人教版七年级英语语法总结.ppt

《人教版七年级英语语法总结.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《人教版七年级英语语法总结.ppt（99页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、七年级语法总复习,A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.一只老虎将领带系紧，清洁它的尾巴。,Ithoughtathought.ButthethoughtIthoughtwasntthethoughtIthoughtIthought.Ifthethought,IthoughtIthoughthadbeenthethoughtIthought,Iwouldnthavethoughtsomuch.,我有一种想法，,但是我的这种想法不是我曾经想到的那种想法。,如果这种想法是我曾经想到的想法，,我就不会想那么多了。,Ithoughta

2、thought.ButthethoughtIthoughtwasntthethoughtIthoughtIthought.Ifthethought,IthoughtIthoughthadbeenthethoughtIthought,Iwouldnthavethoughtsomuch.,我有一种想法，,但是我的这种想法不是我曾经想到的那种想法。,如果这种想法是我曾经想到的想法，,我就不会想那么多了。,Ithoughtathought.ButthethoughtIthoughtwasntthethoughtIthoughtIthought.Ifthethought,IthoughtIthought

3、hadbeenthethoughtIthought,Iwouldnthavethoughtsomuch.,我有一种想法，,但是我的这种想法不是我曾经想到的那种想法。,如果这种想法是我曾经想到的想法，,我就不会想那么多了。,我有一种想法，但是我的这种想法不是我曾经想到的那种想法。如果这种想法是我曾经想到的想法，我就不会想那么多了。I thought a thought.But the thought wasnt the thought I thought I thought.If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I tho

4、ught,I wouldnt have thought so much.,while we were walking,we were watching window washers wash washingtons windows with warm washing water.当我们走路时，我们看着清洁窗户的人用暖水清洗华盛顿的窗户,1、目前所学的动词的形式有4 种：动词原形；如：do;have;like动词的单三式（常在动词原形后加s）；如：get-gets动词不定式（to+动词原形）；如：meet-to meet动词ing式（动词原形后加ing）如：look-looking,2、表示征求

5、意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语,Would you like+to+动词原形?（你想要吗？）How about+动词ing?（怎么样？好不好？）What about+动词ing?（怎么样？好不好？）,Why not+动词原形?（为什么不呢？）Why dont you+动词原形？（你为什么不呢？）Lets+动词原形.（让我们吧。）,表示同意、答应：,Yes,Id like to./Oh,Id love to.All right/OK.Great!Sure.,Good idea!Thanks.Ill be glad to Thanks.That would be very nice.Id like th

6、at.,表示不同意、拒绝：No,thanks.Sorry,I cant.Id like to.But Im afraid I cant/I have no time.,3、目前学过的情态动词有can,may,could,would和will等五个。,学好情态动词必须把握三个用法：后必须跟动词原形；没有三单式（其后不能加s）；可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句；可以在情态动词后面加上not构成否定句,4、目前学过的后跟动词不定式（to+动词原形）的有：would like to+动词原形（想要做某事）;want to+动词原形（想要做某事）;,forget to+动词原形（忘记要做某事）;like

7、 to+动词原形（喜欢做某事）love to+动词原形（喜欢做某事）,ask sb.to+动词原形.tell sb.to+动词原形.,would like sb.to+动词原形.want sb.to+动词原形.（想叫某人做某事）have to+动词原形（必须/不得不做某事）Nice/Glad/happy to+动词原形（很高兴做某事）,如：Nice to meet you.Im glad to be here.,5、目前学过的后跟动词原形的有：情态动词：can,may,could,would,will后助动词do,dont,does,doesnt后（does,doesnt一出现，三单式要滚蛋）

8、；动词please(请)后：如：Please tell him about the picnic.短语Why not/Why dont you后；动词let 后；如：Let Jane help you.Lets go home.,动词help后，也可带to;如：Lets help Maria(to)carry water.祈使句以动词原形开头,如：Have a seat,please.请坐下。,6、目前学过的后跟动词ing的有：Be动词后的动词；如：Are you kidding?Im just looking.This is Michael speaking.所有的介词后；已学过的介词有:a

9、t,for,about,in,on,from,of,to,with,after等。,What about+动词ing?What about flying a kite with me?,Its time for going home=Its time to go home.Thank you for helping me=Thank you for your help.go+动词inggo fishing去钓鱼;go shopping去购物do some shopping购物like/love+动词ing（喜欢做某事）,7、有单复数变化的词名词(1)名词单数变复数的方法 1)大部分在词尾加s.

