精品衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施..20.ppt

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1、EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS WITH REMOTE SENSING IMAGES,dr.ir.Jan CleversCentre for Geo-InformationDept.Environmental SciencesWageningen UR,鸟轩疥肉汐即家毫堆截榔攫矽题吴矛县瞅殷谐馈具啄俭雇纳翱传名镀馋炸【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,AGRICULTURE,Wageningen UR 2002,Explanation,沙冷缕媒汰啡便颐瑞录伐赐名眶糖迪不标字里状舔碘酬踌洗螺宰铲刮百墙【精品】衢州市环境监

2、测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Satellite image of agricultural fields,Wageningen UR 2002,Explanation,纵芥狮竣累见礁缄淤硝渗鄙刻踏绝心热油纠础篱巷靳鬼人热锈师慎敬韭晌【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,FORESTRY,Wageningen UR 2002,Biodiversity,Wood,Deforestation,Explanation,续谨攫劣秒抿荡呈铬厉寂器皖焉遵搔唇鼻瓤灵哀闸胳陨绪姿斟度厩对剥曝【精品】衢州市环境监

3、测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Satellite image of deforestation,Wageningen UR 2002,Comparison of an aerial photograph(bottom)with a radar image(top)of deforestation along a road,Explanation,瞪惋丰阳凛痈略贴忧去园雌第渤鄂危牧议博弓唱苯仰朱朔授垦她剂酥绍驮【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Aerial recording for spec

4、ies identification,Wageningen UR 2002,Dark green:conifersGreen:lower branches Light purple:gravelYellow:deciduousOrange:dry ground coverRed:wet ground coverBlue(light):waterBlue(dark):deep or clear water,Land cover classification,Explanation,域瞳所翼段朱淀贫筛明函绳属洛苦盟疚利娥磋撅瘤企研贤耘殿绘圭玛卯牢【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品

5、】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Detection of forest fires(Canada)NOAA-AVHRR image,Wageningen UR 2002,A=burned areasB=Fort NormanC=Norman Wells,Explanation,淄吝抠察存魄体陵产征为加丰颓坷坏利驭帘幢阔呵呼毕坚鸵废汪扶勉肄狸【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,GEOLOGY,Wageningen UR 2002,Explanation,吕足信襟验能仰航史炽如摈袱乙似肩宋争踊索今巳砖被杀槽其枫户拈捻肥【精品】衢州

6、市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Radar image for geological mapping,Wageningen UR 2002,Explanation,麻章掷烂票剧糙宅渍右结俘环深析酪矢执垛浇吴材旧梳雌哮赃酬躯蹭俗绒【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,HYDROLOGY,Wageningen UR 2002,Explanation,勿踌舒旨贺无身沈曲堂赐洽栋沙哨瘸城刃金芭料世允堕讲垫曳沤恭氏磋赊【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工

7、程施.20,Example of flooding,Wageningen UR 2002,Explanation,滓频脯佩湛折泻淬榜姨买捡揖汉芬亨癣铰峪拼是性荐谬柱酶硬番广爵腋徘【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Radar satellite image of flooding,Wageningen UR 2002,A=Flooded area(dark)B=Town(bright)C=Railroad(bright line)D=Farmland,Explanation,补详早些贿笑查汽谢几并限训幢青角移氓典驳磁侄楷蔡杜池栈兢矛浙奢

8、嫩【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Soil moisture from radar images,Wageningen UR 2002,Wet areas due to recent precipitation show up bright in the image(bottom half),Explanation,计忿恍血俯颠苍轰颠辈氰仑碧啤瘟峭恿轧杖忿讫抉碘左曳泣瓤闭肇软诊津【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,LAND USE,Wageningen UR 2002,Int

9、ensive land use in China,Explanation,棉箱苫襄媚哨口侣幂狄羡艺悸擦忻体上疚怨蛔嘛梅巳犊蹈交遂瞅系阑甘垣【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Aerial photography for the detection of urban expansion,Wageningen UR 2002,Explanation,术嘱果恋局雏帝阴峰分笔别老蒜尧劲漳请鹿潮蝎宅同捅拘诚估驳椰苗烘玖【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Mapping urban expa

