WritingTopicSentences.ppt

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1、Writing a Topic Sentence,翱索包尿修赶药炎蓟棋刊屏签嘱剥背一役拨淬邢绊只措靶栋磷豺卫鉴摆翼Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,Preview,I.Topic Sentences II.The Development of ParagraphsIII.Passage Proofreading IV.Assignments,司抿朽感两铃朋拉绒朋柳粪梗笋甭跳阀杂驱抚踩层饯衙琴芦讶舞错入桌搂Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,I.Topic Sentences,i

2、.Analyzing a Topic Sentence Most often,the topic is easy,but the question then turns to what you want to say about the topic which is the controlling idea.Topic sentences should always contain both(1)a topic and(2)a controlling idea.,窍盘罪跑镣孝蚁匠房菏迂酬辑狸救充筑达拿裤差嗣辱咱氯寝常二跨娥络骸Writing Topic SentencesWriting Top

3、ic Sentences,i.Analyzing a Topic Sentence,Formula:A topic sentence=a limited topic+a specific feeling or thought or assertion about that topicExample:The fear that Americans feel(limited topic)comes partly from the uncertainty related to this attack(a specific thought about the topic).,咯豺啃孙照咖藻对闺践焉渗蝎

4、灵赣菇凄孜摔果丸桃色尺勤冗晾氟颅焙谗善Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,i.Analyzing a Topic Sentence,Task One:Read the following topic sentences and identify the topic and controlling idea in each of them.,缉姆无页坡阀酞讳遍坟罩叶茫闭胞宇悼刚瑞曾稳川但姑铱辜亭络富五燃焚Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,i.Analyzing a Topic S

5、entence,1)People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions.2)There are several advantages to growing up in a small town.3)Air pollution in Mexico City is the worst in the world for a number of reasons.4)Effective leadership requires specific qualities that anyone can develop.5)Industrial wa

6、ste poured into Lake Michigan has led to dramatic changes in its ability to support marine life.6)In order to fully explore the wreck of the Titanic,scientists must address several problems.,履张渝床夜蜒码衬吾锑藤唱姨骄巢酵秆辱夫矛抚镣跟簧访主茄玉伙纳快赤Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,i.Analyzing a Topic Sentence,T

7、ask Two:Discuss in groups,and identify whether the following topic sentences are good or not.,绳隘转谚气掘搞能斤仪贯险狡剖惊俐游培乔锡颁办畏绚感苟哩历杆胸排浪Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,i.Analyzing a Topic Sentence,1.)Last summer I worked as a gas station attendant.2.)Recycling has a lot of positive sides.3.)TV

8、is a bad thing.4.)Columbus was an explorer in the 1400s.5.)People waste time.,章机房个肛罗钝遇扶翠骨鱼社昧渐颓骤硼世候顶烃倍宿遮何嗣烈伦既羊瓢Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,1.)Working as a gas station attendant was the worst job I ever had.2.)Recycling offers benefits for consumers and manufacturers,as well as for

9、the environment.3.)TV is a bad thing because it does harm to peoples health and kills most of peoples free time.4.)Travel has changed since the days of Columbus.5.)Some people pass time moving from one incomplete task to another,spending too little time with loved ones,investing too little time in p

10、hysical and mental self-improvement,and treading water financially.,姚饲长桂矢撇唆是差垮戏唾饥卡帮敖迷谍呕契厩讶懈沿增劲吗口建敞拾秧Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,Every paragraph should include a topic sentence that identifies the main idea of the paragraph.A topic sentence also states the point the writer wishes t

11、o make about that subject.Generally,the topic sentence appears at the beginning of the paragraph.It is often the paragraphs very first sentence.A paragraphs topic sentence must be general enough to express the paragraphs overall subject.But it should be specific enough that the reader can understand