10、如：dog-dogs2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh 结尾的es.如：class-classes bus-buses glass-glasses box-boxes watch-watches(手表)fish-fishes 3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，加es.baby-babies(婴儿)family-families(家庭),注意：boy-boys play-plays toy-toys way-ways,4)以 f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为v,加es.half-halves(一半)knife-knives(小刀)yourself(你自己)-yourselves(你们自己),(2

11、)特殊变化的词1)a 变e:manmen(男子)womanwomen(女子)snowman-snowmen(雪人)Englishman-Englishmen(英国人)2)o变e：foot-feet(脚)tooth-teeth(牙齿)3)单复数同形：Chinese-Chinese(中国人)fish-fish(鱼)yuan-yuan(人民币元),6)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数例如：people（人们）police（警察们）本身就是复数，family指“全家人”时，本身也是复数，它们都不能加s.如：The Chinese people are very kind.中国人民都 很友好。Kan

12、gkangs family are all tall and thin.康康全家人都又高又瘦。,4)mousemice(老鼠)childchildren(儿童)5)合成词中一般变后面的词：apple tree-apple trees(苹果树)但下列需前后都变：man teacher-men teacherswoman doctor-women doctors,be动词：单数am,is；复数are行为动词：复数：动词原形单数：在行为动词后加s或es（即动词的三单式）。如:Maria likes milk.（likes是三单式，为单数）Maria and Jane like milk.（like是

13、动词原形，为复数）,本块习题:用所给词的正确形式填空1、I _(have)a soccer ball.2、She _(have)two ping-pong balls.3、He _(play)sports every day.4、We _(speak)English.5、Tom _(call)Jim every day.6、My daughter _(like)apples.7、His friend_（know）English.8、The girl _(study)English sometimes.9、The boy often _（watch）TV.10、Her uncle _(go)ho

14、me on foot,plays,has,have,speak,calls,likes,knows,studies,watches,goes,(2)、在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。I _ a girl.My name _ Mary.I _ 12 years old.Here _ my family photo.Look!These _ my parents and those _ my grandparents.This boy _ my brother.He _ 15 years old now.That _ my cat,Mimi.It _ very lovely.,am,is,am,i

15、s,are,are,is,is,is,is,指示代词 单数：this这个 that那个复数：these这些 those那些,指示代词 this,that,these,those 作主语,一般疑问句的简略回答:Is this/that your aunt?Yes,it is./No,it isnt.简略回答时,用主格代词 it 代替（2）、Are these/those your uncles?Yes,they are.No,they arent.简略回答时,用主格代词 they 代替,单句变复句,把句子中单数词变成复数词。1、This is my friend._ _ _ _my _2、Tha

16、t is his parent._ _ _ _his _3、She is her cousin._ _ _ _her _,These,are,friends,They,are,cousins,parents,Those,are,.用所给的词选择填空1、These are pens and _ are pencils.(that,this,those)2、Tom was sick yesterday._ is why he missed school.(That,Those,These)3、Which of _ shirts are Toms(These,this,that)4、This des

17、k is mine,_ is hers.(those,this,that)5、The map of Beijing is better than _ of Tianjing.(this,that,these).,those,That,these,that,that,8名词s所有格单数名词后直接加“s”：Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词，只加“”Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书,不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“s”Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋,表示两者共同拥有时，只在最

18、后一个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加sLucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子）,四、按中文意思填空1._(李明的)parents work in a big hospital.2.This is _(我妹妹的)Chinese book.3._(我的姐姐和弟弟的)rooms are very nice.4._(王平和王明的)father is a hotel manager.5.Is this _(你的好朋友的)pen?6.They are_(Peter

19、 和Sam的)teachers.,Li Mings,My sisters and my brothers,my sisters,Wang Ping and Wang Mings,your good friends,Peter and Sams,1There is a letter for_(her、hers)mother.2That is _(she)coat.The coat is red._(it)is a new one.3Whose pens are these?_(their)are _(we).4Give _(he)a toy,please.5_(we)eyes are black

