中考英语知识点整理新目标.ppt

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1、I.语法：时态问题(011.记住与各时态相关的“特征词”2.表示“将来”的几种形式及基本区别：shall will be going to+动词原形be to do sth.be+coming(leaving,starting,reaching,returning.be about to do sth.3.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达：A.should like to/would like to/would love to+不定式的完成时态B.was/were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么）C.was/were going to have done

2、sth.表示未完成原来的计划和安排D.expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,want,wish常用过去完成时态在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望,考前知识清理01,F.情态动词should,would,could,might,ought to等后接不定式的完成时，表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情G.had better/would rather+不定式的完成时，表示一种过去的愿望常译为“当初最好当初真该”II.句型复习：1.would(should)y

3、ou like to do sth.should love to do sth.feel like doing sth.would like to do sth.would like sb.to do sth.such a diligent man that so diligent a man that such a diligent man as such interesting books that such rapid progress that so many(few)people that so much(little)money that so diligent(fast)that

4、diligent(fast)enough to do sth.so lazy(slowly)that he cannot too lazy(slowly)to do sth.,E.wish that had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望,III.词汇：A.常用动词用法(01)agreesb.agree with+sb./sb.s opinion/what 同意某人意见sth.agree with sb.适合sth.agree with sth.相一致，相符，和谐agree on(upon)sth.就取得一致的意见agree with sb.on sth.在方面同意或意见一致agre

5、e to do sth.愿意（同意）做agree that.同意是事实或应当如何注释：该词一般作为不及物动词用表示“同意”时有三种表达法，with 后接“人”具体的观点和看法：opinion,plan,idea等；what引导的从句作及物动词用时，agree to do sth.愿意做 agree that 同意是事实或应当如何,B.短语记忆：according to根据a lot of/lots of许多add up to加起来a few一些again and again一再，多次a great deal许多all kinds of各种各样的a little一些a kind of一种afte

6、r all毕竟C.记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：absorb vt.accept vt.accompany vt.account v.act v.adapt v.add v.admit v.advance v.advise vt.afford vt.aim v.answer v.achieve vt.adopt vt.allow v.,考前知识清理02,.语法：时态问题(02)4.完成时态中瞬间动词的处理方法：A.不合表示一段时间的时间状语连用 B.将瞬间动词变成状态动词C.换用句型It is.since did5.复合句中的时态问题：A.主句是现在时态，从句可是任意时态 B.主句是将来时

7、态，条件状语从句中只能用现在时态 C.主句是过去时态，从句只能是过去的时态6.情景中的时态问题这是近几年高考中时态考察的重点关键是要对所提供的情景进行仔细认真的分析善于找到判断时态的依据,II.句型复习：Whats wrong(the matter,the trouble)with?Is there anything wrong(the matter)with?There is something(nothing)wrong(the matter)with?Something(Nothing)is wrong(the matter)with?in order thatmay(might,can

8、,could,)so thatcan(could,may,might);so as to(in order to)do sth.do(try)ones best to do sth.do what(everything,all)you can do sth.what he said all that he saidIII.词汇 A.常用动词用法(02)look link-v look+adj.(过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来，look about 四周打量look about for四处寻找look ahead预测未来look like看起来像look as if看起来好像look wel

9、l看起来不错,look sb.up and down上下打量某 look at看，望，看待look after照看，照管，照顾，负责处理 look back on回顾，look down upon(on)看不起，蔑视 look for找寻，自找（麻烦），look forward to盼望，希望；预计会有;look in作短时间的访晤（参观），look in on拜望，顺便来看望 look into调查，了解，研究look on旁观，在旁边看look on as把看作look out查找，找出；当心，注意 look out for当心，提防；找寻，注意；look over翻阅，审读；复习 loo

10、k round审视，到处看看；回头望look through 翻阅，查看；读一遍 look to 照顾，注意，负责look up查出，了解；看望，拜访 look up and down 上下打量,B.短语记忆：and so on 等等a number of许多a set of一套as a result结果as well as也at any time任何时候 at first首先 at least至少at once立即at the beginning of开头，开初C.记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：appear vi.apply v.appoint vt.appreciate vt.appr

