托福讲义-10-托福写作-词汇与句型.ppt

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1、IBT写作之语言技巧,词汇句型篇,甩掉恶心词近义词替换1,必须掌握的同义词big篇：large adj.大的tremendous adj.巨大的，惊人的massive adj.巨大的enormous adj.巨大的immeasurable adj.不可估量的immense adj.巨大的，无限的titanic adj.巨大的,近义词替换2,必须掌握的同义词small篇：minute adj.微小的trivial adj.琐碎的，微不足道的unimportant adj.无关紧要的insignificant adj.无关紧要的negligible adj.可以忽略的,近义词替换3,必须掌握的同义

2、词many/much篇：numerous adj.众多的plentiful adj.许多的，大量的，丰富的considerable adj.a great multitude of 大量的an overwhelming number of 数量上巨大的a host of 一大群的a wealth of 大量的，丰富的a myriad of 大量的，无数的,近义词替换4,必须掌握的同义词a few/a little篇：scarce adj.缺乏的，不足的sparse adj.缺乏的，不足的one or two 几个a couple of 几个a handful of 少量的a spot of 一

3、点点的，少量的a small quantity of 少量的,近义词替换5,必须掌握的同义词great篇：distinguished adj.卓越的glorious adj.辉煌的，壮丽的impressive adj.令人印象深刻的prominent adj.显著的，卓越的magnificent adj.壮丽的，宏伟的remarkable adj.非凡的，显著的outstanding adj.杰出的,近义词替换6,必须掌握的同义词important篇：crucial adj.至关重要的essential adj.重要的leading adj.主要的pivotal adj.关键的principa

4、l adj.重要的cardinal adj.首要的，基本的vital adj.关键的,近义词替换7,必须掌握的同义词ability篇：capability n.综合能力competence n.胜任能力aptitude n.学习能力faculty n.能力genius n.天赋talent n.才能gift n.天赋,近义词替换8,必须掌握的同义词opinion篇：idea n.注意，见解attitude n.态度，看法outlook n.观点，见解perspective n.观点，想法notion n.看法belief n.信念point of view 看法,近义词替换9,必须掌握的同义词

5、make篇：establish v.建立originate v.创始，开创produce v.制造，生产manufacture v.制造construct v.建设cause v.引起，使 发生forge v.塑造,近义词替换10,必须掌握的同义词get篇：gain v.获得earn v.赢得obtain v.获得，取得attain v.取得，得到acquire v.获取secure v.获得，把 弄到手procure v.获得,近义词替换11,必须掌握的同义词good篇：excellent adj.优秀的beneficial adj.有利的valuable adj.有价值的comfortab

6、le adj.舒服的efficient adj.高效率的convenient adj.方便的healthy adj.健康的,近义词替换12,必须掌握的同义词bad篇：evil adj.邪恶的harmful adj.有害的adverse adj.不利的detrimental adj.有害的disadvantageous adj.处于劣势的，不利的poisonous adj.有毒的，有害的awful adj.糟糕的，糟透的,上下义词1,上义词hypernym:a word that is more generic than a given word下义词hyponym:a word that is

7、 more specific than a given word,上下义词2,丰富词汇量 帮助拓展思路,上下义词3,student,person,human being,pupil,middle school student,undergraduate,上下义词4,tools,tableware,vehicles,instruments,spoons,chopsticks,forks,cars,ships,planes,Percussion instruments,orchestra,trucks,tractors,sedans,SUVs,Mercedes,BMW,Toyota,Camery,

8、Corolla,Crown,上下义词5,tools,tableware,vehicles,instruments,spoons,chopsticks,forks,cars,ships,planes,trucks,tractors,sedans,SUVs,Mercedes,BMW,Toyota,Camery,Corolla,Crown,Percussion instruments,orchestra,上下义词6,tools,vehicles,cars,sedans,Toyota,Crown,上义词到下义词的演化过程,上下义词7,tools,vehicles,cars,sedans,Toyota,

9、Crown,主题句,分论点,支持分论点的细节,上下义词8,people,relatives,teachers,classmates,colleagues,parents,brothers,sisters,uncles,aunts,supervisors,subordinates,maternal uncles,paternal uncles,elderly paternal uncles,younger paternal uncles,上下义词9,people,relatives,teachers,classmates,colleagues,parents,brothers,sisters,u

