GRE逻辑阅读的批判思维应该怎么训练.doc

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1、GRE逻辑阅读的批判思维应该怎么训练 GRE逻辑阅读的批判思维应该怎么训练,我们来看看吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。GRE逻辑阅读的批判思维应该怎么训练大家首先需要明确的一点是，批判思维能力并不是某种特定的解题方法和技巧，而是更进一步的思维方式层面上的能力。这也就意味着考生仅靠大量做题的题海战术是不够的，因为做题只能提升你对解题方式的熟练度，于解题思维并无太大助益。真正有效的方式是通过日常的思维训练来进行加强。简单来说，就是带着批判质疑的观点来看待问题。以广告为例，日常生活中广告无处不在，这些广告大多都是打的感情牌，本身的逻辑往往存在不少漏洞。大家可以尝试着去用批判思维来看待这些广告，自

2、己去寻找发现这些逻辑漏洞，对于其中的一些卖点如何加强、削弱等等。通过这种方式来提升自己的批判思维。多开动脑筋，把GRE逻辑阅读解题中的各种思路和方法都运用到生活中，不用多久你的批判思维能力就会得到显著提升，面对GRE逻辑阅读也会更加游刃有余。增加课外阅读量锻炼批判思维通过阅读来提升能力对于整个GRE语文VERBAL部分的考试来说都是通用的，而具体到不同题型则还是会有所区别。假如大家想要提升逻辑阅读的批判思维，那么就应该拓展课外阅读量，特别是要增加争议性*内容的阅读。比如一些经济类政治类话题的公开讨论，双方发表的不同观点等，往往都有较大争议，互相辩驳相持不下。通过阅读涉及到这些内容的*，考生也能

3、够学习到不少逻辑思维方面的技巧，如何发现对立观点的逻辑漏洞，怎样加强己方观点的说服力，这些都有助于大家锻炼自己的批判思维能力。练好批判思维作文也受益众所周知，批判思维重点在于发现逻辑漏洞。而在GRE两篇作文中，Argument作文也是类似于对给出题材和观点进行辩驳攻击的驳论文。许多考生写不好Argument作文，正是因为缺乏批判思维，无法找到找准题目中最主要关键的各类逻辑漏洞。假如大家能够练好批判思维，那么在Argument作文的写作中，也能够更快发现问题，更为顺利地写好*。练好批判思维，GRE作文同样受益匪浅。The European Union budgetThe gourmands of

4、 Brussels欧盟预算：布鲁塞尔的贪食者The EU may be spending less, but the cost of running it is rising欧盟也许会削减开支，但是运营成本在增加THE European Union is on the verge of cutting its spending for the first time ever. A 3% cut in real terms will save 34 billion ($47 billion) from the seven-year budget framework for 20XX-20. Fo

5、r Britains David Cameron, who pressed the hardest for a cut, this is a triumph. But every silver lining has a cloud: EU spending on administration will still rise, by a total of 8% in real terms.欧盟是第一次面临削减开支。按实值计算，削减3%意味着从7年期(20XX-2020年)的预算框架中节省340亿欧元(合470亿美元)。对于坚决支持削减政策的英国首相大卫卡梅伦来说，这算是一大胜利。但并非事事如人愿

6、：欧盟的行政费用仍将增加，按实值计算总计会达到八个百分点。The sums involved are relatively small: the total budget is only 1% of EU GDP, and just 6% of this goes on administration. Yet it has political resonance. Taxpayers do not like paying for civil servants at the best of times. Spending more on Brussels bureaucrats at a tim

7、e of deep recession and high unemployment is even harder to swallow.所涉及的金额只是相对较小的一部分：整体预算是只占欧盟GDP的1%，可预算的6%会用于行政开支。然而这有着政治上的共鸣。即使是在最好的时代，纳税人也不愿意给公务员买单。而在经济严重衰退和高失业率的状况下，多给布鲁塞尔官员任何一分钱都比以往时候更难让民众接受。A European Commission spokesman likens EU governments to a restaurant customer who wants more, better an

8、d cheaper food. But the EU institutions could do more and better for less. There is plenty of fat to trim: generous tax breaks, far higher average pay than in national governments and benefits that include a 16% expat top-up and payment for childrens education until they are 26.欧盟委员会一发言人将欧盟政府比作餐馆的食客

9、，他们想要更多品质更好的食物，却希望价格更便宜。但是欧盟机构可以做到这一点。因为有很多地方可以“瘦身”：慷慨地减免所得税，远比国家政府高的平均工资水平以及优渥的福利待遇，这里的福利包括在国外工作的人追加16%的补贴，对欧盟官员子女的教育津贴的年限延长至26岁。A rare chance to cut back was missed when staff regulations were renegotiated this year. Barring a few concessions, such as a 5% headcount cut by 20XX and a rise in the p