20、.6Tim and Bill are twins._(them)parents are teachers.7Give the book to _(I).,Our,him,ours,They,It,her,her,me,Their,8These books are _(we).9That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)10The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)11Is this _ watch?(you)No,its not _.(I)12_ is my brother._ nam

21、e is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he),his,His,He,mine,your,her,hers,mine,ours,my,一代词,1、人称代词和物主代词,mine,ours,yours,yours,hers his its,theirs,人称代词主格：作主语，常放在句首；人称代词宾格：作宾语，放在动词和介词后；形容词性物主代词：后有名词时，用形容词性；（有名则形）名词性物主代词：后无名词时，用名词性。（无名则名）,一、写出下列词的复数形式am_ is_ he _ she _ it _ that_this_ you_ pen_ desk_ key_ or

22、ange_ boy_ friend_ parent_ class _ child_ shelf _ bed _ radio_ photo_ tomato_ woman _ man _ strawberry _ dictionary _ box watch,are,are,they,they,those,these,you,pens,desks,keys,oranges,boys,friends,parents,they,boxes,classes,children,shelves,beds,radios,photos,tomatoes,women,men,strawberries,dictio

23、naries,watches,7._(教师节)is on September 10th.8._(学生们的)desks and chairs are very new.9._(赵敏的)shoes are white.10._(John和Sally的)mothers are American.11._(Tony哥哥的)computer is broken.12、Its _(妇女节)on March 8th.,Teachers Day,The students,Zhao Mins,Johns and Sallys,Tonys brothers,Womens Day,12、冠词只有不定冠词a(an)和

24、定冠词the 两个，不用冠词叫零冠词。1、不定冠词a和an：a用在辅音前，如 a pen a chair an 用在元音前。an old teacher an English book 注意:辅音字母第一个音是元音的情况：F H L M N S X这七个字母的第一个音是元音在说一个以上字母时要用an,如an“F”(一个F)同时注意字母U,它是元音字母，但它的第一个音是辅音，因此说一个U，应为 a“U”,2、定冠词the：当一个名词第二次出现时前面用the。注意:在三餐饭（breakfast、lunch、dinner）前不用the,月份和星期前都不用the,体育活动的球类运动前面不用the。如:

25、have dinner in January December Sunday play basketballplay tennis(volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball),10.句子的成分主语：是句子要说明的人和物，是动作的发出者，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。主语由名词,代词担任。谓语：说明主语的动作。只有动词才作谓语，一般放在主语之后。宾语：是动作的接受者。放在动词或介词后。由名词,代词担任。,Michael often looks after his sister at home on Sunday.,11.三单问题总则：主语是第三人称单数时

26、，动词（谓语）要用三单式。如：He gets up at six。由于主语He是第三人称单数，动词get后要s,即gets是三单式。,可以作第三人称单数主语（三单主语）的有：(1)he,she,it;(2)单个的人；单个的物。,动词三单式的构成(1)特殊的：beis havehas(2)有规律的：1)大部分在词尾加s;如：getgets take-takes needneeds knowknows,2)以s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的加es;如：guessguesses(猜)watch-watches(看)teachteaches(教)fishfishes(钓鱼)gogoes(去)dodoes

27、,3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i，加es.如：studystudies(学习)flyflies(飞，放)carrycarries(提)worryworries(担心)注意：buybuys saysays playplays,3、如单数可数名词前有this、that、my等代词修饰时，则不再使用a或an。,12.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词的用法,对画线部分提问，除了要注意选择正确的疑问词外，还要注意语序的运用。,对句子的主语提问，其语序是：She is their teacher.主语 谓语Who is their teacher?主语 谓语,疑问词+谓语+其他成分？（整个句子是陈述句语序）,

28、2、对句子主语的定语部分提问，其语序是：,疑问词+主语（即定语所修饰的名词）+谓语+其他成分？（整个句子是陈述句语序）,My book is over there.Whose book is over there?,主语的定语,主语,疑问词,以上两点方法都是：用正确的疑问词代替画线部分，再把句号改为问号，其余部分一般不做改变,3对表语或宾语的定语部分提问，其语序是：疑问词+表语或宾语（画线部分所修饰的名词）+一般疑问句（省略画线部分和它所修饰的名词）,Im looking for my watch.Whose watch are you looking for?,宾语的定语,一般疑问句(省略掉