10、ncles,aunts,supervisors,subordinates,maternal uncles,paternal uncles,elder paternal uncles,younger paternal uncles,上下义词11,people,relatives,uncles,paternal uncles,younger paternal uncles,主题句,分论点,支持分论点的细节,上下义词12,People are delighted to talk about their relatives.As for me,I will definitely mention my

11、uncle Luis whenever the name fits the topic of a conversation.He is my fathers younger brother,tightly-closed to my family by dropping in on my house every weekend.As he is sturdy,grey-haired,sparsely-bearded,and freckled,my neighbors always laugh at him.But he never gets angry;instead,he smiles hap

12、pily when hearing the rumors and derisive words against him.Such an affable character makes him the hero of my daily conservation.,上下义词13,People are delighted to talk about their relatives.As for me,I will definitely mention my uncle Luis whenever the name fits the topic of a conversation.He is my f

13、athers younger brother,tightly-closed to my family by dropping in at my house every weekend.As he is sturdy,grey-haired,sparsely-bearded,and freckled,the neighbors always laugh at him.But he never gets angry;instead,he smiles happily when hearing the rumors and derisive words against him.Such an aff

14、able character makes him the hero of my daily conservation.,各类修饰成分,前置定状语1,名词,名词,college student,service counter,youth hostel,前置定状语2,形容词,名词或代词,financial crisis,the most striking one,前置定状语3,副词,动词、形容词、副词、句子,The advent of Internet radically change peoples lives.,This is a quite amazing picture,Additiona

15、lly,youngsters play hockey well.,I close the door terribly hard.,前置定状语4,如果你放了我，我会感谢你。,I will appreciate it if you set me free.,I will sincerely appreciate it if you set me free.,I will sincerely/wholeheartedly/cordially appreciate it if you totally/thoroughly set me free.,I will sincerely appreciate

16、 it if you totally set me free.,前置定状语5,这栋大楼超出我的想象。,This building is beyond my imagination.,This tall building is beyond my imagination.,This tall/huge/gigantic/fantastic/marvelous gorgeous/miraculous/magnificent building is beyond my imagination.,前置定状语6,This tall and even huge building is beyond my

17、wildest imagination.,这栋大楼超出我的想象。,This fantastic and even gorgeous building is beyond my wildest imagination.,This fantastically gorgeous building is beyond my wildest imagination.,前置定状语7,必须采取一些措施来改变现状。,Measures must be taken to change the current situation.,Good/effective/efficient/practical/drastic

18、 measures must be taken to change the current situation.,前置定状语8,必须采取一些措施来改变现状。,Measures must be taken to change the current situation.,Practical and effective measures must be taken to change the tragic/awful/deplorable current situation.,后置定状语1,什么是长定语和长状语？,包含有主动结构或动宾结构的定语和状语分别被称为长定语和长状语,后置定状语2,一位脸上

19、长满雀斑的老太太做的豆腐,老太太做的,豆腐,老太太做的,豆腐,一位脸上长满雀斑的,老太太,一位脸上长满雀斑的,老太太,后置定状语3,一位脸上长满雀斑的老太太做的豆腐,后置定状语4,一位脸上长满雀斑的老太太做的豆腐,The tofu,后置定状语5,一位脸上长满雀斑的老太太做的豆腐,The tofu made by an old lady,后置定状语5,一位脸上长满雀斑的老太太做的豆腐,The tofu made by an old lady with freckles,后置定状语5,一位脸上长满雀斑的老太太做的豆腐,The tofu made by an old lady with freckl

20、es on her entire face,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,在看阿凡达的,他,在看阿凡达的,他,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南

21、区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner watching Avatar.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner watching Avata

22、r in Room 301.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner watching Avatar in Room 301 on the third floor.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner watching Avatar in Room 301 on th

23、e third floor of the newly-opened library.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner watching Avatar in Room 301 on the third floor of the newly-opened library in the southwestern district.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的

24、301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner watching Avatar in Room 301 on the third floor of the newly-opened library in the southwestern district of the new campus.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner watching Avatar in Room

25、 301 on the third floor of the newly-opened library in the southwestern district of the new campus of New Oriental University.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner watching Avatar in Room 301 on the third floor of the newly-opened libr

