化学工程与工艺专业英语课后习题答案.ppt

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1、General Review,Exercise for Unit 1:Chemical Inductry,plete the summary of the text(1)the Industrial Revolution(2)organic chemical(3)contact process(4)Haber process(5)synthetic polymers(6)intermediates,(7)artificial fertilizers(8)crop protection chemicals(9)technology(10)pharmaceutical(11)research an

2、d development(12)petrochemical(13)automatic controll equipment(14)capital rather-than-labor intensive,3.Put the following into Chinesecarbonate（碳酸盐）polypropylene（聚丙烯）epoxy（环氧基）vinyl（乙烯基）acetate（醋酸盐）pharmaceutical（药物的）spectrum（光谱）formaldehyde（甲醛）silica（硅石）ammonium（铵离子）polyester（聚酯）the lions share（大份额

3、）,4.Put the following into English钠 Na(sodium)钾 K(potassium)磷 P(phosphur)氨(ammonia)聚合物(polymer)聚乙烯(polyethylene)氯化物(chloride)粘度(viscosity)烃(hydrocarbon)催化剂(catalyst)炼油厂(refinery)添加剂(additives),Supplementary Exercise 1:Nomenclature of chemical elements in the first three short periods,1.氢原子的英文名称是什么含义

4、？答案：氢原子的英文名称hydrogen是由hydro（水）+gen（产生）合成的单词，表示“水之来源”。2.氦的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：氦原子的英文名称helium，首次被从太阳光谱分析中确认，使用希腊神话中太阳神“Helios”的名字命名。,3.钠原子的英文名称是什么？钠的元素符号为什么不是英文名称的第一个字母？答案：钠原子的英文名称sodium来源于阿拉伯语suda，而钠的元素符号来源于它的拉丁文名称natron的第一个字母，所以有不同的表示。4.磷的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：磷原子的英文名称phosphorus是由phos（光）+phor（fer带来）的合成词，表示“

5、带来光”之意。反映出有些磷化合物在黑暗中发光的事实。,Exercises for Unit 2:Research and Development,1.Complete the summary of the text(1)R&D(2)ideas and knowledge(3)processes and products(4)fundamental(5)applied(6)product development,(7)an existing product(8)pilot-plant(9)profitability(10)environmental impact(11)pollution(12)

6、technical support(13)process improvement(14)effluent treatment(15)pharmaceuticals,3.Put the following into Chinese:quantum（量子）strain（菌株）mould（霉菌）phenol（苯酚）sulphate（硫酸盐）carbide（碳化物）foul（发臭的）scrub（洗涤）semi-technical（半技术的）fermenter（发酵器）CFC=chloroflurocarbon（氯氟化碳 或 氯氟烃）refrigerant（制冷剂）,4.Put the followin

7、g into English：试剂(reagent)单体(monomer)丙酮(acetone or propanone or dimethyl ketone)脉动(fluctuation or pulsation)乙炔(acetylene or ethyne)硫(sulphur or sulfur)盐酸(hydrochloric acid)停车时间(down time or shut down time),杂质(impurity)反应器(reactor)（使）优化(to optimize)纯度(purity),Supplementary Exercise 2:Nomenclature of

8、Chemical Elements in the Fourth Period,1.钾元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？说出钾原子的元素符号来源。答案：钾元素的英文名称potassium是由pot（锅）+ash（灰）再加上表示活泼金属后缀-ium的合成词，表示“锅灰”；钾原子的元素符号来源于它的拉丁文名称kalium的第一个字母。,2.钛元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：钛元素的英文名称是titanium，源于希腊神话中的巨人神“Titan”。3 为什么铁原子的英文名称和元素符号不一致？答案：铁原子的英文名称iron是从拉丁语的矿石 aes，或德语eisen铁的光泽和冰 eis 相似而得来

9、。元素符号Fe来自拉丁语firrus“坚硬”的第一个字母。,4.镓元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：镓元素的英文名称为gallium，是由法国人根据他祖国的拉丁语名（Gallia）命名。,Exercises for Unit 3:Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers,1.Complete the notes below(1)mechanical(2)electrical(3)civil(4)scale up(5)commercial scale(6)reactors,(7)distillation columns(8)pumps(9)contr

