中考英语主谓一致.ppt

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1、语法复习专题-主谓一致,一、考点聚焦,1、语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。(1).The number of students in our school_(be)1700.(2).Mary and Kelly_(be)alike.2、意义上一致（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。My family(be)watching TV at 7 oclock yesterday evening.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle、militia等。（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动

2、词用单数。The news(be)very exciting.复数形式代表单数内容的词有news、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的 学科名称physics、politics、economics等。,is,are,were,is,3、就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。并列主语由连词or、either or、neither nor、not only but also 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。Either you or I_(be)mad.Either the teacher or the students(be)to blame.Not only th

3、e students but also their teacher(do)know about it.There be 句型中，也遵循就近原则。There(be)my wife and family to look after.There(be)an apple,two oranges and some bananas on the plate.,am,are,doesnt,is,is,4、应注意的若干问题（1）名词作主语。集体名词family,team,class,group,nation,world,government等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。My fam

4、ily_(be)going out for a trip.The whole family _(be)watching TV.这类词还有audience、club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、party、public、等。Population和“a group(crowd)of+复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。The police _(have)caught the thief.People _(be)talking abo

5、ut the news.单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep _（be）over there.Some sheep_(be)over there.,is,are,is,are,have,are,名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。My uncles_(be)not far from here.常见的省略名词有the bakers,the doctors,the Zhangs等。当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单

6、数。Thirty years _(be)passed.Five minutes _(be)enough to finish the task.不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl in my class _(have)a dictionary.,is,is,is,has,如果主语有more than one 或many a 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student _(have)seen the play.Many a b

7、oy_(have)bought that kind of toy.但是，“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。More members than one(be)against your plan.一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。Your trousers(be)too short.但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of

8、 shoes _(be)on the desk.,has,has,are,are,is,this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。This kind of men _(be)dangerous.Men of this kind

9、_(be)dangerous.复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有 a、such a、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。The/This glass works(be)set up in 1980.The/These glass works(be)near the railway station.,is,are,was,are,(11)如果名词词组中心词是al

10、l、most、half、rest、part等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。All of my students(be)working hard.All of the oil _(be)gone.(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Between the two windows _(hang)an oil painting.（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。用and或both and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truth and hone

11、sty _(be)the best policy.To love and to be loved _(be)the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early _(be)a good habit.A knife and fork_(be)on the table.,are,is,hangs,are,are,is,is,当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with、like,rather than,together with,but,except,beside

12、s,including,in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数根据主语的单、复数而定。The teacher as well as the students(be)excited.The room with its furniture(be)rented.以or,either or,neither nor,not only but also等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。Tom or his brothers(be)waiting in the room.Either you or he(be)to go.Neither you nor I nor anybod

13、y else(know)anything about it.,is/was,is/was,are,is,knows,（3）代词作主语。名词性物主代词后的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours(Our Party)_(be)a great Party.Your shoes _(be)white,mine(=my shoes)_(be)black.such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such _(be)our plan.Such _(be)his last words.关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中

14、作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。I have two sisters,who(be)both students.The train ran over a boy and his dog that(be)just crossing the track.The building which(stand)near the river is our school.,is,are,are,is,are,are,were,stands,疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。“Who(live)next door?”“It is Xiao

15、 Liu.”“Who(live)next door?”“It is Wang and Li.”不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Now all(have)been changed.All(be)present.Lets begin the meeting.（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。(do)any of you know abo

16、ut the accident?None of us(have)seen the film.,lives,live,has,are,Dose/do,has/have,（4）分数、量词作主语。“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语以及由“some,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,a variety of,the rest of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。Lots of damage_(be)caused by

17、 flood.A lot of students _(have)gone to the countryside.A large quantity of beer _(be)sold.(large)quantities of 修饰少数复数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。large amounts of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。Quantities of food(be)on the table.Large amounts of money(be)spent on the bridge.,was,have,was,are/were,were,表示数量的one and a h

18、alf后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half apples_(be)left on the table.half of、(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。Half of the fruit(be)bad.Half of the apples(be)bad.a(great)number of,many,a few修饰可数复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。a little,much,a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数