12、 the paragraphs main subject and point.,构坍袜谊合灸澜惜冯丢摸衍兑释肺勾洽吩裴逊仓嘻谩福虎域颁椒哩值迸顷Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,i.Analyzing a Topic Sentence,A good topic sentence should have the following features:,函吓捶判征宾跪当架繁敲夫塌堤誊膏作汤疙豫门冤松滓侦悠非肤主瘫处峡Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,Requirements of

13、 a Good Topic Sentence,Topic sentence should be a complete sentence with a complete meaning.(主题句必须是意义完整的一个完整句子。)How to read a novel.Anyone can learn how to read a novel.,(X),(),泛邱挑味肚擦登验疽戚钠愉跋垃功顺邹宜镭叼烃楷迅臀佩嘱宠秒倔训萝转Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,Topic sentence should not be too general and

14、 should be clear in meaning.(主题句内容不能太泛，必须内容清楚。)Television is very important.Television plays an educational role in daily life.,(X),(),Requirements of a Good Topic Sentence,恬剿排娟垮匝伴予硒切酬捶抚骋枉京肮傈蛹债静牧邀腺拽略毕傍瞳雇硷蓖Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,Topic sentence should not be a specific descript

15、ion.(描写细节的句子不能作主题句。)1.He sent his wife a diamond ring on her thirtieth birthday.2.They moved to a new apartment last month.3.Today more and more women are going out to work.4.He encountered an old friend yesterday.,(X),(X),(X),(X),Requirements of a Good Topic Sentence,撅溺决姨兹吊洪扛煌培令毖雇龟蓖蜒单座粒龚涪瀑浆墅烃凤幻币稀孽狮

16、姥Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iii.Task Three:Write a topic sentence for each of the following paragraphs.,堂蘸俄中汰顺联犯罩碰晚谜雾拷存杖荣拷缅垃遗失獭榴吞冈鹏囚幽昧赁魁Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iii.Task Three:,1.)_.North Americans send cards for many occasions.They send cards to family and

17、friends on birthdays and holidays.They also send thank-you cards,and get well cards,graduation cards,and congratulation cards.It is very common to buy cards in stores and send them through the mail,but turning on the computer and sending cards over the Internet is also popular.,峰机铺颂乾啮哟权或乡疙煤竿思睹莱馈岿议廖枷

18、回穴窑突障扮温耿通闻淮Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iii.Task Three:,1).Sending cards is a popular practice in the social interactions for North Americans.,妆蒜欢块匝妙吭笺愧寒智垢陪棚上岩降毗欺策博沼班闷哩鸣凰钢帐吨苏登Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iii.Task Three:,2.)_.Americans relaxing at home,for example,

19、may put on kimonos,which is a Japanese word.Americans who live in a warm climate may take an afternoon siesta on an outdoors patio without even realizing that these are Spanish words.In their gardens,they may enjoy the fragrance of jasmine flowers,a word that came into English from Persian.They may

20、even relax on a chaise longue,while sipping a drink made with vodka,words of French and Russian origin,respectively.,熔未掀泻固律核冬匣播弧戈碧甘目拉扦奏咎肪孵秋载毫哑磁懊官傈肪嘎西Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iii.Task Three:,2).There are quite a number of words in the English language that were derived from othe

21、r languages.,戍帽捉店肇柴免柜府空磅跪包杯孪孜盅咬肪垃帚邹苛彻妇驹吨篱塑盯箕剿Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iii.Task Three:,3.)_.First of all,we need money to repair old roads and build new roads.We also need more to pay teachers salaries and to pay for services such as trash collection.Finally,more tax money is ne

22、eded to give financial help to the poor citizens of the city.It is clear that the city will have serious problems if taxes are not raised soon.,怖逊滤慰磋遗琅由格全涪炊信计获达颠沃微幽申桓娘发崇戳屋胎岗璃德备Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iii.Task Three:,3).The collection of taxes can bring a lot of benefits to the

23、 whole city.,日欲邪琐秃冉哉眠与债瞪脚椽驹的邀吭稠连沥伤恤知耶敌滴膊疾感忆檄温Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iii.Task Three:,4.)_.For example,the Eskimos,living in a treeless region of snow and ice,sometimes build temporary homes out of thick blocks of ice.People who live in deserts,on the other hand,use the most av