10、ension age to 66, reforms were few. Hardly any change was made to allowances, or to automatic promotions and salary rises, and there was no big pension reform, even though this is a growing concern for Brussels as well as for national governments.今年人事条例再次协商的时候，错失了一次难得的削减开支的机会。会议上做出了一些小让步，比如：到20XX年为止

11、，裁员5%以及将退休年龄提至66岁，但除此之外，几乎没有什么改革。补贴或是自动升职和加薪方面几乎没有变动，而且官员的养老金方面也无大改革，无论是在欧盟还是各国政府，这方面的改革都是备受关注。Trimming running costs is something most EU governments have been doing assiduously. Spain cut pay by 5% in 20XX; Ireland did even more, cutting it by 5-15%. In Britain, as part of plans to cut costs by a

12、third by 20XX, the central government pay-bill was cut by6.3% in real terms between 20XX-20XX. Yet EU salaries have continued to rise in the past four years.削减运营成本是大部分欧盟政府一直努力在做的事。20XX年西班牙削减了5%的支出;爱尔兰削减的更多，比例高达5%-15%。作为计划的一部分，英国截至20XX年将开支降低三分之一，20XX-20XX年的政府工资单按实值计算已经削减了6.3%。但是过去四年，欧盟官员的薪金一直在增加。If i

13、nstitutions that so often propose reforms do little at home, it gives less hope for changes in costlier policies. The Brussels defence is that administrative spending is “tiny”, so reducing it will make little difference. But the appearance of indulgence weakens the EUs reputation at a time when mos

14、t polls show citizens everywhere have lost faith in it.假如机构经常提议改革却不从自身做起的话，那么想对成本更高的政策做出变革的希望会更加渺茫。布鲁塞尔的官员辩解称，行政支出是“很小”的一部分，所以削减它并不会造成什么差别。但是，恣意放纵的表相一度弱化了欧盟的声誉，许多的民调显示各地的市民们都对欧盟失去了信心。Later this month, European parliamentarians and their entourages are planning to travel to Strasbourg to vote through

15、 the rise in the EUs administration budget. The 200mannualcost of this travelling circus is hardly huge, but most European taxpayers still see it for the incomprehensible extravagance it is.本月下旬，欧洲议会议员和他们的随行者正在计划前往斯塔拉斯堡，就提高欧盟行政预算进行投票表决。每年用于巡回访问的200亿欧元的费用并不算是个大数目，但是许多欧洲纳税人仍然将其视做无法理喻的奢侈消费。GRE阅读长难句解析In

16、 addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomers Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expressio

17、n ? (5)不仅如此，有些黑人小说(比如JT的甘蔗)的风格接近与表现主义和超现实主义;这种技巧是否为流行的主题提供了一个和谐的对应呢?这种主题刻画了黑人注意与之相抗争的命运，这是一个通常用更为自然主义的表现手法所表达的主题。难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语解释：在本句中有三个词需要先解释一番：verge on这个词组是接近于、濒于的意思，hero在文学作品中是主人公的意思，pit作动词时，除了挖坑、窖藏之外，还有使竞争、使斗争的意思，其英文释义为：to set as gamecocks into or as if into a pit to fight, to set into oppositio

18、n or rivalry usually used with against.在此用的是后一种语义的被动语态fate againt which Black heros are pitted.如果用主动语态则是：pit black heros againt fate。另外本句的结构复杂，分号之后是一个一般疑问句，但是由于修饰成分过多，过长，使得读者看不清楚这个句子在问什么。其实如果没有最后的那个prevalent theme的同位语a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression，本句会易懂得多。GRE阅读长难句解

19、析精选Under the force of this view，it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action，it might also be a means to distort truth and a

20、 source of misguided action)to the status of being wholly condemned.在这种观点的力量作用下，一件或许是不可避免的事情发生了：修辞艺术竟然从被视和具有让人怀疑的价值这样一种地位(因为尽管它有可能既构成一种歪曲真理的手段和误导行为的*)转变到彻底遭谴责的地位。难句类型：插入语难点解析：本句的插入语堪称GRE和GMAT考试中最长的插入语之一。笔者曾在本书前面的讲解中强调过，这种插入语(三行以上)一定要在阅读中毫不犹豫地跳过，读完整个句子后再来读它。否则不但句意无法衔接，而且类似于本句中的fromto的固定搭配，也会在插入语的干扰下远

21、隔千山万水，在读者的大脑中永无聚首之日。结构划分：Under the force /of this view，it was perhaps inevitable /that the art of rhetoric /should pass from /the status of /being regarded as /of questionable worth /(because although /it might be /both a source of pleasure /and a means /to urge people to right action，/it might also /be a means /to distort truth /and a source of /misguided action)/to the status of /being wholly condemned.