26、ary in the southwestern district of the new campus of New Oriental University located five kilometers away from the central park.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him(to)sit at the corner watching Avatar in Room 301 on the third floor of the newly-opened l

27、ibrary in the southwestern district of the new campus of New Oriental University located five kilometers away from the central park in the largest city.,后置定状语6,我在中国最大的沿海城市的中心公园五公里外的新东方大学新校园西南区域新落成的图书馆三楼的301教室发现了蹲在角落看阿凡达的他。,I find him sitting at the corner watching Avatar in Room 301 on the third flo

28、or of the newly-opened library in the southwestern district of the new campus of New Oriental University located five kilometers away from the central park in the largest city along the coastal line of China.,逻辑性和连贯性1,我家门前有条河，臭了将近10年。每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且要屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开

29、始治理这条河了。,逻辑性和连贯性2,我家门前有条河，臭了将近10年。,There is a river in front of my house.,There is a river near my house.,There is a river neighboring my house.,The river has been smelly for almost 10 years.,逻辑性和连贯性3,每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。,逻辑性和连贯性3,每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。,I have to walk faster.

30、,逻辑性和连贯性3,每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。,I have to walk faster and hold my breath.,逻辑性和连贯性3,每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。,I have to walk faster and hold my breath in case that my lung should be infected.,逻辑性和连贯性3,每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。,Every time I pass along the river,I have to wa

31、lk faster and hold my breath in case that my lung should be infected.,逻辑性和连贯性3,每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。,Every time passing along the river,I have to walk faster and hold my breath in case that my lung should be infected.,逻辑性和连贯性4,最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。,逻辑性和连贯性4,最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。,Recently,I

32、 surprisingly find that,逻辑性和连贯性4,最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。,Recently,to my surprise,逻辑性和连贯性4,最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。,Recently,to my surprise,fish can be spotted in the river.,逻辑性和连贯性4,最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。,Recently,to my surprise,bumping fish can be spotted in the river.,逻辑性和连贯性4,最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。,To my su

33、rprise,bumping fish can be spotted in the river now.,逻辑性和连贯性5,爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开始治理这条河了。,逻辑性和连贯性5,爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开始治理这条河了。,My parents tell me that,逻辑性和连贯性5,爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开始治理这条河了。,My parents tell me that the government has been,逻辑性和连贯性5,爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开始治理这条河了。,My parents tell me that the government has been cleanin

34、g/purifying the water in it since the last week.,逻辑性和连贯性6,我家门前有条河，臭了将近10年。每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且要屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开始治理这条河了。,逻辑性和连贯性6,我家门前有条臭了将近10年的河。每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且要屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开始治理这条河了。,逻辑性和连贯性6,我家门前有条臭了将近10年的河。因此，每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且要屏住呼

35、吸，以免肺部受到感染。最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开始治理这条河了。,逻辑性和连贯性6,我家门前有条臭了将近10年的河。因此，每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且要屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。然而，最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开始治理这条河了。,逻辑性和连贯性6,我家门前有条臭了将近10年的河。因此，每次经过这条河，我都不得不加快步伐并且要屏住呼吸，以免肺部受到感染。然而，最近我惊奇地发现河里竟有活蹦乱跳的鱼了。后来，爸妈告诉我政府从上周就开始治理这条河了。,逻辑性和连贯性7,There is a river near my

36、 house.The river has been smelly for almost 10 years.As a result,every time passing along the river,I have to walk faster and hold my breath in case that my lung should be infected.To my surprise,however,bumping fishes can be spotted in the river now.Later,my parents tell me that the government has

37、been cleaning the water in it since the last week.,逻辑性和连贯性8,There is a river near my house.The river has been smelly for almost 10 years.,逻辑性和连贯性8,There is a river near my house which has been smelly for almost 10 years.,There is a river which has been smelly for almost 10 years near my house.,There

38、 is a river,which has been smelly for almost 10 years,near my house.,Near my house is a river which has been smelly for almost 10 years.,逻辑性和连贯性9,夜深了，我回到家，发现大门已经关了。我悄悄翻过墙，进入院子，生怕吵醒父母。,逻辑性和连贯性10,Late at night,I came back home,only to find the gate closed.As a result,I quietly climbed over the wall in

