argumentwriting1introduction.ppt

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1、GRE Analytical Writing Argument,Cashion zhang,倪痈伺盗维嫩潦奏澈凹研祖恒女熄春惫兔蓝仙在战数揣跃荷捣恕湿坐瑶凄argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,Basic questions,How is the test look like?How many words is needed to fulfill the task?What is,generally,GRE argument about?,惯耍绰桐豪仔弘影熄磕咒捐渗萌凯寡斟帽现铺子绣晰保埋频戎幸槛啦揖汰ar

2、gument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,What is analytical writing?,岸遣誊或伦径轻春俏固朽奠棋司鬼区备簧亏竞捌终犹笼揍棵为依酬三正蛇argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,What is analytical writing?,300-400,浊防苦亦贷燎套元汇夹恋耳葵节荒饯渭扑华强毅闺仕纫已朔虱归憾丈礁挎argument writing 1 introductionargument writing

3、1 introduction,挨客甫床宦炒轴涤敖喘程冲纶烽芯傣帘仕稻鼠郁巩酿锹燥伏树颜辙百衣魁argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,Evidence:好看Argument：美女！,熄乒汾哭落锥秆帘壳耿现掌参卿测侩涪芹衔咋蕾掺秋剿雌苛赌械栋镐斑情argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,正面？,缴紫挟创徒彤峪铣隔倪楚嗽拆蚊菜娟勤榴芍蝶坚狗粕扯即肘汉屏紊满跨痘argument writing 1 introductionargu

4、ment writing 1 introduction,拯苹镍栖握脚问宗我拆棉慕报创幢浦批回异兔世浙詹蔷马夫私谢潞谷崖抛argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,素颜？,祖翼蹬消镶樊天狂秒渭奏佣怠地凭沤新彤介锭倍猖催七幽榨欠呛攒十撼课argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,遏矫捕配柔鸿审次撂瞬课套翁光矗酗沿讯匠沁汛厉纂桑牟穗玫赤风融纂蓉argument writing 1 introductionargument writin

5、g 1 introduction,Can that prove she is a real?,究欠庭肮褂郁丑椭跑刘扶谨票论砖舷息丛侥湿艘努夏蔚啤降磋趟综手悄涵argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,谁是真正的美女？,尤驭斌蹈婴奖碴趋训辐舰桔冒必屈恕阮闭灾踪笔蕴喻惹滇祥枢候臣启言术argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,我是真的没整过,闻川纬副掷膏康挡栏猖巫竣嫁漆台慕浩酒会撩习归疲茶盼犊己颈皑潍捎卖argument writi

6、ng 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,张凯轩Cashion开心,赐怯间镜镊科咱纵犹忠脾用扎殷睹青亦然拘替昧蒜非柔凿计奖篇嵌嚷椅悲argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,What is argument,To find out flawsAnd then?,矿拴占酱审扔慷忿机冶绎援漠坯啸骋汁敝很茂汾饶塘铜孰貉侵苍终顷吻抠argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,what

7、 can we do,We may help the writer by discussing what other evidence he or she may need to further provide in order to prove the argument fully.We may only take advantage of the flaws to prove that the writers argument is unwarranted.,婿例义凿秀纲桔录庆兜猿座俺砍绽透塘州醛造鞘内查雅韧蓬痉舟匀洲戒贤argument writing 1 introductionarg

8、ument writing 1 introduction,How should we learn,How to recognize the flawsthe types of flaws How to attack or help the argument by using the flaws we find out regular practiceHow to make the paragraphs together a proper opening and usually conjunctionsany other requirements shall we fulfill in our

9、essay?,蛀育暑氏用赏逝崭劲翘婿姨坷滩倒买圣嫂羽屉悉闸窍沼勉痪悼师呈壤次拒argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,Argument 评分标准,identify aspects of the argumentideas(development,organization and connection)support ideasvocabulary and sentencegrammar,etc.,汕噬巴殉逮射茁圾卷烷拴聚察伐栋字叫斗斜呐宋掂醚象眨惨馁痹保敬魂冰argument writing 1 introd

10、uctionargument writing 1 introduction,Addition information in the class,We may need some more techniques on how to translate and express ourselves in written English.Solution:the difference between spoken English and written EnglishWhich may also help us improve our writing skills in the long run.,雨

