初中专项非谓语动词课件详解.ppt
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1、非谓语动词讲解,Nonfinite Verbs,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,1.谓语动词:,概述:,2.非谓语动词:,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。,非谓语动词使用条件,She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.,1 The teachers sitting there a
2、re from other schools.,表语,2 We saw some teachers sitting there.,宾语补足语,3 We need to be active in class.,宾语,谓语,宾语,主语,定语,连系动词,划分句子成分,非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.,4.To see you is glad.=Its glad to see you.5.I want to see you.6.I want him to see you.7.My hope is to see you.8.He is the man to see yo
3、u.9.Im glad to see you.10.I went to see you.11.He went so early as to see you,(作主语),(作宾语),(作宾补),(作表语),(作定语),(作原因状语),(作目的状语),(作结果状语),12.Swimming is his favourite sport.13.He enjoys swimming.14.I found him swimming in the river.15.His favourite sport is swimming.16.He is the man swimming in the river
4、just now.17.Swimming in Summer,we can get cool.,(作主语),(作宾语),(作宾补),(作表语),(作状语),(作定语),动词不定式(The Infinitive),一.动词不定式的基本构成:,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,肯定式:to do sth 否定式:not to do sth.被动式:to be done 完成式:to have done,二.动词不定式的句法作用法,动词不定式有副词,形容词和名词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。,动词不定式,To do that sort
5、 of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,(1)作主语,不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,To see is to believe,Not to get
6、 there in time is your fault.,注:常用it做形式主语,将to do放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。,句型1:It+谓语+to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,句型2:Its+n.+to do,Its our duty _ help the poor.,It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains,句型3:It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.,It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+o
7、f sb to do sth,(是形容人的品质的),(是形容事物的性质的),It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,You are very kind to give me some help.,you are i
8、mpolite to speak to the teacher like that.,常见动词有:,(2)作宾语,I want to know this matter.,like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等,I dont expect to meet you here.,1).,接不定式做宾语,1.They wanted _(get)on
9、 the bus,didnt they?2.He said he wished _(be)a professor.3.I agreed_(go)there with the doctor.4.My daughter preferred _(dance)when she was in her twenties.5.He had promised _(give)me a hand.,B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,explain know,show,discover,see(underst
10、and)He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.I hope youll advise me what to do.,I dont know how to get there.,I havent decided whether to go or stay.,beginstartcontinue,+,to do doing,注意下列动词,likelovehatepreferlearn,+,to dodoing,rememberforgetregret,+,to dodoing,trym
11、eanstopgo on,+,to dodoing,1.Boys,dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A.closingB.closedC.to closingD.to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.rest4.Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A.to turn offB.turn
12、ing offC.turn offD.to turning off,(3)作宾语补足语,(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系),1.Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock.2.Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim_changehismind?4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible.5.He asked me _do the work with him,advise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hat
13、e invite order wishobligewant warn remindpromise permitpersuade request,sb.to do,see watch look athearlisten to feelnotice,+,sb.,+,dodoing done,make lethave,sb.be,seen watched looked atheardlistened to feltnoticed,+,to do,madelet,2).,Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.,Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwouldhav
14、ehim(wait)formeforalongtime.Lookatthehorsejump.,注意:当这类动词转为被动语态时,其后的不定式则要加上“to”如:,He is often heard _ the song,Hewasseen_theroom.,to sing,toenter,4.it作形式宾语,I find/feel to work with him interesting,I find/feel it interesting to work with him,注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。,Subject
15、+find/think/feel/make/consider it+adj/n+to do sth.,1.Wethought_better_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat.4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使句子完整、正确。1.Let me _(help)you _(water)the flowers.
16、2.Little Sandy would love _(take)to the cinema this evening.3.Though he often made his deskmate _(cry),today he was made _(cry)by his deskmate.4.I saw him _ into the small store.A.wentB.goingC.to goD.has gone5.Tell the boy _ out of the window.not to look B.to not lookC.dont lookD.not look,help,(to)w
17、ater,to take,cry,to cry,5.I have something to tell you.(不定式作定语)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?Do you have anything to be washed today?(区别主被动)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the last to leave the room.不定式为不及物动词时,须加介词 He is looking for a room to liv
18、e in.,1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A.to live inB.to be lived in C.to live D.for living in2.Would you please pass me the knife _?A.to cut the fruit withB.to cut the fruitC.cutting the fruitD.cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper(写上)4.Excus
19、e me,could I use your pen for a moment?I have no pen(写),to write on,to write with,动词不定式做定语,注意:如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。如:,He is looking for a room to live in,Please give me a knife to cut with,(5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件。,I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to
20、find nobody there.To look at him,you would like him,(目的),(原因),(结果),(条件),动名词(gerund),一.动名词的基本构成,二.动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点,具体表现为:,1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰,I hope you dont mind my saying it.,2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语,Are you for or against having the meeting.I insisted on leaving at once.,三.动名词的功用,1.可作主语,Seeing is
21、 believing,Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge.,no use no good no fun Its+a shame+doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no+doing.,It is no use crying.It is no good objectingLooking after the patients is a nurses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copyi
22、ng others homework.There is no joking about the matter.,2.可作宾语,S.+vt.+doing,Have you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,常见的这类动词有:,避免错过(少)延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建议完成(多)练习 suggest/advise finish practise喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/c
23、ant help承认 否定(与)嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脱 冒险(莫)原谅 escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受 保持(不)在意 stand keep/keep on mind,注:在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止),permit(允许)等后,如果没有人称宾语,后跟动名词;如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如,We dont allow people to fish here.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。,People are not allowed to fish here.人们不准在这儿钓鱼。,prefer.to.look forward
24、 to be used to put off give up S.+keep on+doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),作介词/短语动词的宾语:,S.+v.+prep.+doing,e.g.She sat there without(speak)I look forward to(see)him again.Are you used to(live)there alone?When my father heard the news,he couldnt
25、 help(laugh).I dont feel like(go)to see the film.He was busy(prepare)his lessons.,主动表被动:,want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.+doing be worth(值得),使用动名词作宾语时,用主动形式表达被动含义,to be done,使用不定式作宾语时,依然用被动形式表达被动含义,The room wants(clean).The method needs(improve).This pair of shoes require(mend).The problem needs(work
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