10、oll and instrumentation(10)mathematics(11)industry(12)academia(13)steam(14)cooling water,3.Put the following into Chinesereactant（反应物）distillation（蒸馏）compressor（压缩机）pilot-plant（中试工厂）specification（详述）flow sheet（流程图）nozzle（喷嘴）corrosion（腐蚀）sensor（传感器）atrophy（萎缩）on-line（在线）commission（服役）,4.Put the follo

11、wing into English间歇的(intermittent)反应器(reactor)放大(scale up or magnify)热交换器(heat exchanger)创新(innovation)术语(terminology)阀(valve)流程图(flow sheet or flow chart)梯度(gradient)组成(composition)杂质(impurity)模拟(simulation),Supplementary Exercise 3:Nomenclature of Chemical Elements in the Fifth Period,1.鍀元素的英文名称是什

12、么？有什么含义？答案：鍀元素的英文名称是technetium，是美国加州大学在加速器上用重质子轰击42号元素钼得到。因为是人工合成元素，使用了希腊语中人造（technikos）一词命名。2.分别写出锡元素的英文名称和元素符号，元素符号的来源是什么？,答案：锡的英文名称是tin，元素符号为Sn。锡在古代就为人知，它的元素符号是根据拉丁语名称Stannum 得来。3 氙元素的英文名称和元素符号是什么？它的英文名称有什么含义？答案：氙元素的英文名称是xenon，元素符号Xe。在分馏液态空气时，先得到氖，接着是氪，然后从最不易挥发的部分发现了氙。它的语源 xenos 在希腊语中是“外国人及难以亲近之人

13、：的意思。,Exercises for Unit 4:Sources of Chemicals,1.Cpmplete the summary of the text:(1)inorganic chemicals(2)derive from(3)petrochemical process(4)Metallic ores(5)extraction process,(6)non-renewable resources(7)renewable resources(8)energy sources(9)fermentation(10)selective(11)raw material(12)separa

14、tion and purification(13)food industryviz=videlicet(read namely),3.Put the following into Chinese:covalent（共价的）isomerism（异构现象）froth flotation（泡沫浮选）borate（硼酸盐）fluorite（氟化物）amino（氨基）hydrolysis（水解）ester（酯）naphthene（环烷烃）naphtha（石脑油）enzymic（酶的）xylene（二甲苯）,4.Put the following into English:氢氧化物(hydroxide)脂

15、肪族的(aliphatic)芳香族的(aromatic)甲烷(methane)酯(ester)不饱和的(unsaturated)烯烃(alkene)烷烃(alkane),Supplementary Exercise 4:Nomenclature of chemical elements in the sixth period,1.镧系元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：镧系元素的英文名称是lanthanide，是由希腊语 lanthanein（隐藏）得来。因为这个系列中一共“隐藏”着15个元素。,2.钨元素的英文名称是什么？它化学元素符号出自何处？答案：钨元素的英文名称是tungsten，

16、在 瑞典语中是“重石头”的意思。从前，人们在精炼锡的时候了解到，如果将锡矿石和和钨矿石混合，可形成复合物。于是也就把这种“像狼那样贪婪地吞食锡”的矿石称为 wolfart（狼矿石），而将钨元素命名为钨（wolfram）。现在虽然这种元素的名字叫 tungsten，但元素符号仍用W。,3.铅元素的英文名称是什么？它的化学元素符号出自何处？铅的英文名称是lead，而元素符号为 Pb，取自拉丁文 plumbum（铅），但它的词源还不明确。4.金元素的英文名称是什么？它的化学元素符号出自何处？金的英文名 gold 是从印欧语的 ghel（黄金）而来，元素符号 Au 是从拉丁语 aurum 而来。,5

17、元素铕的英文名称是什么？有何含义？铕元素的英文名称是europium，就是欧洲Europ的意思。6 元素钆的英文名称是什么？有何含义？钆的英文名称是gadolinium，其命名是为了赞扬最初发现稀土元素钇（Y）的 Gadolin 的功绩。,7.有四个稀土化学元素均以瑞典的一个城市命名，这个城市的英文名称是什么？这四个被以此命名的化学元素的英文名称、中文名称以及元素符号是什么？答案：这个城市的英文名称是Ytterby。四个以该城市命名的元素分别为39号元素钇（yttrium）元素符号Y；65号元素铽（terbium）元素符号 Tb；68号元素铒（erbium）元素符号Er以及第70号元素鐿（yt