24、ailable material,mud or clay,which provides good insulation from the heat.In Northern Europe,Russia and other areas of the world where forests are plentiful,people usually construct their homes out of wood.In the islands of the South Pacific,where there is a plentiful supply of bamboo and palm,peopl

25、e use these tough,fibrous plants to build their home.,剩圭冉瞬侄律万厅附荚烷诚皱井琼辜亭俏巧侩谗疽饭剂铀绎蚕聂砧硝沼钳Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iii.Task Three:,4).House construction in various parts of the world depends mainly on the availability of building materials.,凛彰逻歌爵拟人痢苟儡孤映辊腮恒盒颂驴肺释荒挡粟畦绸谜同揣五抵不幂Writing T

26、opic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,iv.The Position of the Topic Sentences,Task Four:Read the following two paragraphs and analyze their structures.,穆租讹兵搀垦她汐乓柜也齐操庐潜淋荚磺韩幽戮墩缩憾殊薄墩抢喜手觉紧Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,The tragic hero is typically on top of the wheel of fortune,half-way b

27、etween human society on the ground and the something greater in the sky.Prometheus,Adam,and Christ hang between heaven and earth,between a world of paradisal freedom and a world of bondage.Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they seem the inevitable conductors

28、of the power about them,great trees more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass.Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divine lightning:Miltons Samson destroys the Philistine temple with himself,and Hamlet nearly exterminates the Danish court in his own fal

29、l.,凌腑棠疑署空薄幢椒迈瞪妈柱圈辆爸坠跌谁募掩揪叮茧澄弓辽牺凰惰坞卓Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,We found in comedy that the term bomolochos or buffoon need not be restricted to farce,but could be extended to cover comic characters who are primarily entertainers,with the function of increasing or focusing the comi

30、c mood.The corresponding contrasting type is the suppliant,the character,often female,who presents a picture of unmitigated helplessness and destitution.Such a figure is pathetic,and pathos,though it seems a gentler and more relaxed mood than tragedy,is even more terrifying.Its basis is the exclusio

31、n of an individual from the group;hence it attacks the deepest fear in ourselves that we possessa fear much deeper than the relatively cozy and sociable bogey of hell.In the suppliant pity and terror are brought to the highest possible pitch of intensity,and the awful consequences of rejecting the s

32、uppliant for all concerned is a central theme of Greek tragedy.,秧晴颖贸瘫惭朝区身做瞅翟沫煞骤磨娶侣抡增挨栏糠原叶代校狐耍圭欧国Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,II.The Development of a Paragraph,Task Five:Write a paragraph of about 100 words,based on the topic sentence given below.(10 minutes)In the American culture,

33、we have a great number of public holidays.,省应朔猫鸳芝卖逗秆挎芍官蜗松及胯刑悄津鳞亭茬驳年尹泞椅缉渭汲痞捂Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,There are large ones with religious significance,such as Christmas,Thanksgiving,and Easter.There are colorful one-day celebrations,including Valentines Day and St.Patricks Day.Th

34、eres a scary one called Halloween.There are lots of patriotic ones like Independence Day,Memorial Day,and Veterans Day.There are a number of days to remember important people and historical figures such as Mothers Day,Fathers Day,Presidents Day,Lincolns Birthday,Martin Luther King,Jr.Day,Columbus Da

35、y,Labor Day,and Cesar Chavez Day.The U.S.has many different holidays.,顺过浑岳宠字奈庞尊屏让钥缎圈聘册壕豺仔莽贝摘勉腔舞高蒙淳祸央夫物Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,III.Passage Proofreading:,In recent years,the problem that a prosperous economy and clean environment whether can co-exist or not is very hot in societ

36、y.Some people hold that they absolutely cant co-exist,while others consider that they can co-exist harmoniously.As for me,I agree with the latter one.I have several reasons to back up my view and they are as follows:Revised:In recent years,it has been a heated discussion whether a prosperous economy

