主从复合句超实用讲解.ppt
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1、专题八主从复合句,一、状语从句1时间状语从句(1)由 as,while 引导时,表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,或一个动作发生在另一个动作或状态的过程中;(2)由 after,when 引导时,表示主句动作在从句动作之后;(3)由 before,when 引导时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前;,(4)由 whenever,every/each time 引导时,表示主句动作以从句动作为条件而发生;例如:We can leave when you are ready.(你什么时候准备好,我们就可以动身了。动身这个动作是在这个人准备好了之后发生的。)(5)由 as soon as 引导时,表示主句
2、动作发生在从句动作的一瞬间之后(注意:the moment,the instant,the second,the minute 都可做连词用,引导状语从句,意思是 as soon as);(6)由Scarcely/hardly.when,no sooner.than 引导时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作一瞬间之前。,2原因状语从句由 because,as,since 或复合连接词 now that,in that 等引导。(注意:for 是连词,虽然也可以表示“因为”,但其后所接的是并列句中的一个独立句,而非从句。)3地点状语从句由 where,wherever引导。,4条件状语从句由 if,a
3、s(so)long as 和 unless 引导。条件状语从句分为两大类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。当从句所表达的条件是有可能实现的、有可能是真实的条件时,用真实条件句;如果从句所表达的条件是不可能实现的、与客观事实完全相反的条件或假设时,用虚拟条件句。,特别提醒:在真实条件句中,从句动词应该用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。,5目的状语从句由so that,in order that,in case 等引导。,特别提醒:这类从句常常用情态动词 may/might,can/could,should 等,以保证语气通顺自然。,6结果状语从句由 so that,so.that,
4、such.that 等引导。,特别提醒:so.that 与 such.that 的区别在于:前者的省略号处是形容词或副词,而后者的省略号处最终是一个名词。“最终”的意思是,该名词前也可以出现形容词甚至出现修饰形容词的副词,但整个词组的中心词是这个名词。,7让步状语从句由 though,although,even if,even though,however,no matter how/what/who 等引导。注意对让步状语从句的掌握要注意以下几点内容:(1)使用 though,although 时,务必避免与 but 连用,但可以与 yet 连用。(2)even if,even though
5、 和 as if,as though 不同。后者常常要求使用虚拟语气。,8比较状语从句由 than,the more.the more.,as.as 引导。比较状语从句中,than后可以直接跟谓语动词。这类从句一般用来表示程度或范围。9方式状语从句由 in the same way,as 等引导。,特别提醒:在真实条件句中,从句动词应该用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。,二、名词性从句1引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom
6、,whose,which连接副词:when,where,how,why不可省略的连词:,(1)介词后的连词(2)引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词。例如:That she was chosen monitor made us very happy.比较:whether 与 if 均意为“是否”。但在下列情况下,whether 不能被 if 取代:(1)whether 引导主语从句且在句首,例如:Whether he will come is not clear.(2)引导表语从句、同位语从句(3)whether 从句作介词宾语(4)从句后有“or not”,2主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的
7、从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。(1)it做形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较it 做形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词 that。被强调部分指人时也可用 who/whom。例如:,It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.(it作形式主语)It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.(it作形式主语)It is in the morn
8、ing that the murder took place.(it引导强调句)It is John that broke the window.(it引导强调句)(2)用 it 做形式主语的结构It is名词从句It is a fact that.事实是It is common knowledge that.是常识It is形容词从句It is strange that.奇怪的是,It is不及物动词从句It seems that.似乎It happens that.碰巧It is过去分词从句It is reported that.据报道It has been proved that.已证实
9、,(3)主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况it 引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。It is said/reported that.结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.()That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.()It happens that./It occurs that.结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:It occurred to him that he failed in the ex
10、amination.()That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(),It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.()Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.()(4)what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而 that 则不然。例如:What you said yesterday is r
11、ight.That she is still alive is a consolation.,3宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中做宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。(1)做作动词的宾语由 that 引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如:I heard that he joined the army.由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.动词间接宾语宾语从句,例如:She to
12、ld me that she would accept my invitation.,(2)做介词的宾语,例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.(3)做形容词的宾语,例如:I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.(4)it 可以做形式宾语it 不仅可以做形式主语,还可以做形式宾语,而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:We heard it that she would get married next month.,(5)
13、后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有 allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive 等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词做宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:I admire their winning the match.()I admire that they won the match.(),(6)不可用 that 从句做直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句”结构中,常见的有 envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress
14、,forgive,blame,advise,congratulate 等。例如:He impressed the manager as an honest man.()He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(),(7)否定的转移若主句谓语动词为 think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine 等,且主语为第一人称,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:I dont think this dress fits you well.我
15、认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,4表语从句表语从句是指在复合句中做表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be,look,remain,seem 等。另外,常用的还有The reason is that.和 It is because.等结构。例如:The question is whether we can make good preparations in such a short time.This is why we cant get the support of the people.But the fact remains tha
16、t we are behind the other classes.The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.,5同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中做名词的同位语的名词性从句。(1)同位语从句的功能同位语从句对名词作进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由 that 引导。例如:The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers s
17、hould stay still is given by the general.,(2)同位语从句在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.(3)同位语从句与定语从句的区别定语从句中的 that 既可代替先行词,同时可以在从句中做某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的 that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。,定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述名词的性质或特征;同位语从句是
18、名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:aThe news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(定语从句,第一个 that 在句中做 told 的直接宾语。)bThe news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。(同位语从句,that 在句中不做任何成分),三、定语从句高考题设置此考点时,主要是考查关系词的选择。关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说,掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句,也无法理解文中带
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