1.主语 谓语(SV)本结构是由“主语+不及物动词(词组)”构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如，She

2、 came.My head aches.The sun rises.该句型的主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,2.主语 谓语 宾语(SVO)此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the+形容词、分词以及从句等。如，1.Who knows the answer?2.He has refused

3、 to help them.3.He enjoys reading.4.He said Good morning.5.He admits that he was mistaken.此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,3.主语 连系动词 表语(SVP)本结构主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。连系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound等；（2）表示状态延续的 remain,stay,k

4、eep,continue,stand等；（3）表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow等。She is happy.He fell off his bike and got hurt.His advice proved(to be)right.,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,4.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVoO)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass

5、,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,等；(需借助for 的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.=He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.She gave John a book=She bought a book for me.He showed me how to run the machine.,5.主语谓语(及

6、物动词)宾语宾补(SVOC)此结构中的宾语与宾语补足语之间存在有内在逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.,此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，分词，介词短语等。,Arrange these words to

7、 make sentences,1.was/old/dying/man/theThe old man was dying.2.Taught/new words/the students/the lecturer/many/toThe lecturer taught many new words to the students3.damage/your hair/some hairbrushes/maySome hairbrushes may damage your hair.4.me/a/haircut/the barber/gave/shortThe barber gave me a sho

8、rt haircut.5.The shop/$100/paid/the customerThe customer paid the shop$100,6.interesting and expansive/in the city/can be/both/lifeLife in the city can be both interesting and expansive7.it/make/your hair/too often/dry/may/shampooingShampooing your hair too often may make it dry.8.myself/unlucky/tho

9、ught/veryI thought myself very unlucky.9.the tired student/in the afternoon/a nap/tookThe tired student took a nap in the afternoon.10.his car/to Beijing/drove his car to Beijing.The salesman drove his car to Beijing.,主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.(名词)He likes dancing.(代词)Twenty ye

10、ars is a short time in history.(数词)Seeing is believing.(动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)What he needs is a book.(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语),句子成分,谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征英语中只有动词才能作谓语。We study English.He is asleep.,宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾I like Chi

11、na.(名词)He hates you.(代词)How many do you need?We need two.(数词)We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.(动名词)I hope to see you again.(不定式)Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow,there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He ga

12、ve me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.,定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Miss Yang is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend.(代词)We belong to the third world.(数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sis

13、ter.(介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2.(分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now.(分词)I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)You should do everything that I do.(定语从句),状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the mee

14、ting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weatherHe studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard,you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young,he can do it well.The teacher came in,with

15、a book in his hand.,宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor.(名词)We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.We will make them happy.(形容词)We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.(介词短语)Dont let him do that.(省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带to不定式)Dont kee

16、p the lights burning.(现在分词)Ill have my bike repaired.(过去分词),主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Tired and sad,she told her story tearfully.,表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher.(名词)Seventy-four!You dont look it.(代词)Five and five is ten.(数词)He is asleep.(形容词)His father is in.(副词)The picture is on the wall.(介词短语)My watch is gone/missing/lost.(分词)To wear a flower is to say Im poor,I cant buy a ring.(不定式)The question is whether they will come.(从句),