18、terbium）元素符号Yb。,Exercises for Unit Five:Basic Chemicals,1.Summarize the information on the two sectors of chemical industry by completing the table below:,3.Put the following into Chinese:commodity（日用品）ether（醚）speciality（特殊品）end-product（最终产物）on ones toes（准备行动）elastomer（高弹性体）hydrate（水化物）plasticizer（增

19、塑剂）sulphonate（磺化）formulate（配方）metallurgy（冶金学）phosphoric acid（磷酸）,4.Put the following into English:烷基(alkyl)芳基(aryl)乙基(ethyl)丁基(butyl)离子(ion)乙醇(ethanol or ethyl alcohol)甲醇(methanol or methyl alcohol)醋酸(acetic acid or ethanoic acid)均相的(homogeneous)系数(coefficient)摩擦(friction or abrasion)无排放的(emission-f

20、ree or zero discharge),Supplementary Exercise 5:Nomenclature of chemical elements in the seventh period,1.写出镭元素的英文名称，它的含义是什么？答案：镭元素的英文名称是radium，该元素为居里夫妇所发现。因为该元素能发出射线，根据拉丁语“放射”（radius）命名。2.锕系元素的英文名称是什么？其含义是什么？答案：锕系元素的英文名称是actinides，因为它们能发出射线，所以以希腊语表示光线的词汇（aktis，aktinos）命名。,3.以居里夫人名字命名的元素是什么？写出它的中文和英

21、文名称。答案：以居里夫人名字Curie命名的元素是锔（Curium）。4.以天王星，海王星，以及冥王星命名的元素分别是什么？写出它们的中文和英文名称。答案：以天王星，海王星，以及冥王星命名的元素分别是铀（uranium），镎（neptunium）和钚（plutonium）。,Exercises for Unit 6:Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes,1.Summarize the information on the main products in the chlor-alkali and sufuric acid sectors,by completin

22、g the following table.,3.Put the following into Chineseoleum（油）mercury（汞 或 水银）soda ash（苏打灰 或 纯碱）metathesis（复分解 或 置换）PVC（聚氯乙烯）alkaline（碱性）desulphurisation（脱硫）membrane（膜）carbonate（碳酸盐）,caustic sodium（苛性钠 或 氢氧化钠）proton（质子）polytetrafluoroethylene（聚四氟乙烯）,4.Put the following into English电解(electrolysis)分解

23、(decomposition)氯化物(chloride)还原(reduction)催化剂(catalyst)氧化反应(oxidation reaction)动力学(kinetics)沉淀(precipitation or sedimentation)钙(calcium)镁(magnesium)树脂(resin)表面活性剂(surfactant or surface-active agent),Supplementary Exercise 6:Nomenclature of organic compounds,1.Write out the molecular structures for th

24、e following organic compounds1）1-bromo-3-ethyl-5-methylcyclohexane(1-溴-3-乙基-5-甲基环己烷),2.Name the following organic compounds,Exercises for Unit 7:Ammonia,Nitric Acid and Urea,1.Completing the follow paragraph about the ammonia synthesis process:(1)kinetically inert(2)iron compound(3)exothermic(4)one-

25、pass yield(5)efficiency,(6)lower pressures(7)higher temperatures(8)capital(9)energy(10)methane and water(11)carbondioxide(12)gas stream(13)shift reaction(14)methane(15)3:1,3.Put the following into Chinese:soda ash（苏打灰 或 纯碱）refractory（耐火的）silicate（硅酸盐）chromatography（色谱）mercury（汞 或 水银）alkaline（碱性的）des

26、ulphurisation（脱硫）membrane（膜）anode（阳极）cathode（阴极）contaminate（污染）inert（惰性的）,4.Put the following into English:电解(electrolysis)分解(decomposition)复分解(metathesis)还原(reduction or restoration)沉淀(precipitation or sedimentation)结晶(crystallization)过滤(filtration)吸收(adsorption)溶解度(solubility)溶度积(solubility produc

27、t)放热的(exothermic)平衡(equilibrium or balance),Supplementary Exercise 7:Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds and Organometallics,1.Write the formula for each of the following coordination compounds:(1)dibromotetraammineruthenium(III)nitrate.答案：RuBr2(NH3)4NO3(2)chloroaquobis(ethylenediamine)rhodium(II

28、I)chloride.答案：RhCl(H2O)(en)2Cl2,(3)calcium dioxalatodiamminecobaltate(III).答案：CaCo(C2O4)2(NH3)22(4)octaammine-m-amido-m-hydroxodicobalt(III)sulfate.答案：(NH3)4Co(m-NH2)(m-OH)Co(NH3)4(SO4)2(5)sodium dithiosulfato-S-argentate(I).答案：Na3Ag(SSO3)2,2.Name each of the following compounds:(1)Co(NH3)62(SO3)3答案