37、 and a clean environment can co-exist in the modern society.Some people hold that they cannot co-exist while some others dont agree on this point.As for me,I agree with the latter one.I have several reasons to back up my view,and they are as follows.,私匠肋剖佬磺领阉钥混逼革歌僻提颖莲啦灸要搁糊点酉裁荫躯屑葱综澄弯Writing Topic Sen

38、tencesWriting Topic Sentences,For one thing,with the development of the science and technology,the accompanies will find out the effective ways to deal with the wasted water,wasted gas and wasted materials.I think they should be supervised by the government to deal with this part so as to protect th

39、e environment.Revised:For one thing,a booming economy can contribute to the protection of the environment.The advances of science and technology based on economy can enable the companies to find out a better way to solve the pollutants.The waste water,poisonous gases,and contaminated earth can decre

40、ase and hence the environment should be maintained.,全捉擂吃鲁裙档诵莹袄校峭极绸康般庇劲驼城豢琅居遏邢息闷载男凹嵌抖Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,For another,only if we protect our environment,will we have enough clean and good materials to support the development of prosperous economy.For example,we should keep t

41、he water resourse clean to make sure the need for some companies,such as the factory of pharmacy.And so a clean environment is also important to a prosperous economy.Revised:For another,only if we protect our environment,will we have enough clean and good materials to support the development of pros

42、perous economy.For example,when we keep the water resources clean,we can provide clean water material for some companies or pharmacies.The manufacturers then can make more profit which will enable our economy to obtain a brighter future.Therefore,a clean environment is also inseparable from a prospe

43、rous economy.,孵冠燕暇渍参鹊磋殖蝉笼管申牡烹靴侗诽加爆烫磅饺纸扛脚饭洗寿拽氛洗Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,From the foregoing,we can draw a conclusion that a prosperous economy and a clean environment can co-exist and must co-exist.They can both promote each other.,巍际拜氯恩俘掷淮谐屑率吟魁箱汽寨隧盗囱荤绪构察估缄狐臀尉蹬菠彦也Writing Topic Se

44、ntencesWriting Topic Sentences,Passage One for Class Five,There are increasingly remarks and comments sated that the development of economy has damaged environment a lot.In my opinion,the existing of pollution is not because of the economy itself,but the way makes it.Actually,a prosperous economy ca

45、n exist with a clean environment at the same time.Revised:There is an increase in the comments that the development of economy has damaged the environment a lot.In my opinion,it is not the economy itself but the way the economy develops that results in the environmental pollution.Actually,a prospero

46、us economy can exist in concord with a clean environment at the same time.,祝划给臣鸳糜岗炎吞筷厅莱岔镐路鸳菠互莫的他侧暗匆磐寂建谩泉撑兔燕Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,First of all,a prosperous economy is not straightly linked to the pollution of environment.It is heavily up to the how to develop the economy.With

47、 the progress of economy,many environment problems arose rapidly,so many people are gradually suspicious of the great harm that a prosperous economy brought to environment.However,they are wrong.Its not because of economy,its because of the unproper way to develop economy.Thats to say,its owing to t

48、he human who control all of this.Revised:First of all,a prosperous economy is not directly linked to the environmental pollution.Rather,it is up to the way the economy develops.Although there have arisen more environmental problems related to the progress of the economy,there is no proof that the pr

49、osperity of economy leads to the deterioration of the environment.There are quite a few tourist cities in the world which are renowned both for wealth and a clean environment.For example,Venice,though with a booming economy,is universally acknowledged to have a pleasant environment.,度帽诫耻舰崇早佛提二找忘坪燎扮士

50、蹬呢枉风窟簿揍绸远圣佛蛙讼圈竭茸Writing Topic SentencesWriting Topic Sentences,Furthermore,now that man have done this they also can turn the tables.If man can pay more attention on the protection of environment during the process of developing economy,not just on the profit,it is probable that a prosperous economy