11、oach v.approve v.arrange v.assign vt.attack v.attain vt.attemp t vt.attend v.avoid vt.belong vi.bend v.blow v.,考前知识情理03,I.语法：定语从句1.引导词的功能：.引导定语从.代替现行词在定语从句中充当某一句子成分2.引导定语从句的连词用法：连 词主 句 中 先 行 词 是在 从 句 中 充 当 的 成 分 是who 人主语whom 人宾语whose 人或物 定语(该词后要跟名词)that 人或物主语，宾语，表语which 物 主语，宾语(还可以引导非限 制性定语从句)where

12、表示地点的名词 地点状语(=介词+which)when 表示时间的名词 时间状语(=介词+which)why reason 原因状语(=for which)as 在限制性定语从句中常和suchas，the sameas 等句型连用.在非限制性定语从句中，可以代替主句中的某一 成分或整个句子的意义,3.way 后面的定语从句可由in which,that 引导，或者什么都不要4.that 在使用中的特殊要求5.限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别6.as 与which在引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别;as常和know,see,understand,expect等词连用；可位于句首；常译为：正如II.句

13、型复习：1.would rather(not)do sth;would rather do sth.than do sth.would rather sb.did(had done)sth;prefer sth.to sth.elseprefer doing sth.to doing sth.else;prefer to do sth.rather than do sth;insist on doing sth.rather than do sth.2.No matter what(whatever)he does;No matter how(However)difficult it is3.

14、to ones surprise(delight,satisfaction,disappointment,joy)What surprises(delights,satisfies,disappoints,pleases)one is,III.词汇：A.常用动词用法(03)appear vi.link-v.=seem 似乎,显得appear to do sth.appear+adj.appear+done appear+sth.It appear that.B.短语记忆：at the edge of在边缘at the end of 在末尾at the moment此刻 at the same

15、time同时a variety of 各种各样的be annoyed at生的气be busy with 忙于be divided into 分成be fit for 适合 be fond of爱好be full of充满be grateful for感谢be interested in对感兴趣;be known for因出名 be made up of由组成be satisfied with对满意,III.词汇：A.常用动词用法(03)appear vi.link-v.=seem 似乎,显得appear to do sth.appear+adj.appear+done appear+sth.

16、It appear that.B.短语记忆：at the edge of在边缘at the end of 在末尾at the moment此刻 at the same time同时a variety of 各种各样的be annoyed at生的气be busy with 忙于be divided into 分成be fit for 适合 be fond of爱好be full of充满be grateful for感谢be interested in对感兴趣;be known for因出名 be made up of由组成be satisfied with对满意,C.记住下列动词并写出它们的

17、汉语意思：bother v.build vt.buy vtcease v charge v.change v.check v.choose v.clear v.close v.collect mit pare v.concern vt.consider v.consist vi.,考前知识清理04 句型复习：,4.It seems that sb.do sth.=sb.seems to do sth.It happened that sb.do sth.=sb.happened to do sth.It is said(reported)that sb.do sth.=sb.is said(r

18、eported)to do sth.5.Half of the visitors are Half of the wood is;Most of the teachers are Most of the water is;The rest of the books are The rest of the money is One-fourth of the population in the world are Chinese.The population of China is larger that that of any other country in the world.Three-

19、fourths of the workers in the factory are men.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is the sea.A larger number of students are The number of the students in our school is,II.词汇 A.常用动词用法(04)make make sth.做，制造 make sb.do sth.使得make sb.(sth.)donemake sb.(sth.)+adj.make sb.(sth.)+n.make it+adj.(n.)+

20、thatmake it+adj.(n.)+to do sth.make it+adj.(n.)+doing sth.make a dash for 赶往，冲向make a deal with 达成协议，做成交易make a decision 作出规定make a face=make faces做鬼脸，做苦相 make a good effort 作很大的努力make a record 录制唱片 make a plan for 为作计划make a note of注意;记下来 make an impression on 给留下（某种）印象，引人注目make fun of 取笑，和开玩笑，嘲笑ma

21、ke into把做成；使成为，使变成be made intobe made from由做的（化学变化）be made of由做的（物理变化）,make it按时到达某处,办事成功,约定时间,及时赶上（火车，轮船等）make ones living 维持生活make progress 取得进步make out 看清楚，看出，辨识；理解，明白；开（账单，收据等）进展；假装，装出，把说成是make room(for)让地方，让位置 make sense有道理，好懂，有清楚的意思make sense of 理解;make sure that.弄肯定，一定要做到；弄确切，弄清make sure of m