29、：hexaamminecobalt(III)sulfate 硫酸六氨合钴（III）(2)Pt(en)Cl4答案：tetrachloro(ethylenediamine)platinum(IV)四氯乙二胺合铂（IV）(3)NH4Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4答案：ammonium diamminetetrathiocyanato-N-chromate(III)二氨四-N-硫氰合钴（III）酸铵,(4)K4Ni(CN)4答案：potassium tetracyanonickelate(0)四氰合镍(0)酸钾,3.White out the names for the following organo

30、metallic compounds,Exercises for Unit 8:Petroleum Processing,1.Complete the summary of Reading Material 8:(1)organic chemicals(2)hydrogen to carbon ratio(3)high temperature carbonization(4)crude tar(5)pyrolysis,(6)poor selectivity(7)consumption of hydrogen(8)pilot-plant stage(9)developing and improv

31、ing(10)fludized bed(11)Gasification of coal(12)methane,2.Put the following into Chineseantiknock（抗震的）alkylation（烷基化）finishing（最终加工）desalt（脱盐）differentiate（区分）diesel oil（柴油）lubricating oil（润滑油）precursor（先驱）stripper（汽提塔）carbonium（碳正离子）radical（自由基）predominate（支配）degradation（降解）heterocyclic（异环的）stationa

32、ry（静止的）in situ（原位）,3.Put the following into English管式的(tubular)加氢裂解(hydrocracking)异构化(isomerism)组成(constituente or component)热解(pyrolysis or thermal decomposition)腐蚀(corrosion or corrode or errode)残余物(residue)液化石油气(liquefied petroleum gas)脱氢(dehydrogenation)芳构化(aromatization),专利(patent)参数(parameter)

33、降解(degradation)定量地(quantitatively)定性地(qualitatively)选择性(selectivity),Supplementary Exercise 8:English Words from Greek Roots（1）,Choose the correct answers to fill blanks for the following sentences：1.It is not too_D_ to make a selection from the box,since the contents are homogeneous.(A)costly(B)eas

34、y(C)soon(D)difficult(E)inexpensive,2.In an autocracy,all power is vested to the_E_.(A)noble man(B)people(C)wealthy(D)clergy(E)ruler3.Automation has made the cloth-washing process_D_.(A)unnecessary(B)burdensome(C)unorthodox(D)self-operating(E)democratic,4.A study of the rulers genealogy will acquaint

35、 you with his_B_.(A)life(B)descent(C)beliefs(D)government(E)education5.An autopsy should reveal the true cause of the patients_A_.(A)decease(B)replace(C)complains(D)dissatisfaction(E)illness,6.We are forbidden to use_B_,since our act is to be a pantomime.(A)costumes(B)words(C)frowns(D)gestures(D)smi

36、les7.A photometer measures_A_.(A)light intensity(B)distance traveled(C)atmospheric pressure(D)speed(E)time,8.If the account is from an authentic source,you should not_C_ it(A)believe(B)settle(C)doubt(D)read(E)trust9.It is entirely normal for a child of two to be under the care of a(an)_E_.(A)orthodo

37、ntist(B)demagogue(C)orthopedist(D)pedagogue(E)pediatrician,10.Among the nations participating in the_D_ conference were Burma and Pakistan.(A)Pan-African(B)Pan-American(C)Pan-Arabian(D)Pan-Asiatic(E)Pan-European,Exercises for Unit 9:Polymers,1.Complete the table below:,2.Put the following into Chine

38、seoligomer（寡聚物 或 低聚物）macromer（高聚物）copolymer（共聚物）propagation（增长）vulcanization（硫化）stiffness（韧性）fabricate（制造）linear（线性的）reproducibility（重现性）residence time（停留时间）,coagulation（凝结）foresight（远见 或 先见）coordination（配合）stereochemical（立体化学的）plug flow（活塞式流动）injection-moulding（注射模塑法）,3.Put the following into Engli

39、sh官能团(functional group)单体(monomer)构架(frame)模数(modulus)复合材料(composite)非均相的(heterogeneous or non-homogeneous)潜热(latent heat)显热(apparent heat)热固性的(thermoset)热塑性的(thermoplastic)无定形的(amorphous)交联(cross-link),随机的(random)等温的(isothermal)吸附(adsorption)离心(centrifuge),Supplementary Exercise 9:English Words fro