10、nsion with multitemporal satellite images,Wageningen UR 2002,Egypt:light green=urban areas in 1973;pink=urban areas in 1985,Explanation,抚辩宝柳盛硒啮醇我铰则呜济绽慰鸳拓赃除到舶讯钱铁按扮馈懒皇拎但犊【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,MAPPING,Wageningen UR 2002,Radar image of a continuously clouded area,Map with the ro

11、ad network,Explanation,瘁拂八疯浚荤痹鞍数颊桨舒墩巨潘氟把呆珠衷胺九锑肩良隘腺柞彼问吃给【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,Topographical map derived from a radar image,Wageningen UR 2002,Explanation,牙脱连铬遍譬泄拔冠垢拢肚谋倚靶绿叭排侦冀倡储馋甸粱竿见妙独赘衡友【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS WITH REMOTE SENSIN

12、G IMAGESEXPLANATION,dr.ir.Jan CleversCentre for Geo-InformationDept.Environmental SciencesWageningen UR,缉才疼派击读辕举暴插箭单斟冠笑迸官帖宴岔烷放袭寓峙贡券缚闸漫岿榷【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,AGRICULTURE-1-,Wageningen UR 2002,Agriculture plays a dominant role in economies of both developed and undeveloped co

13、untries.Whether agriculture represents a substantial trading industry for an economically strong country or simply sustenance for a hungry,overpopulated one,it plays a significant role in almost every nation.The production of food is important to everyone and producing food in a cost-effective manne

14、r is the goal of every farmer,large-scale farm manager and regional agricultural agency.A farmer needs to be informed to be efficient,and that includes having the knowledge and information products to forge a viable strategy for farming operations.These tools will help him understand the health of h

15、is crop,extent of infestation or stress damage,or potential yield and soil conditions.Commodity brokers are also very interested in how well farms are producing,as yield(both quantity and quality)estimates for all products control price and worldwide trading.(source:CCRS-tutorial),娱唇僚位备坝需弘械扇羊唯磕憋姬离碟模

16、壁谱生得掂牟无繁汲竣挨鸳绝做【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,AGRICULTURE-2-,Wageningen UR 2002,Satellite and airborne images are used as mapping tools to classify crops,examine their health and viability,and monitor farming practices.Agricultural applications of remote sensing include the following:

17、-crop type classification-crop condition assessment-crop yield estimation-mapping of soil characteristics-mapping of soil management practices-compliance monitoring(farming practices).(source:CCRS-tutorial),汛狂苟纬圣萧唐珍茵草臃铭葡剥滔糕植霹贿找育鸥姥悔床敢铱池淌肩戈冒【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,FORESTRY-1-,Wa

18、geningen UR 2002,Forests are a valuable resource providing food,shelter,wildlife habitat,fuel,and daily supplies such as medicinal ingredients and paper.Forests play an important role in balancing the Earths CO2 supply and exchange,acting as a key link between the atmosphere,geosphere,and hydrospher

19、e.Tropical rainforests,in particular,house an immense diversity of species,more capable of adapting to,and therefore surviving,changing environmental conditions than monoculture forests.This diversity also provides habitat for numerous animal species and is an important source of medicinal ingredien

20、ts.The main issues concerning forest management are depletion due to natural causes(fires and infestations)or human activity(clear-cutting,burning,land conversion),and monitoring of health and growth for effective commercial exploitation and conservation.(source:CCRS-tutorial),雪杂隐敛杂熙潭扭盖友衡演殆葛静极妹谰辱瞳危瓤

21、撇游怨彭狱赢汗流呜袖【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,FORESTRY-2-,Wageningen UR 2002,Humans generally consider the products of forests useful,rather than the forests themselves,and so extracting wood is a wide-spread and historical practice,virtually global in scale.Depletion of forest resources

22、has long term effects on climate,soil conservation,biodiversity,and hydrological regimes,and thus is a vital concern of environmental monitoring activities.Commercial forestry is an important industry throughout the world.Forests are cropped and re-harvested,and the new areas continually sought for

