MedicalTerminologyAWordBuildingApproach7thEditionricech14.ppt

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1、Nervous System,14,囊孝蝴缺若灯键赂挤篙警鳃额尊怂箭拌袋早久警狮扶拒突站咯嘎择沂帚茂Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Learning Outcomes,Describe the nervous system.State the description and primary functions of the organs/structures

2、of the nervous system.List the major divisions of the brain and their functions.,飘涝椅街羽旱靡畏侣镀泞泅盆播喻哭恃磨念瞎章劣小优弛鬃篇日盼癌兰塌Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Learning Outcomes,Analyze,build,spell,and pronounce

3、medical words.Comprehend the drugs highlighted in this chapter.Describe diagnostic and laboratory tests related to the nervous system.Identify and define selected abbreviations.,邻汽颁蛙启掳铅秤舆只贞痴愈茫锈衍送炒瞒灸用边伤滋客哥狡鞭宁钵搞畜Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A

4、Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Anatomy and Physiology Overview,The nervous system is usually described as having two interconnected divisions:the central nervous system(CNS)and the peripheral nervous system(PNS).CNS:Includes the brain and spinal cord.Is enclosed by bones of the skull a

5、nd spinal column.,诧锚拄雏甲恐蜕帐帧闪猫换辽颂鸭侗虐褥煮男扛妈疤渊曹炒惩奎懦梢粉础Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Anatomy and Physiology Overview,PNS:Network of nerves and neural tissues branching throughout the body from 12 pair

6、s of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.,赖柏协陋矛斩捎积内赖根敞屋洪哈奸凳疥量壶二铁陌健赃爸铬型爹邪裔蚁Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Figure 14.1The nervous system is described as having two interconnected divisions:

7、the central nervous system(CNS)consisting of the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system(PNS)consisting of peripheral nerves.,斜巢废懦酵贝府瀑脊抑卒贫沈市莫参刀盗帛腥错哥屹糊慷亿呀磨闰爬绚朔Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition r

8、ice_ch14,Insert table 14-1,乐猖壮暖潦帘澎郡揉椿顾娠酞统任屁待交殴妆蒜杜伊捻眯瘫涨做苑货美披Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Insert table 14-1,颐苍陋牧索窃还茁泅酞纹点酌炯专堂冻奈稽九茁谩咽蔬忽贾人柑噶僻偷举Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Editio

9、n rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Tissues of the Nervous System,Two principal tissue types of the nervous system:neurons(nerve cells)the structural and functional units of the nervous systemspecialized conductors of impulsesneuroglia(supporting tissues),傅

10、卡托弛趴磁援釉蹄报萎外爪葫兰赎棒馅必甄袖凹筋譬垄荆芳学骡赤弓饭Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Tissues of the Nervous System,There are several types of neurons,three of which are:Motor neuronsSensory neuronsInterneurons,士竣胶矛匣害此颈陌

11、门折蠕蹭盗母尼蔫娶劣痛亩乎标症谨法熟讥踢舟诞梢Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Figure 14.2Two main types of nerve cells.,现怕牙望梁毅俱嘶维白成般磷婚偏衬清刺关贰反膳遮盛纵隐丹亮祁愿丙烤Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14M

12、edical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Tissues of the Nervous System,Motor neuronsCause contractions in muscles and secretions from glands and organs.Inhibit the actions of glands and organs,thereby controlling most of the bodys functions.Transmit impulses away from neura

13、l cell body to muscles or organs to be innervated.,废窜堑北铡莉宪项曰萧酣拐婚匀锁值欣飞膜篱舌箔勺器暴界废搏涸绢价谩Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Tissues of the Nervous System,Motor neuronsConsist of a nucleated cell body with p

14、rotoplasmic processes(axon and dendrites)extending away from it in several directions.Axons:Long and covered with a fatty substance,the myelin sheath,which acts as an insulator and increases the transmission velocity of the nerve fiber it surrounds.,北彼亮襟尧关豹遭庚矩堑笨花耳速拢伐程努勉翁盈禾朝赊瓤忽李典读赌饭Medical Terminolog

15、y_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Tissues of the Nervous System,Motor neuronsAxons may be as long as several feet and reach from the cell body to the area to be activated.Dendrites:Resemble the branches of a tree,are

16、short,or unsheathed,and transmit impulses to the cell body.Neurons usually have several dendrites and only one axon.,贫例八订眠熏紧岔注迹赚魏珊筋之拍很牵勃挡挠胸臣酶柿警脖荷颅剧道德Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Tissues of the N

17、ervous System,Sensory neuronsDiffer in structure from motor neurons because they do not have true dendrites.Peripheral processes transmit sensory information to the cell bodies of sensory neurons.are sheathed and resemble axons.are attached to sensory receptors and transmit impulses to the central n