19、。A number of students(have)gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.A great deal of trouble(lie)before us.,is,is,are,have,lies,the number of+可数复数名词，the amount of+不可数名词，the quantity of+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语作主语时谓语用单数。The number of students in our school(be)increasing.The quantity of books i

20、n the library(be)amazing.The quantity of heat in the office(have)not been increased.The amount of money(be)great.(5)名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构充当时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。The blind(study)in special schools.但指个别时用单数。The departed（死者）(be)a well

21、-known engineer.（6）从句作主语。由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need _(be)more money.What we need_(be)more teachers.,is,is,has,is,study,was,is,are,在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。但是当one前有the only等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是one,因此从句中的谓

22、语动词要用单数形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that _(have)been told by my father.She was the only one of the girls who_(be)late for class today.（7）非谓语动词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。To see(be)to believe.Seeing(be)believing.（8）the+姓的复数形式作主语表示“某人一家人”时，谓语用复数The Turners(be)sitting at the breakfast table.,have,w

23、as,is,is,are,二、精典名题导解（选择填空）,1.One-third of the area _ covered with green trees.About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted.A.are;have B.is;has C.is;haveD.are;has 2.The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside.A.w

24、as;isB.was;are C.were;areD.were;is 3.What _ the population of China?One-third of the population _ workers here.A.is;areB.are;are C.is;isD.are;is 4.Not only he but also we _ right.He as well as we _ right.A.are;areB.are;is C.is;isD.is;are5.What hed like _ a digital watch.What hed like _ textbooks.A.a

25、re;areB.is;is C.is;areD.are;is,C,B,A,B,C,6.He is one of the boys who _ here on time.He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time.A.has come;have come B.have come;has come C.has come;has come D.have come;have come 7.Either you or he _ interested in playing chess._ you or he fond of music at pres

26、ent?A.are;AreB.is;Are C.are;Is D.is;Is8.Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany now.Many scientists _ studied animals and plants in the last two years.A.is;haveB.is;has C.are;have D.is;are 9.A knife and a fork _ on the table.A knife and fork _ on the table.A.is;isB.are;are C.are;is D.

27、is;are 10.Her family _ much larger than mine four years ago.Her family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night.A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;was D.were;were,B,B,A,C,B,11.How and why Jack came to China _ not known.When and where to build the new library _ not been decided.A.is;hasB.are;has C.is;h

28、ave D.are;have12.Now Tom together with his classmates _ football on the playground.A.playB.are playing C.playsD.is playing13.Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.A.is B.are C.were D.be14.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A.are B.is C.were D.was15.Soon a

29、fter the earthquake,every man,woman and child _ about it.A.were talking B.was talking C.talkD.talks,A,D,A,A,B,16.We each _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points.A.have;have B.has;have C.has;has D.have;has17.My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.A.raceB.r

30、aces C.is raced D.is racing18.There _ a pen,two pencils,and three books on the desk.A.are B.is C.has D.have19.The factory,including its machines and buildings,_ burnt last night.A.is B.are C.were D.was20.Climbing hills _ of great help to health.A.is B.are C.were D.be,D,B,B,D,A,21.Time and tide _ for

31、 no man.A.waitB.waited C.is waiting D.has waited22.The injured in the tsunami _ good care of by some medical teams.A.is taken B.are being taken C.are taking D.is being taken23.It is not only J.K.Rowling but her works that _ us excited.A.makes B.is made C.make D.are made24.On the closet _ a pair of t

32、rousers his parents bought for his birthday.A.lying B.lies C.lie D.is laid25.Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A.is B.was C.are D.were,A,B,A,B,B,26.Large quantities of water _ needed for cooling purpose.A.isB.are C.has D.have27.Neither of the novels which _ popular with

33、 us _ been translated into Chinese.A.are,has B.are,have C.is,have D.is,has28.Alice,together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A.Was punished B.punished C.were punished D.have been punished29.Apples of this kind _.A.tastes good B.tastes well C.taste good D.taste well30.The rich _ not always happy.A.are B.is C.will D.may,B,A,A,C,A,