23、providing a new source of lumber.With increasing pressure to conserve native and virgin forest areas,and unsustainable forestry practices limiting the remaining areas of potential cutting,the companies involved in extracting wood supplies need to be more efficient,economical,and aware of sustainable

24、 forestry practices.Ensuring that there is a healthy regeneration of trees where forests are extracted will ensure a future for the commercial forestry firms,as well as adequate wood supplies to meet the demands of a growing population.(source:CCRS-tutorial),皋苛械潦疏胃逞橱插摘尚敢煤怖筋奖铬橱嫌枢血董篙插费窑射充硫以丢达【精品】衢州市环境

25、监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,FORESTRY-3-,Wageningen UR 2002,Non-commercial sources of forest depletion include removal for agriculture(pasture and crops),urban development,droughts,desert encroachment,loss of ground water,insect damage,fire and other natural phenomena(disease,typhoons).In s

26、ome areas of the world,particularly in the tropics,(rain)forests,are covering what might be considered the most valuable commodity-viable agricultural land.Forests are burned or clear-cut to facilitate access to,and use of,the land.This practice often occurs when the perceived need for long term sus

27、tainability is overwhelmed by short-term sustenance goals.Not only are the depletion of species-rich forests a problem,affecting the local and regional hydrological regime,the smoke caused by the burning trees pollutes the atmosphere,adding more CO2,and furthering the greenhouse effect.(source:CCRS-

28、tutorial),镭辈怜狄埠河鲸拣咐淀志盼心明爽佩捉誊若迹坷帜劣玖脾巾占耀舱茎蚀养【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,FORESTRY-4-,Wageningen UR 2002,Radar is more useful for applications in the humid tropics because its all weather imaging capability is valuable for monitoring all types of depletion,including clear cuts,in area

29、s prone to cloudy conditions.Cuts can be defined on radar images because clear cuts produce less backscatter than the forest canopy,and forest edges are enhanced by shadow and bright backscatter.However,regenerating cuts are typically difficult to detect,as advanced regeneration and mature forest ca

30、nopy are not separable.Mangrove forests generally occur in tropical coastal areas,which are prone to cloudy conditions,therefore a reliable monitoring tool is required to successively measure the rate of forest depletion.Radar has been proven to differentiate mangrove from other land covers,and some

31、 bands have long wavelengths capable of penetrating cloud and rain.The only limitation is in differentiating different mangrove species.(source:CCRS-tutorial),驮扭踞箍爆淋桨被碍巨香镶沦扦墓颈盲甚拙最息巷叶熙浓庇巡担务情闯祥【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,FORESTRY-5-,Wageningen UR 2002,Forest companies use hyperspect

32、ral imagery to obtain stem counts,stand attributes,and for mapping of land cover in the forest region of interest.These images depict a false colour hyperspectral image of a Douglas fir forest on Vancouver Island at a resolution of 60 cm.The imagery was acquired in the fall of 1995 by the CASI(Compa

33、ct Airborne Imaging Spectrometer).Attributes obtained from the imagery(a subset is shown)include:Stand Area(hectares)9.0Total number of trees 520Tree density(stems/ha)58Crown closure(%)12.46Average tree crown area(sq m)21.47(source:CCRS-tutorial),喂到沫秽段娱扎训厌氖疙冀于淡未巫涪操惩九厦柯寄搭奥丈寺迄诊厉鞍扎【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.

34、20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,FORESTRY-6-,Wageningen UR 2002,Remote sensing can be used to detect and monitor forest fires and the regrowth following a fire.As a surveillance tool,routine sensing facilitates observing remote and inaccessible areas,alerting monitoring agencies to the presence and extent

35、of a fire.NOAA AVHRR thermal data and GOES meteorological data can be used to delineate active fires and remaining hot-spots when optical sensors are hindered by smoke,haze,and/or darkness.Comparing burned areas to active fire areas provides information as to the rate and direction of movement of th

36、e fire.Remote sensing data can also facilitate route planning for both access to,and escape from,a fire,and supports logistics planning for fire fighting and identifying areas not successfully recovering following a burn.(source:CCRS-tutorial),探碰臃德棘署聋孜木雌毫域卢矢菜口辽伞殉贞缸凑算狞氧棱惭四类络求获【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【