40、m Greek Roots（2）,Choose the correct words to fill the blanks of following sentences.1.An error is considered _E_ if it appears in the printed text but not in the authors manuscript.(A)graphic(B)authentic(C)anonymous(D)unavoidable(E)typographical,2.A gastronome has a keen interest in _A_.(A)good eati

41、ng(B)crop rotation(C)the stars(D)soil management(E)maps3.The famous showman P.T.Barnum is remembered for his _B_“There is a sucker born every minute.”(A)cryptogram(B)epigram(C)anagram(D)monograph(E)acronym,4.One of the topics studied in _D_ is the rotation of crops.(A)automation(B)gastronomy(C)taxid

42、ermy(D)husbandry(E)cartography5.“Buzz”and“hum”are not homonyms because they _D_.(A)sound alike(B)are opposites(C)mean the same(D)sound different(E)are spelled differently,6.All the novels we have studied this year have had a man as the leading character.Its about time we had a female _D_.(A)antagoni

43、st(B)prodigy(C)gourmet(D)protagonist(E)phenomenon7.The following names all contain an epithet except _E_.(A)One Punch Nelson(B)Ivan the Terrible,(C)Alexander the Great(D)Wrong Way Corrigan(E)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow8.Antibodies work against _B_.(A)the body(B)toxins(C)the tissues(D)antitoxins(E)the

44、 blood9.Plutocracy is government by _D_.(A)the army(B)mobs(C)the majority(D)the affluent(E)bureaus,10.We associate asters with _C_.(A)the sea(B)printed matter(C)gardens(D)outer space(E)the aristocracy,Exercises for Unit 10:What is Chemical Engineering?,3.Put the following into Chinese:cybernetics（控制

45、论）encyclopedia（百科全书）ethics（伦理学）accessary（附件 或 帮凶）shortcut（捷径）coordinate（配合）expert system（专家系统）,artificial intelligence（人工智能）generalization（通则）proprietary（专有的）interfacial（界面的）off-the-shelf（现成的）,4.Put the following into English：热力学(thermodynamics)动力学(kinetics)力学(dynamics)水力学(hydrodynamics)积分(integral)

46、微分(differential)化学计量(stoichiometry)动量(momentum)有帮助的(instrumental)胶体(gel)连续介质(continuum)定性的(qualitative),Supplementary Exercise 10:Prefixes from Anglo Sax；A Brief Review of English Words from Greek Roots,1.Choose one word whose meaning is irrelevant to other three in each question.(1)-D-(A)careful(B)

47、alert(C)wary(D)upstart(2)-B-(A)approaching(B)foreshadowing(C)forthcoming(D)upcoming,(3)-A-(A)undeceived(B)beguiled(C)misled(D)misinformed(4)-B-(A)biased(B)underprivileged(C)prejudiced(D)unfair(5)-B-(A)unmask(B)ungag(C)expose(D)unveil,(6)-C-(A)abridged(B)incomplete(C)uncut(D)shortened(7)-A-(A)release

48、d(B)shackled(C)restrained(D)confined(8)-C-(A)withdraw(B)unresponsive(C)underdeveloped(D)unsociable,(9)-D-(A)destroy(B)eradicate(C)uproot(D)unscramble(10)-C-(A)underscore(B)underline(C)understudy(D)emphasize(11)-C-(A)ancestor(B)forefather(C)descendant(D)forebear,(12)-D-(A)outlived(B)survived(C)outlas

49、ted(D)outwitted(13)-C-(A)principal(B)foremost(C)latest(D)chief(14)-B-(A)misgiving(B)blunder(C)foreboding(D)presentiment,(15)-A-(A)overcast(B)overburden(C)overload(D)overtax(16)-A-(A)luck(B)foresight(C)prudence(D)forethought(17)-C-(A)output(B)yield(C)surrender(D)product,(18)-D-(A)misfortune(B)mishap(

50、C)mischance(D)mistrust(19)-A-(A)overbearing(B)beguiling(C)deluding(D)misleading(20)-D-(A)prediction(B)prophecy(C)forecast(D)fortune,2.Match the left column with the right one for the next page.,Exercises for Unit 11:Chemical and Process Thermodynamics,2.Put the following into Chinese(be)good for（对.使