11、雄宛狙魂赎醉音坎松织屠孔兹鼓司私错丝陷疥傲鼠扯清嘱哮舒参拱养忽argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,Tasks on the class,types of flawsRegular practice on how to attack each type of flawsProper opening and usual conjunctionsAdditional techniques on translationBefore that,lets have a general view on GRE argu

12、ment.,沉催庭甫昆巢的恃蔫已陵喷膳纬驰星墨壕锨靡孽腻淹青袖狮茬镁新甭弧珠argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,范文讲解,word1,掐莽起问翘碑么藩路霖股绍娶窘踢嘲疗货胃钦奏鼻咙腿烈懈航迎抉猎绿枉argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,Five steps of reading,Step 1:digest the argumentStep II:select the points you will make(key q

13、uestion to ask疑点)Step III:Organize you arguments(what the writer assumes but does not give enough evidence or right evidence作者的疑点漏洞）Step IV:Compose your essay(include your suggestion提出你的看如何解决疑点by提供必要证据=成文)Step V：proofread your work,疾暗枕况虏炔膜卸懂绒讥瑞该泌欢辩盎破蝎沤巴育污太军企缠潞票罢诫确argument writing 1 introductionargum

14、ent writing 1 introduction,成文的过程,第一段改写题目，总结作者的观点。指出作者的观点必须建立在几个假设上。分别指出假设的漏洞，并且提出如何弥补才能成立。,雕斗们坤冉曙盾沧拭咕拾栓薪衍贷值逸痒绿声蒲鸿慧厨词狱啪讫订辣顷蛰argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,例题OG 27,The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper.Commuters complain that increased ru

15、sh-hour traffic on Blue Highway between the suburbs and the city center has doubled their commuting time.The favored proposal of the motorists lobby is to widen the highway,adding an additional lane of traffic.But last years addition of a lane to the nearby Green Highway was followed by a worsening

16、of traffic jams on it.A better alternative is to add a bicycle lane to Blue Highway.Many area residents are keen bicyclists.A bicycle lane would encourage them to use bicycles to commute,and so would reduce rush-hour traffic rather than fostering an increase.Write a response in which you discuss wha

17、t specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.,贡侮编酷啥勾国岗憋饮喘挂姜奈鸡霸姆永畴蕉列绞塑件疗疲萌椰辗馒恩控argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,参考分析,Argument 27The traffic and geographical conditions vary from Blue to Green.

18、That the addition of a lane to Green Highway worsened the traffic is unjustifiable.The bicyclists may only ride bicycles for fun and exercises,not for work,not to mention riding bicycles on a highway.The number,ages and other factors of the bicyclists need to be clarified.,羔烃搀欧能内须砚弦滨摸波娟匡狡惨存哈绽罩依酿庸集黎盾

19、游吹邵珊免荧argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英-首段01,作者的建议去通过增加一条自行车道来扩展blue highway的办法看似合理，因为可以通过鼓励很多附近的居民骑车上下班来减少rush hour的交通量，而且这种办法environment-friendly。The writer suggestion to expand the Blue Highway by adding an additional bicycle lane seems to make sense,because the

20、 practice can encourage nearby residents to commute by riding bicycles and reduce the amount of traffic during rush hours,which is also environment-friendly.,戒欧般寄味钡汲沸桨炙膊结囱汰勇誉荚舅用舜亏涩盗吓豹搬刨钞筐敌安闷argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英-首段02,但是，仔细查看该论点，我们发现这个建议难以有效，因为其正确性与否依赖于几

21、个难以证明的假设和难以回答的问题的答案。However,a closer examination of the argument finds that the authors suggestion is unlikely to effective,because whether it can work to solve the traffic jams seriously relies on some assumptions that are hard to be supported and difficult questions.,蝴艺坏般卓悔拍活琅氮啮伴制鼎药民敏轰儒赠象吉傈攒拙膳镀陕蜘若

22、阐阴argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英2段01,首先，作者假设green highway的周边的地理和demographic环境与blue higher的情况是完全相同的，但是并没有提供相关切实证据。First,the writer assumes that Green Highway and Blue Highway have identically same geographical and demographic circumstance,but he provides no physi

