新GRE写作名人素材.doc

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1、新GRE写作名人素材 整理了新GRE写作名人素材，希望能够帮助大家更好地备考新GRE写作，获得新GRE写作高分,我们一起来看看吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。新GRE写作名人素材库：约翰布朗Brown, John 1800 - 1859Abolitionist, born in Torrington, Connecticut. Son of an itinerant tradesman, he grew up in Hudson, Ohio, and received little formal schooling. His mother died insane when he was e

2、ight years old; several of her nearest relations were also seriously disturbed. He became a tanner, one of his fathers trades, then successively a land surveyor, shepherd, and farmer. He married in 1820 and again in 1831 after the death of his first wife, fathering 20 children altogether. He migrate

3、d from place to place in the 1830s and 1840s, failing in several businesses and engaging in unprofitable land speculations. He had been an abolitionist from his youth, but he was in his fifties before he began to plot emancipation by main force. By 1855 he and six of his sons and a son-in-law had mo

4、ved to Osawatomie, Kansas, to participate in the struggle to keep it a non-slave state. After proslavery forces attacked and burned the town of Lawrence, Kansas, Brown led a small force, including four of his sons, to nearby Pottawatomie Creek where on the night of May 24, 1856, they killed five pro

5、slavery men; he took full responsibility for the killings. Returning to the East, now dangerously obsessed with abolition through violence, he gained the patronage of northern activists such as Gerrit Smith, who supplied him with money, arms, and moral support. Dreaming of setting up a free state fo

6、r liberated slaves in the Virginia mountains, he planned a raid on the Harpers Ferry, Va, armory. He and his men seized the armoury on October 16, 1859, but were captured when a detachment of US Marines under Col Robert E Lee stormed the building. Tried for treason and hanged on December 2, he becam

7、e the stuff of legend, a martyr to Northern supporters such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, and a dangerous fanatic to most Southerners.新GRE写作名人素材库：法拉第Faraday, Michael 1791 - 1867Physicist and chemist. Born September 22, 1791, in Newington, Surrey. The family soon moved to London, where young Michael, one o

8、f 10 children, picked up the rudiments of reading, writing, and arithmetic. At the age of 14, he was apprenticed to a bookbinder and bookseller. He read ravenously and attended public lectures, including some by Sir Humphry Davy. Faradays career began when Davy, temporarily blinded in a laboratory a

9、ccident, appointed Faraday as his assistant at the Royal Institution. With Davy as a teacher in analytical chemistry, Faraday advanced in his scientific apprenticeship and began independent chemical studies. By 1825, he discovered benzene and had become the first to describe compounds of chlorine an

10、d carbon. He adopted the atomic theory to explain that chemical qualities were the result of attraction and repulsion between united atoms. This proved to be the theoretical foundation for much of his future work.Faraday had already done some work in magnetism and electricity, and it was in this fie

11、ld that he made his most outstanding contributions. His first triumph came when he found a solution to the problem of producing continuous rotation by use of electric current, thus making electric motors possible. Hans Oersted had discovered the magnetic effect of a current, but Faraday grasped the

12、fact that a conductor at rest and a steady magnetic field do not interact and that to get an induced current either the conductor or the field has to move. On August 29, 1831, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction.During the next 10 years, Faraday explored and expanded the field of electricit

13、y. In 1834, he announced his famous two laws of electrolysis. Briefly, they state that for any given amount of electrical force in an electrochemical cell, chemical substances are released at the electrodes in the ratio of their chemical equivalents. He also invented the voltammeter, a device for me

14、asuring electrical charges, which was the first step toward the later standardization of electrical quantities.Faraday continued to work in his laboratory, but his health began to deteriorate and he had to stop work entirely in 1841. Almost miraculously, however, his health later improved and he res

15、umed work in 1844. He began a search for an interaction between magnetism and light and in 1845 turned his attention from electrostatics to electromagnetism. He discovered that an intense magnetic field could rotate the plane of polarized light, a phenomenon known today as the Faraday effect. In con

16、junction with these experiments, he showed that all matter conducts the magnetic line of force. Objects that were good conductors he called paramagnetics, while those that conducted the force poorly he named diamagnetics. Thus, the energy of a magnet is in the space around it, not in the magnet itse

17、lf. This is the fundamental idea of the field theory.Faraday was a brilliant lecturer, and through his public lectures he did a great deal to popularize science. Shortly after he became head of the Royal Institution in 1825, he inaugurated the custom of giving a series of lectures for young people d

18、uring the Christmas season. This tradition has been maintained, and over the years the series have frequently been the basis for fascinating, simply written, and informative books. Faraday died in London on August 25, 1867.The admiration of physicists for Faraday has been demonstrated by naming the

19、unit of capacitance the farad and a unit of charge, the faraday. No other man has been doubly honored in this way. His name also appears frequently in connection with effects, laws, and apparatus. These honors are proper tribute to the man who was possibly the greatest experimentalist who ever lived

20、.新GRE写作名人素材库：欧文欧文Owen, Robert (Dale) 1801 - 1877Social reformer; born in Glasgow, Scotland. He taught briefly in New Lanark, Scotland, where his family owned the cotton mills, and occasionally he ran the factories in his fathers absence. Influenced by Robert Dale (his father), whose theory of social

21、 reform was based on cooperation, practical education, and humane working conditions, he emigrated with his father to America (1825) to set up the New Harmony Colony in Indiana. Unfit for manual labor, the son taught school there and edited the New Harmony Gazette. The community failed (1827) and he

22、 would later criticize its participants as lazy theorists and unprincipled sharpers. (His father returned to England in 1828.) Known for practicality in the application of social ideals, he nonetheless came under the influence of Frances Wright and the Free Enquirers, a liberal group that advocated

23、an early form of socialism. Moving to New York to join the groups inner circle (1829), he edited the Free Inquirer and helped form the Association for the Protection of Industry and for the Promotion of National Education. Joining his father in England (1832), he coedited The Crisis with him for six

24、 months, then returned to New Harmony where he served three terms in the Indiana legislature (1836-38) and was able to secure large-scale public school funding. He also served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives (1843-47). Appointed charg daffaires at Naples (1853) and then minister (1855

25、-58), he embraced spiritualism in Italy. On his return to the U.S.A. (1858), he became a leading advocate of the emancipation of slaves; commissioned to purchase arms for the state of Indiana (1861-63), he wrote an influential pamphlet, The Policy of Emancipation (1863). As chairman of a national committee to study freed slaves, he wrote The Wrong Slavery (1864). He was also the author of an autobiography and several novels.新GRE写作名人素材