22、ake sure to do sth.一定要做make.to ones own measure 依照某人的尺寸做make up 创造，编造；弥补，把补上；化妆，打扮make up for弥补;be made up of 有组成（构成）make up ones mind to do sth.打定主意，决定，决心make use of 利用B.短语记忆：be similar to 与相同be unfamiliar to与不熟悉be used to V-ing习惯于,because of因为;by hand手工做的;carry out 执行，进行catch up with赶上;clear off清除

23、，跑开;comparewith与比较;concentrate on聚精会神consist of 包含;deal with 处理，对付devote oneself to献身于;die out 绝种divideinto 把分成do harm to 伤害draw a conclusion 得出结论C.记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：construct vt.continue v.contribute v.control vt.convince vt.cost vt.count v.cover vt.create vt.cross v.crowd v.cry v.deal v.decide v.de

24、clare v.defend vt.,考前知识清理05,I.语法复习：状语从句引导时间状语的连词：after,as,before,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,as long as,as soon as,hardly(scarcely)when,No sooner than,the time(moment,instant,minute,day)备注:1.hardly,no sooner在句首，引导的从句要部分倒装 2.since引导的从句注意看启动词是否是瞬间动词还是延续性动词 3.when 引导的从句注意其特殊用法 一些名词也可以引导时间

25、状语从句引导地点状语的连词：where,wherever 备注:后者表示强调引导方式状语的连词：as,as if,as though,备注:as引导的方式状语从句多在句首,引导原因状语的连词：because,since,as,now(that)备注:语气一个比一个弱for可以引导原因状语从句，但它只能位于句末引导结果状语的连词:so that,such(a)that,so that,that备注:sothat中的so在句首，主句要部分倒装引导目的状语的连词：so that,in order that,that,so,备注:so that 使用最普遍引导条件状语的连词：if,unless,in

26、case,as long as,备注:注意分清if从句中是否该用虚拟语气引导让步状语的连词：though,although,even if,even though,as,in spite of the fact,while,no matter wh-,备注:as 引导的让步状语从句要倒装II.句型复习：1.It is+被强调部分+that.在句型 1 中，将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子这也是与其 它从句区别判断的方法,2.It is not un

27、til+被强调部分+that.句型2 主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not.until.的强调形式3.It is clear(obvious,true,possible,certain.)that.句型3中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构III.词汇：A.常用动词用法(05)consider 考虑 consider thatconsider what(how)to do sth.consider doing sth.认为 consider that consider sb.(sth.)+sb.(s

28、th.)consider sb.+adj.把看作是 consider sb.to be consider sb.+p.p.consider sb.+介词短语consider.as 把（某人）看作,B.短语记忆：eitheror既又 for a moment一会儿for a while 一会儿for example 例如for instance例如 from time to time 不时hand over 递过去 in a hurry 匆忙in case万一 in front of在前面in line 排队 in no mood 无心思(心情)in other words换言之in spite

29、 of尽管 instead of 代替 in the course of 在.期间(过程)C.记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：delay v.delight v.deliver vt.demand vt.deny vt.depend vi.deserve vt.design vt desire vt.destroy vt.determine vt.develop v.devote vt.direct vt.discover vt.discuss vt.,考前知识清理06,I.语法复习：主谓语一致 01。语法一致原则：是根据主语的语法标记决定其谓语动词的单数、复数形式。主语为单数，谓语动词用单

30、数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：。意思一致原则：是指主谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形式来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，一般有三种情况。单数形式的主语，谓语动词用复数。复数形式的主语，谓语动词用单数。同一词作主语，有时谓语动词用单数有时用复数。就近一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。II.句型复习：4.It is important(necessary,right,strange,natural.)that.句型4中，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should 可以省去,5.It is said(re

31、ported,learned.)that.句型5中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉）”III.词汇：A.常用动词用法(06)come come to do sth.【解析】该结构意为：“逐渐”后面跟不定式表示作某事的过程，所跟的动词常是：like,understand,realize,see，knowcome to+名词来到（某地）come to+数词加起来，共计come to+名词谈到，涉及到come to恢复知觉；苏醒过来link-e+adj.变得，变成 come+e to a conclusion做出结论come about 发生、