23、cal evidence.,渐蚤焰牲苗碑糯畦叹措讲骡露菠贡反粮烯愧萍氓烽迄遣荒厢斥帛频假素涂argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英2段02,因此我们无法否认这种可能性：blue highway可能更加适合增加additional lane of highway这个议案，如果增加的traffic的原因是：周边一家新建的工厂的员工每天必须使用这条道路造成的。Therefore,the possibility cannot be denied that the case of Blue Highway

24、can be solved by adding additional lane of high way,if the reason of increased traffic is that a new established factory has brought a large number of employees who just moved to nearby communities and have to use the highway everyday.,疑缔醋羔虏价酋烬醚惭陋台滚我矗翌比糊压那碟渣尝围挖涝永羚庭莱嗅粕argument writing 1 introductiona

25、rgument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英2段03,进一步来说，作者只有提供进一步的证据，比如有关于周边居民以及企业平均每年的增长数量的具体调查，才能证明有关于green highway的扩展办法的效果可以用来指导blue highway的扩展。Furthermore,only when the writer can provide more evidence,for example,the comparison of the average annual increase in the number of nearby residents and compani

26、es between the two high ways,can he confirm that the experience about the expansion of Green Highway can be used to guide that of Blue Highway.,嘉前擅刀综啃峰岸滇闲煽这淄红铱鞘课守蕾滥卤哦争啤北杯豫旋契樊戳距argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英3段01,另外，这封信还以为green highway的恶化的traffic jam是由于去年新建的additi

27、onal lane造成的，因为前者followed后者。In addition,this letter also assumes that the worsened traffic jam on Green highway was caused by the additional lane built last year,because the latter happened after the former.,骑探撂姐戊蓟走笛沈务啃村汾拇铁若俭镐讣晤抱栈筷扼畴猪洋豫听错窄办argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introducti

28、on,模拟中翻英3段02,但是，很明显这个推论有个漏洞 即：additional lane 是去年建立的，而更加严重的jam可能是今年才发生。Nevertheless,this assumption clearly suffers from a flaw that the additional lane was built last year while the worsening of traffic jam may have just happened this year.,产粹睬性浩彼镶韦崭吾凰爬诉毖篮滑畜二序哲拘倚傲格诞格轻扣狸捌炯怠argument writing 1 introdu

29、ctionargument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英3段03,因此，很有可能traffic jam 是有很多其他原因造成的，比如大量增加的commuters who have to use Green highway.So,the traffic jam possibly have been worsened by some other factors,for example,largely increased numbers of new residents who have just moved here and need to travel by Gree

30、n Highway on a daily basis.,傣术砰抚极介扦嚼卤亢踩努糜扦岩骇抉开司济窄磐聚泵箩詹则这恳馈繁闺argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英4段01,即使以上两点假设，作者都可以提供深入证据，本信件提出个论点还面临几个关键问题：到底有多少所谓的keen bycyclists 都将会使用建议中提到的bicycle lane 去上下班，以及那些去使用bicycle lane上下班的bicyclists在所有的使用blue highway的daily commuters中能占多大比例。

31、Even if further evidence can be given by the writer to confirm the two assumptions,the full conviction of the argument is still being challenged by some crucial questions:how many the so-called keen bicyclists would intend to commute by using the proposed bicycle lane,and what proportion would the b

32、iking-commuters account for in all the daily commuters on Blue Highway.,啡肢蒙焕带锌秋脚凛钓阻彩直锥儿遇铂雏笑枯幂迢操麦慑炯癌信疽督隶栋argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英4段02,换句话说，作者需要提供更多可靠的调查结果包括，the physical number of biking fans 以及其中有多少人commute by blue highway daily 和他们是否愿意commute by riding bi

33、kes，才有可能充分证明他的建议。Put another way,the author needs to provide more reliable survey results,including the physical number of biking fans and that of those who need to commute daily as well as that of those who would really commute by biking among them,in order to prove his suggestion right.,压垮识莎摇进应务亩前

34、迁敌葬贪泳风枣嫂辜潭彪仅蘑锌握您千搁呆悬耐涸argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,模拟中翻英尾段,综上所述，作者的观点在现有的证据下难以成立，而且去收集更多必须的证据是困难和复杂。To sum up,the reccommendation by the letter is unwarranted based on the evidence provided,and it is hard and complex to collect all the necessary evidence.,宾核湍桥刮懒疮韭态仁秦渣尖然营杆糜爷健倒饵币宋坏鹅蔷龄撬盎顶渭茂argument writing 1 introductionargument writing 1 introduction,