29、my watch),4、对表语、宾语或状语提问，其语序是：,疑问词+一般疑问句（省略掉画线部分）？,He lives in Beijing.Where does he live?,疑问词,一般疑问句（省略掉画线部分in Beijing）,状语,5、对谓语和宾语提问，其语序是：,疑问词(What)+一般疑问句（其中谓语动词要用do 的相对应形式代替,省略掉宾语),He watches TV in the evening What does he do in the evening?,He watched TV yesterday evening.What did he do in the eve

30、ning?,He is watching TV now.What is he doing now?,就划线部分提问练习1、My name is Gina.name?2、Im fine.you?3.Its an orange.in English?4.My bag is red.is your bag?5.This is“V”.in English?,Whats,your,How,are,Whats,it,What,color,Whats,this,11.Theyre on the floor.they?12.The baseball is on the sofa.the baseball?13

31、.The keys are in the drawer.the keys?14.I want a sweater.you?15.These socks are two dollars.these socks?,Where,are,Where,is,Where,are,What,do,want,How,much,are,16.-Blue.do you want?17.The T-shirt is seven dollars the T-shirt?18.My birthday is October tenth.birthday?19.Her birthday is June 8th.birthd

32、ay?20.Im thirteen.you?,What,color,How,much,is,Whens,your,your,Whens,How,are,old,21.Its Monday today is today?22.My school day is on October 18th.school day?23.Its August 8th.the date?24.My favorite subject is Chinese.favorite subject?25.Her favorite subject is English.favorite subject?,What,day,it,W

33、hens,your,What,is,Whats,your,Whats,your,26.I like P.E.because its fun.you like P.E?27.My music teacher is Miss Xie.music teacher?28.His favorite sport is basketball.favorite sport?29.I have rice and chicken.you for lunch?30.He likes P.E.best.he best?,Why,do,Whos,your,Whats,his,What,do,have,What,subj

34、ect,like,14.数 词（一）、基数词 注意 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,eighteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,one hundred/thousand等词的拼写。,具体用法如：Lesson Twelve,Class Two,Grade Eight,The No.45 bus,Channel Five,Room 302,the No.2 middle School,a five-year-old daughter,注意1、“前有，后无；前无，后有”即 two hundred books，hundreds of books

35、,2、如 eight-year-old 的词后面要加名词3、“在某人几十岁时”用 in ones+整十的复数 如：in her fifties,in their thirties,（三）、分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于一，分母加 s，分子和分母之间一般用连字号。数，小数和百分比：,如:3/5读作,1/3读作,078读作,7.45读作45%读作 67%读作,three-fifths,one-third,zero point seven eight,seven point four five,Forty-five percent,sixty-seven percent,4、表示“

36、多高、多宽、多长、多深，年龄少大、距离多远”时，用“数量+单位+形容词”如：two months old,twenty meters deep,（二）、序数词注意 first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,twenty-first,ninety-ninth,one hundredth等词的拼写。具体用法如：the Twelfth lesson,June 5th,the Second World War,on his twentieth birthday.,注意：分数表示1/2，可以用a/one half 表示；分数1/4，3

37、/4也可以用quarter表示。如：1/4读作one-fourth or a quarter,3/4读作three-fourths or three quarters,Half of the students live in the school on weekdays.(习惯上省略a),（四）、时间和钟点7：15读作/7：30读作7：35读作8：03读作注意：如果分钟不是5的倍数，minute不能省略。,seven fifteen,a quarter past seven,seven thirty/half past seven,seven thirty-five/twenty-five(m

38、inutes)to eight,three minutes past eight,（五）、日期和年份on March 8读作on 8th of March 读作 in 1998读作in 2008读作,on march the eighth,on the eighth of March,nineteen ninety-eight,in two thousand and eight,数词练习1、Mr Green has _(two)daughters.2、Kate is Mr Greens _(one)daughter.3、There are _(twelve)months in a year.4

39、、March is the _(three)month of a year.5、They have _(twenty)computers.6、I can afford _(eight)sweaters.7、Mr Greens _(nine)store is very big.,two,first,twelve,third,twenty,eight,ninth,8、-How old is your friend?-She is(12)years old.9、-How old is her father?-He is(30)years old.10.January the month of a y