32、产生，造成come across（偶然）遇到，找到，想到,come to an end结束 come alone vi.跟上去；快点；进行come back回想起 come down vi.下降 come down from 从传下来come from来自，是（某地的）人come into being(existence)开始存在，建立，产生come into effect(force)开始生效come near(close)to doing sth.差一点就 come off 从离开，脱落come on(upon)=come acrosscome out vi.出来；出发、出版、出版；开花，

33、发芽 come to 共计、达到 come true 变为现实，实现come up 抬头、上来、上升,走过来，到来；提及，被提出；长出来,B.短语记忆：in the distance在远处in the future将来 just as正如 lead to 导致lose ones nerves 害怕 no longer不再 no more than同.一样不 notat all 一点也不noteither也不 no onlybut also 不但而且now and then不时on board 在船/车上once in a while 偶尔 on vacation度假 out of breath

34、 上气不接下气 out of control 失控C.记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：engage v.enjoy vt.enter v.express vt.examine vt.excuse vt.exercise v.exist vi.expand v.expect vt.explain v.expose vt.extend v.face v.fail v.fancy v.,考前知识清理07,I.语法复习:名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)1.that 在引导名词性从句中的用法2.whether,if 在引导名词性从句中的用法区别3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别及判断

35、4.what在引导名词性从句中的用法5.宾语从句中否定转移时应该注意的几个问题6.宾语从句中使用形式宾语it的问题及注意事项7.哪些表语形容词后可以跟从句,最常用用连词用法辨析 what:从句种类:主、宾、表语从句功 用:在从句中充当主、宾、表同时在主句中充当主、宾、表语that:从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 功 用:在名词性从句中引导从句，不充当成分，无词意；定语从句中代替人或物，在从句中充当主、宾。表；在状语从句中引导目的、结果状语从句whether:从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语 功 用:在从句中引导从句，不充当成分，有词意：“是否”who:从句种类:主、宾、表、定 功 用:在从句

36、中充当主语which:从句种类:主、宾、表、定 功用:在名词性从句中充当定语，词意为：“哪一个”；在定语从句中代替物，在从句中充当主、宾语，与介词 一起作状语when:从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 功 用:在从句中作时间状语，词意为：“在何时”,Where:从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 功 用:在从句中作地点状语，词意为：“在何处”how:从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、状功 用:在从句中作方式状语，词意为：“如何”why:从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定 功 用:在从句中作原因状语，词意为：“为什么”II.句型复习：6.It is suggested(ordered.)that

37、.句型6 中的过去分词应该是表示请求，建议，命令等词，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should 可以省常译为“据建议；有命令）III.词汇：A.常用动词用法(07)need 需要 need sth;need to do sth;need doing 情态动词：用于否定句，疑问句（较少用于肯定句）He neednt go out for such a thing.Need you buy this book?需要，必要（不可数）；需要的东西（可数）a friend in need 患难之交in need of需要,B.短语记忆：out of sight 看不见;ove

38、r and over 再三;refer to意指，提交since then 从那以后;right away 马上;run away 跑掉run out 用完，耗尽;side by side肩并肩;regardas把当作对待；认为是C.记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：distribute vt.disturb vt.double v.draw v.dress v.drive v.drop v.fetch vt.fight v.fill v.finish v.fire v.fit v.fix v.fly v.follow v.,考前知识清理08,I.语法复习：主谓语一致 02）主语是一个抽象概念

39、（包括不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语），谓语动词用单数。）如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有：with,together with,as well as,no less than,rather than,like,but,besides,except,as much as,including,along with.等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数。）each,some,any,no,every 构成的复合代词；one of+复数名词,many a,more than one(a)等所修饰的词作主语，它们的谓语都用单数。）people,police,cattle 等词作主语通常用复数。）majori

40、ty,population,class,family,group,team,crowd,audience,army,government,company,enemy 等集体名词，按意思一致原则，作为整体，看作单数；指其中一个一个成员，看作复数。,II.句型复习：7.It is a pity(a shame.)that.句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should以省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气 III.词汇：A.常用动词用法(08)take take sth.拿，取，带；吃，喝；占领，赢得；take a look at 看一看