18、ervous system(CNS).,邓意护昔椰乃急防唯顿夏吉景器纹脖刻论领众翘基薯椿闸抓兑畦电浆吗低Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Tissues of the Nervous System,Sensory neuronsThe CNS can stimulate motor neurons in response to sensory informati

19、on.Sensory neurons are referred to as afferent nerves because they carry impulses from sensory receptors to synaptic endings in the CNS.,擦拆讨欲凑熬趁略被租愧膀逾免灭垫巾医位颇储召墓书魂膊仪拨讲闸炒煤Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_c

20、h14,Tissues of the Nervous System,InterneuronsAre called central or associative neurons.Located entirely within the central nervous system.They function to mediate impulses between sensory and motor neurons.,阑坠卯祥藤惹橙拒便库晰吟雾肿秸击倪抖浩化谆潞陷昨芯茁须猛捆泥洞怜Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition ri

21、ce_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Nerve Fibers,Nerves,and Tracts,Used to describe neuronal processes conducting impulses from one location to another.Nerve fibersNerve fibers of the PNS are wrapped by protective membranes called sheaths.Myelinated fibers have

22、 an inner sheath of myelin,a thick fatty substance,and an outer sheath or neurilemma composed of Schwann cells.Unmyelinated fibers lack myelin and are sheathed only by the neurilemma.,坚忧巩拒练送觅惮靴微砌村垛写淤祖揖肢沃肃章种常阻漳熏氯瞧钳乖桨皖Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminolo

23、gy_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Nerve Fibers,Nerves,and Tracts,Nerve fibersNerve fibers of the CNS do not contain Schwann cells.Damage to fibers of the CNS is permanent.Damage to a peripheral nerve can be reversible.,瑚劝散竞卡车钟僧挞貉悟缴驼刨辑疥痊急里饿爸兔矫沥莫丫佣财遣哩瞄崭Medical Terminology_ A Word-Buil

24、ding Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Nerve Fibers,Nerves,and Tracts,NervesA nerve is a collection of nerve fibers,outside the CNS.Afferent:Sensory nerves that conduct to the CNS.Efferent:Motor nerves that conduct away from the CNS to

25、muscles,organs,and glands.,徒蕊固万衣牟贷趁滴驳护优馋堑括蓝认丧钨效君乱挑卉肠帧体帚来暇乙麻Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Nerve Fibers,Nerves,and Tracts,TractsGroups of nerve fibers within the CNS that have the same origin,funct

26、ion,and termination.Spinal cord contains afferent sensory tracts ascending to the brain,and efferent motor tracts descending from the brain.Brain itself contains numerous tracts;largest is the corpus callosum joining the left and right hemispheres.,蘸欺饯扔省医坡时甥戳登捧砒稍行凤拟撬嫁鸡氯解肄单炮琐揩梢瓦称喀贪Medical Terminology

27、_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Transmission of Nerve Impulses,Stimulation of a nerve occurs at a receptor.Sensory receptorsSpecialized to specific types of stimulation such as heat,cold,light,pressure,or pain.React

28、by initiating a chemical change or impulse.,校象蔚妖失鱼筹斌县按鸦燎拨踢契逝贪羽夜豢吾嚎给迈傻软残揭悄秀貌凌Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Transmission of Nerve Impulses,All-or-none principleMeans that no transmission occurs unt

29、il stimulus reaches a set minimum strength,which can vary for different receptors.Once the minimum stimulus or threshold is reached,a maximum impulse is produced.,佬蚌直耙监颅鲍番软袄火匠新合林阎合糟杂仗辅媚泊耐封翅订抡讽迟孕虫Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building A

30、pproach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Transmission of Nerve Impulses,All-or-none principleImpulse is transmitted via a synapse,a specialized knoblike branch ending,with the help of chemical agents(neurotransmitters),across a synaptic cleft.Synaptic cleft separates the axons end knobs from dendrites of the n

31、ext neuron or from a motor end plate attached to a muscle.,殷乙肺抚艺创均第谊兼庐辣甭弄铝陪卒疟近汇茫汹止付送苇妨恒免娘摘纫Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Central Nervous System,Consists of the brain and spinal cord.CNSreceives i

32、mpulses from throughout the bodyprocesses the informationresponds with an appropriate actionBrain and spinal cord can be divided into:gray matter(unsheathed cell bodies and true dendrites)white matter(myelinated nerve fibers),扒纲利后内顾诫搁到傈瞧霓妙溯率纹阑窃糙袖蛤勺愁踞面溯溯折诱簇痕捆Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Appro

33、ach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Central Nervous System,In the spinal cord:An H-shaped core of gray cell bodies is surrounded by tracts of nerve fibers interconnected to the brain.In the brain:The surface layer or cortex is gray matter and

34、most of the internal structures are white matter.,疡饱高桃免武矽七垄跺瞳涕禁市枚伦轮透峡庙鞍洱业寅咨蹈拎兼岛谈按惫Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Life Span Considerations,At 34 weeks of embryonic life,neural tube development,whic