40、ear.11、February the month of a year.12、April the month of a year.13、May the month of a year.14、August the month of a year.15、December the month of a year.,twelve,thirty,first,second,fourth,fifth,eighth,twelfth,15.介词,（一）表示时间的介词的用法：1.at,on,in（1）at 在句中用在钟点之前。意为“在.点钟”如：at six在6点（2）at用在固定短语中。如：at noon在中午

41、；at this time of year 一年这个时候,（3）on常用于表示具体的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短语中。如：on the morning of June 在6月5日的早上,（4）on用在星期前。如：on Sunday在星期日,（5）in用于年、月前面，季节、世纪前以及固定短语中。,如：in 2008 在2008年；in October在10月；in spring 在春天；in the twentieth century 在二十世纪；in his twenties 在他二十多岁时；,2.before,after,in in是以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于一

42、般将来时态中。eg:I will come back in three days.我三天以后回来。after是以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态中。eg:She went after three days.她三天以后走的。before 表示“某时刻或某时间之前”时态根据句子而定。E.g:Check your papers carefully before you hand them in,（二）表示地点方位介词的用法：1.at,in at 后跟小地方，in后跟大地点 2.in,on,to in表示在某一范围内的某方位。on表示与某地相邻关系。to表示在某一地区之外的某方位，不属

43、于该范围。Shanghai lies in the east of China.Shandong lies on the east of Hebei.China lies to the west of Japan.,（三）表示手段方式的介词的用法：in,by,with,on表示“用”（1）by主要指利用交通工具。即：“by+名词原形”或“行为手段by+v-ing形式”。如：I go to school by bike every day.He learns English by listening to cassettes.,（2）in主要指用某种语言或用工具、材料以及方式(way)等。如：P

44、eople say it in English.I often write in ink/pencil.He can say it in a different way.,3）on主要表示行走或站立时所用的身体部位，或利用交通工具。即：“on+冠词/形容词性物主代词+交通工具名词”或接表示媒体的名词。如：People walk on foot.But some people can walk on hand.He often goes to school on a bus.,注意：“on/in+冠词/形容词性物主代词+交通工具名词”这种交通方式的表达可以转换成“by+交通工具名称”。例：on

45、a bike=by bike 如果交通工具名词为car，习惯上用in，其他多用on。如：He learns English on TV.,（4）with主要指某一具体的劳动工具、材料或用身体部位。如：They like writing with a brush.他们愿意用毛笔写字.We see with our eyes and hear with our ears.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听.,16.祈使句一、用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时

46、，句末则使用句号来表示结束。,用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。,二、表现形式 肯定结构:1.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way,please.=Go this way,please.请这边走。,2.Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。如:Dont let him go./Let him

47、 not go.别让他走。,3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼!,2.Be型(即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子!Be quite.安静 Be careful！小心！,3.Let型(即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分)。如:Let me help you.让我来帮你。,否定结构:1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。如:Dont forget me!不要忘记我!Dont be late for school!上学不要迟到!,17、There be

48、 句型There be 句型表示“某地存在某人/物”。它的构成形式一般为There areis某物人地点。它即可以表示某地方有什么东西，也可以表达某地方有什么人。,There are 20 students in a class.班里有20名学生。There is an apple on the desk.桌子上有个苹果。,一、There be 句型的句式否定句：be后加not。注意肯定句中的some变为any。There isnt any water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。,疑问句：be提到主语前。同样，some变为any。一般疑问句的简略肯定回答：Yes,there i

49、s/are.否定回答：No,there isnt/arent.,二、there be句型有数的变化 be的单复数取决于其后的主语，单数主语用is，复数主语全用are；如有并列主语时，be随第一主语变，即就近原则。,There is a pen and two erasers on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和两块橡皮。There are two erasers and a pen on the desk.课桌上有两块橡皮和一支钢笔。,三、there be句型与have的区别当表示“人”（有生命的）有的时候，用have或has，强调所属关系；当表示“物”（无生命的）有的时候，用there

50、 is 或 there are，强调空间上的存在。,I have a brother.我有一个弟弟。There are many apples on the table.桌子上有许多苹果。,18.一般现在时 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。,其动词形式是：动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外，要加-s),其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does,1)肯定句用行为动词原形表示 They get up very early every morning.他们每天早晨起来很早。,2)否定句用dont+动词原形来表示 We do not go shopping on Su