39、to the yard,for fearing/in case that my parents should be woken.,句型变换,丰富的句型受rater和考官青睐,A对B很重要1,句型一：A is important to B.,A is quite/extremely/excessively/enormously important to B.,A is quite/extremely/excessively/enormously important/significant/essential/cardinal/vital to B.,A对B很重要2,犯错误对人的成长至关重要。,犯

40、错误对人的成长至关重要。,A,B,Making mistakes is of enormous importance to ones growing up.,Making mistakes is excessively important to ones growing up.,A对B很重要3,句型二：A is of importance to B.,A is of great/enormous/remarkable/excessive/vital importance to B.,说真话对一个人的心理健康有好处。,To tell the truth is of remarkable impo

41、rtance to ones psychological health.,A对B很重要4,句型三：A plays an important part/role in B.,智能软件在多媒体教学中发挥着重要作用。,A plays a/an important/significant/pivotal/essential part/role in B.,Intelligent software play a pivotal role in multimedia teaching.,A对B很重要5,句型四：The importance of A to B can never be exaggerate

42、d/denied/ignored/doubted.,从海外进口蔬菜和水果刺激本国农业发展。,The importance of importing vegetables and fruits to the local agricultural development.,A对B很重要6,句型五：A means a lot/a great deal/much to B.,体育锻炼有助于身心健康。,Physical exercises mean a lot to sound bodies and minds.,A对B很重要7,句型六：B cannot live/develop/grow/surviv

43、e without A.,Friendship cannot develop without contacting each other at a regular basis.,时常联系才能使友谊更长久。,A对B很重要8,句型七：A is everything/the whole world to B.,As for many merchants,handsome profits are everything to the survival of their companies.,对于大部分商人来说，丰厚的利润是公司生存的全部。,A对B很重要9,句型八：A paves the way for

44、B.,独立思考有助于个人成功。,Independent thinking paves the way for personal success.,A对B很重要10,句型九：A is the instrument of B.,Receiving the higher education is the instrument of gaining satisfying salaries in the future.,接受高等教育是未来获得高薪的重要首段。,A对B很重要11,句型十：A matters/counts to B.,The programs of TV shopping count to

45、the popularization of products.,电视购物节目对于推广产品来说至关重要。,A对B很重要12,句型十一：Nothing is more important to B than A.,旅游可以丰富人生阅历。,没有什么比旅游更好的方式用来丰富人生阅历的了。,Nothing is more important to enriching ones experience than traveling.,A对B很重要13,句型十二：Nothing is the match of A to B.,Nothing is the match of looking into the d

46、istance to relieving visual fatigue.,再也没有什么比眺望远处和缓解视觉疲劳更好的完美组合了。,A对B很重要14,句型十三：A is to B what the foundation is to a skyscraper/water is to fish/the heart is to a human.,Vocabulary and pronunciation are to a language what the foundation is to a skyscraper.,词汇和发音是语言的基石。,A对B不利1,句型一：A is harmful to B.,

47、A is extremely/excessively/potentially/particularly harmful to B.,吸烟有害健康。,Smoking is extremely harmful to peoples health.,A is extremely/excessively/potentially/particularly harmful/detrimental/poisonous/evil to B.,A对B不利2,句型二：A is the barrier/obstacle of B.,封建迷信思想阻碍社会的进步。,Feudal and superstitious th

48、oughts are the barrier of the social development.,A对B不利3,句型三：A blocks the way for B.,Excessive concentration on test results blocks the way for acquiring practical knowledge and learning effective methods.,过分关注考试成绩将阻碍学生们学切实有效的知识和方法。,A对B不利4,句型四：A harm the chances for/reduce the possibilities of/kill

49、the opportunities to B.,固执己见不利于组织集体活动。,Stubbornness harms the chances for organizing group activities.,A对B不利5,句型五：A serves as a poor guide to B.,Inertia serves as a poor guide to personal career development.,不思进取阻碍个人发展。,A对B不利6,句型六：A prevents B from increasing/developing/making progress/booming/advan

50、cing.,A stingy guy prevents him from making more friends.,小气之人交不到很多朋友。,句型变换之强调句1,It is 被强调部分 that(who)原句剩余部分,句型变换之强调句2,It is in the family of native speakers that you can learn the language most effectively.,You can learn the language most effectively in the family of native speakers.,句型变换之强调句3,It i