41、take a nap 小睡 take a taxi 打的 take a job 接受(工作)take a bet 打赌 take a chance 碰碰运气，冒风险take a risk 冒风险 take a seat坐下take an interest in对有兴趣take a photograph(of)照一张相be taken up with忙于（某事）；喜欢take after 长得像，性格等像take aim 瞄准;take along 随身携带take.as看作，认为;take away 拿走；减去；,take back 收回（诺言，话语等）；送还；退（货）take back to

42、使回想起take care当心;take care to do sth.;take care that take care of 照料，料理，照顾；当心，注意；处理，对付take charge(of)负责（处理某事或照料某人）；接管ake ill(sick)突然生病;take cold 感冒，伤风take control of 控制住，管住;take delight(pleasure)in sth.喜欢（做）某事take delight(pleasure)in doing sth.take down 拿下来，取下来；记下来take effect 开始起作用；生效takefor(to be)st

43、h.（错）当作，以为是takefor granted想当然认为（会是某种情况）；认为是理所当然 take it for granted that;take.for example 以为例take hold of抓住；吸引住,B.短语记忆：be willing to do sth.愿意做devote to 把贡献于go over 复习 succeed in 成功give off放出（气味，热）go by 过去，依照 work hard at 致力于set off(vt.)引起pay off还清take an interest in 对感兴趣 have effect on 对有影响set out

44、出发，开始 have to do with 与有关believe in 信任set sail 启航C.记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：force vt.forget v.form v.frighten vt.gain vt.gather v.grant vt.greet vt.grieve v.guard v.guess v.guid vt.hand vt.handle vt.hang v.happen vi.,考前知识清理09,I.语法复习：虚拟语气1.条件状语从句中的虚拟语气(后退一步法)2.wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气(后退一步法)3.表示建议，请求，命令等词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气(

45、should 加原形)4.表语从句，主语从句中虚拟语气(should 加原形)5.suggestion，insist后从句中不用虚拟语气的问题6.其它从句中的虚拟语气问题Would you mind.did.?would rather sb.did sth.It is time that did sth.7.错综复杂条件状语从句中的虚拟语气8.暗含虚拟语气问题：介词短语表条件；情境中提供虚拟语气II.句型复习：8.It is time(about time,high time)that.句型8中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 用过去时态表示虚拟 should+动词原形，shou

46、ld 不能省常译为是（正是）的时侯,9.It is the first(second.)time that.句型要和句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定，如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换常译为是第一（二）次10.It is.since.句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间时间状语连用的问题主句中是时间作表语，一般是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句一般是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词如果主句是

47、一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时III.词汇：A.常用动词用法(09)do do a good deed 做件好事 do away with 废除，破除，取消，消除，干掉do about sth.对想某种办法或采取某种行为 do everything(all)one can 尽一切努力，尽力去做 do good做好事,do sb.good(harm)=do good(harm)to sb.对有好处（害处）do sb.a favour(kindness)帮一个忙 do sb.the favour to do sth.(that)帮忙做do ones best=try ones best尽最大的努力

48、do ones bit(duty)尽一份力（履行职责，做份内的事）do up 收拾，整理，打扮；包，扎，系 do well 做得对，做得好;do with 处理，安排，多和what连用）do with 想要，需要（多和can连用);do with 受不了，不能（多和cant连用）do something(nothing,anything,little,much)to do with 与.有.关系 do wonder=work wonder 创造奇迹do wrong 做坏事、犯罪do sb.wrong=do wrong to sb.委屈，冤枉某人，做对不起某人的事B.短语记忆：be admitt

49、ed to sp.被录取 take by surprise 对突然袭击/出乎意料,put effort into sth.(致力于)put into prison=send to prison 送入监狱clear up(清理，收拾，打扫)do a word puzzle=do a puzzle in words(猜字谜)keep a certain distance away(保持一定的距离)far below(远远低于)C.记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：imagine vt.impose v.impress vt.improve v.incline v.include vt.increa

50、se v.inform v.injure vt.inquire v.insist v.inspire vt.intend vt.interfere vi.introduce vt.invite vt.,考前知识清理10,I.语法复习：主谓语一致 03）表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词作主语，尽管是复数，谓语动词用单数。）or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not.but.,not only.but also.等连接两个主语时，谓语动词用就近一致原则。）以 there,here,such 引起的句子，而主语又不只一个，谓语动词用就近一致原则。）以what 引起的主语从句，al