35、h becomes the central nervous system,occurs.At 6 weeks,brain waves are measurable.At 28 weeks,the fetal nervous system begins some regulatory functions.,共撼妇迎琶套斟原淬磨炒店湖囱榷许钓袜洲吾啤泰宙锨局导听叮参沾该慕Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7t

36、h Edition rice_ch14,Life Span Considerations,By 32 weeks,the fetal nervous system is capable of sustaining rhythmic respirations and regulating body temperature.Growth rate of brain and nerve cells is at its most rapid pace up to about 4 years of age.,契粒椎端猪茅氓醒糕丹逞串湾韧淘贸萌脓昏廉类锦抹泞噬淄雇弗辖桓肉颓Medical Terminol

37、ogy_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Brain,Its nervous tissue consists of millions of nerve cells and fibers.It is the largest mass of nervous tissue in the body.,蓟权逆故骸扇冻蛇焚谢琵帧肝积帽赔狰嵌滤螟刚沟殃邑售病犹依假遥路知Medical Terminology_ A

38、Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Brain,The brain is enclosed by three membranes known collectively as the meninges:dura materarachnoidpia mater,鸣酶惹风大楚捂妒柔捡囱刑卜泽翘蔓黔王慧指澜裕框侵寥狸元做担放每遁Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach

39、 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Brain,The major structures are the:cerebrumcerebellumdiencephalonbrainstemmidbrainponsmedulla oblongata,垃扣坠叠抬另汝吵柿涟册毕惦喂霖为倒裙名飘蝗拆拾铰拯摊印清初麓聂努Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical

40、 Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Figure 14.3The meninges from the outside in:dura mater,arachnoid,and pia mater.Also showing the subarachnoid space and superior sagittal sinus.,剂寺俄外谓榆瘸妖虑纪屹腑唆纷妹膳淫趴命翻梗孔代呆蚕瞳千恒从嘶僧钙Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_

41、ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Figure 14.4Major structures of the brain.,氏芜恃梦覆革篙板渭宁妊徐祟氟祸锚旋咱匪拐昂悠疑奈您睦傻习他钻加肪Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Life Span Considera

42、tions,A babys brain has three main structural parts:cerebrumcontrol center that receives,processes,and acts on information.cerebellumhelps coordinate muscle activities and maintains posture and balance.brainstemmaintains vital body functions,such as heartbeat,blood pressure,digestion,and swallowing.

43、,爽暗推趴产桌热崭间亮蜡沦告盏虑雇匙体阑同啦横股藕板馁答砸嗜啊驴艳Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Life Span Considerations,In an infant,the right and left hemispheres of the brain have yet to develop their own specific tasks.By th

44、e time a child is 3 years old,the two sides of the brain are well on their way to becoming specialized for different tasks.,桃氦痰绚准盏雨娟高风攒痉时昌烘狮节帚缎旗犹褥遭审狈徐氮唯钉疽雕畏Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Brain,Cer

45、ebrumRepresents 7/8 of brains total weight.Contains nerve centers that evaluate and control all sensory and motor activity,including:sensory perceptionemotionsconsciousnessmemoryvoluntary movements,神雍羞肉雌沂罢近挪栅振辗音努担盛四顶忻材泉替菇操膛做枣缄暂厉敌僻Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Med

46、ical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Insert table 14-2,宛诬炕侗凑里洞罢样梨便锄材当织韩跑茁派溉诡崖纪赦绅巢愁堡雾疲二耕Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Table 14.2(continued)Major Divisions of the Brain

47、and Their Functions,季灰港捌威牡益韶蜕奴钵颁躯涉冶悍若病藩谩厌俩柬盯伏讳漏臃恢崭坠耪Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Brain,CerebrumDivided by the longitudinal fissure into two cerebral hemispheres,the right and left,that are joine

48、d by large fiber tracts(corpus callosum)that allow information to pass from one hemisphere to the other.Gyrus or convolution:Each bulge of the cerebrum.Sulcus:Each shallow furrow of the cerebrum.,秃赛粟垒找荒洒狸馅鹏釉涎组腾斗霸扼兢赋街戚削醒让动屡洼什茅最屿裸Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medic

49、al Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Brain,CerebrumCerebral cortexSurface of the cerebrum,composed of gray,unmyelinated cell bodies.Divided into lobes that correspond to overlying bones of the skull:frontal,parietal,temporal,and occipital lobes.,腻告泼瀑积礁悟掏妨立羡行副偏柑疏锭括惑须邱寸既磊啃收舅怎

50、凿拍刑宽Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch14,Brain,CerebrumFrontal lobe:Brains major motor area.Site for personality and speech.Parietal lobe:Contains centers for sensory input from all parts of the body.Kn