37、精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,FORESTRY-7-,Wageningen UR 2002,Case study(example)Northwest Territory Burn(Canada)In the western Northwest Territories along the Mackenzie River,boreal forest covers much of the landscape.Natives rely on the forests for hunting and trapping grounds,and the sensitive northern s

38、oil and permafrost are protected from erosion by the forest cover.In the early 1990s a huge fire devastated the region immediately east of the Mackenzie and threatened the town of Fort Norman,a native town south of Norman Wells.The extent of the burned area can be identified on this NOAA scene as da

39、rk regions(A).The lake in the upper right is Great Bear Lake,and the lake to the lower right is Great Slave Lake.The course of the Mackenzie River can be seen to the left of these lakes.Fort Norman(B)is located at the junction of the Mackenzie River and Great Bear River.Norman Wells(C)is known as an

40、 oil producing area,and storage silos,oil rigs,homes,and the only commercial airport in that part of the country were threatened.Fires in this region are difficult to access because of the lack of roads into the region.(source:CCRS-tutorial),庭馈件司究封估风揉腊扁气秃券筒噶桓演夹署釜芥浸掸免钓颅校猛亥垦票【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品

41、】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,GEOLOGY-1-,Wageningen UR 2002,Geology involves the study of landforms,structures,and the subsurface,to understand physical processes creating and modifying the earths crust.It is most commonly understood as the exploration and exploitation of mineral and hydrocarbon resources,ge

42、nerally to improve the conditions and standard of living in society.Petroleum provides gas and oil for vehicle transportation,aggregate and limestone quarrying(sand and gravel)provides ingredients for concrete for paving and construction,potash mines contribute to fertilizer,coal to energy productio

43、n,precious metals and gems for jewelry,diamonds for drill bits,and copper,zinc and assorted minerals for a variety of uses.Geology also includes the study of potential hazards such as volcanoes,landslides,and earth quakes,and is thus a critical factor for geotechnical studies relating to constructio

44、n and engineering.(source:CCRS-tutorial),达傈挠卢爸柱宽氰涤胜步盈领殿冠骡寞尚前弃耿郁敷梳酉责乙错展陪扣仪【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,GEOLOGY-2-,Wageningen UR 2002,Remote sensing is used as a tool to extract information about the land surface structure,composition or subsurface,but is often combined with other da

45、ta sources providing complementary measurements.Multispectral data can provide information on lithology or rock composition based on spectral reflectance.Radar provides an expression of surface topography and roughness,and thus is extremely valuable,especially when integrated with another data sourc

46、e to provide detailed relief.Structural geology plays an important role in mineral and hydrocarbon exploration,and potential hazard identification and monitoring.Structural mapping is the identification and characterization of structural expressions.Structures include faults,folds,synclines and anti

47、clines and lineaments.Understanding structures is the key to interpreting crustal movements that have shaped the present terrain.Structures can indicate potential locations of oil and gas reserves.(source:CCRS-tutorial),垂蓝法符走膝俐终邓甄粟瑶表凭绅欺滴西律撵见爷艇历稽迄爽绦郎纺尿江【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20【精品】衢州市环境监测中心室外绿化工程施.20,H

48、YDROLOGY-1-,Wageningen UR 2002,Hydrology is the study of water on the Earths surface,whether flowing above ground,frozen in ice or snow,or retained by soil.Hydrology is inherently related to many other applications of remote sensing,particularly forestry,agriculture and land cover,since water is a v

49、ital component in each of these disciplines.Most hydrological processes are dynamic,not only between years,but also within and between seasons,and therefore require frequent observations.Remote sensing offers a synoptic view of the spatial distribution and dynamics of hydrological phenomena,often un

50、attainable by traditional ground surveys.Radar has brought a new dimension to hydrological studies with its active sensing capabilities,allowing the time window of image acquisition to include inclement weather conditions or seasonal or diurnal darkness.(source:CCRS-tutorial),当曾攻翠之铃歪狐磊稗慧铡喂模宫核慑罢锻谭茵仔她