北京十三陵英语导游词.doc

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1、北京十三陵英语导游词 北京十三陵英语导游词1Now you have come to Changping District, the outer suburb of Beijing. What you are about to enter is the Ming Tombs scenic area. During this time, I will explain the historical background and explanation of the Ming Tombs.Zhu Di, the emperor of Yongle in Ming Dynasty, sent some

2、 geomantic warlocks to Beijing in 1407 to choose auspicious soil, which is actually auspicious land to build a mausoleum. At that time, these people looked for many places, but they were not successful. At first, they chose tujiaying, which was not in their mouth. However, the emperors surname was Z

3、hu, who had the same pronunciation as pig, and made a taboo. Then I chose Yangshan mountain in the southwest of Changping, but there is a village called langkouyu behind it. Isnt that more dangerous? Later I chose Yanjiatai in the west of Beijing, which has the same pronunciation as Yanjia, which is

4、 very unlucky. Finally, it was not until the seventh year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty that the present Tianshou mausoleum area was selected. There are Mangshan, Huyu, Longshan and Tianshou mountains around it. This is exactly the location of the four gods in the Yin Yang and five elements, that is, th

5、e East Green Dragon, the west white tiger, the South rosefinch, the North Xuanwu, and the Wenyu River. It is really a geomantic treasure land. From this we can see how much energy it took for the emperor to build a mausoleum for himself.After that, the construction of Changling began, and it was fin

6、ally completed after four years. The emperors of Ming dynasty built mausoleums here one after another. Moreover, from the construction of Changling in 1409 to the end of Ming Dynasty in 1644, the construction of Ming Tombs never stopped. In this area of 40 square kilometers, 13 emperors, 23 queens,

7、many concubines and princes of the Ming Dynasty were buried. However, it did not survive completely. After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, in order to revenge the Jin people, they destroyed the ancestral Tomb of the Qing Taizu, so they burned it here.Later, in the 50th year of Qianlong, in order

8、 to win over the Han people, they ordered to repair the mausoleum area. After the founding of the peoples Republic of China, large-scale development was carried out here, and the Changling, Dingling and Zhaoling tombs were opened, among which the underground palace of Dingling has been excavated. No

9、w it has become a key scenic spot in China, and is the most well preserved tomb group with the largest number of emperors buried in the world.Now you may be thinking: isnt there sixteen emperors in the Ming Dynasty? Why are there only thirteen emperors mausoleums here? In fact, the reason is very si

10、mple. Because Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, built his capital in Nanjing, his mausoleum is in Nanjing, that is, Ming Xiaoling; Jianwen emperor, the second emperor of Ming Dynasty, was seized the throne by Zhu Di, and his remains are unknown, so there is no mausoleum here; At the ti

11、me of Yingzong, the seventh emperor of Ming Dynasty, he was once encouraged by Wang Zhen, a eunuch, to lead the army to fight personally. Later, he was captured by the Wasi army at Tu Tu fort in Huailai, Hebei Province. This event is called the change of Tu. A country cant be without a monarch, so h

12、is brother was canonized as emperor Jingtai. Later, Yingzongs change of seizing the throne was staged, so there was no Jingtai in the Ming Tombs Emperors mausoleum, he was buried in the western suburbs of jinshankou as a prince. In this way, everyone must understand why it is called the Ming Tombs.N

13、ow you can see this stone archway along the way, which is the symbol of the mausoleum area. It was made during the Jiajing period. The archway is 5 rooms, 6 columns and 11 floors. It is 14 meters high and 28.86 meters wide. It is the largest and most exquisite stone archway preserved in China. The p

14、atterns and decorations on it are also cloud dragon patterns, reflecting the characteristics of royal architecture.Dagongmen is the main gate of the mausoleum area, also known as dahongmen. The gate is southward and has three holes. Inside the gate is the mausoleum area. On both sides of the gate ar

15、e inscriptions of officials waiting to dismount here, because at that time, it was stipulated that these people had to walk into the mausoleum area, otherwise they would be punished. Moreover, this is also a forbidden area. Its not a place where ordinary people can enter at will. The serious problem

16、 is that they have to be beheaded. When you enter this gate, you will enter the Shinto that runs through the north and south of the mausoleum and directly leads to the gate of Changling mausoleum. The Shinto of the Ming Dynasty is also the longest in the imperial mausoleum built in China. In fact, i

17、ts main function is to let the emperors soul pass through, with a total length of 7 kilometers.As we walk, we can see a stele Pavilion in front of us. This pavilion is a building with double eaves on the top of Xieshan mountain. Inside it is a huge tablet carrying a heavy burden. This is the tablet

18、of praising virtue, a divine skill of Changling. It was officially established in 1435. On the front is the tablet of praising virtue written by Zhu gaochi, the eldest son of Emperor Yongle, with more than 3000 words. On the back is the thirty rhymes of AI Ming mausoleum written in the 50th year of

19、Qianlong, which records the damage of the mausoleum in detail. On the east side of the monument is the cost of the Qing government to repair the mausoleum, and on the west side is the reason for the collapse of the Ming Dynasty in the ninth year of Jiaqing.After the stele Pavilion, we continue to wa

20、lk along the Shinto road. We will find that there are many stone carvings on both sides of the Shinto road. In fact, there are 36 stone carvings here, which are called stone carvings. Next to the pavilion is two stone columns. Next, lions, elephants, camels, elephants, Kirin and horses. Each has fou

21、r _, arranged in a sequence of lying down and standing. Then there were four military officials, four civil officials and four meritorious officials. These buildings were built to reflect the emperors honor guard before his death and his dignity after his death. So the volume is very large and the c

22、arving is very fine. And these also symbolize that the emperor can be respected in his life, and also in his death. All the sacred, civil and military officials should be respected for me.Further on, you can see a Lingxing gate, also known as Longfeng gate, which means Tianmen. In the middle of the

23、three doors and six pillars, there are three flame pearls, so it is also called flame archway.In fact, we have been marching along the Shinto all the time. Lets review, first the stone archway, then the grand palace gate. Now we are going to enter Changling. Stele Pavilion, stone elephant life, afte

24、r the dragon and Phoenix gate, there is still a long way to reach the Changling mausoleum gate. In fact, the central axis of the whole mausoleum group is the Shinto, which runs through the north and south of the mausoleum, with a total length of 7 kilometers.As for the Changling mausoleum, it is the

25、 first mausoleum among the Ming Tombs. It was built in 1409 and completed in 1416. It is the joint Tomb of Emperor Zhu Di and empress Xu of Yongle, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Di was the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. When Zhu Yuanzhang died, Zhu Di sent troops fr

26、om Beiping to capture Nanjing in the name of Jingnan, and won the throne from Zhu Yunwen, the emperor at that time, and changed his name to Yongle. This event was called the battle of Jingnan in history.Zhu Di was a great emperor. After he became emperor, he still fought for years in order to consol

27、idate the rule of Ming Dynasty, and made a major decision to move the capital to Beijing in 1420. During the Ming Dynasty under his rule, the National Treasury was abundant and the political situation was stable. He also ordered people to write Yongle Dadian, the largest book in Chinese history. He

28、sent Zheng He to the West seven times and developed friendly relations among countries. His wife, empress Xu Da, the daughter of Xu Da, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, is also a woman with Chinese classical beauty. She once wrote neixun and Quanshan to cultivate peoples minds. She died after five y

29、ears of illness. It is worth mentioning that the first person buried in Changling was not Zhu Di, but empress Xu. Changling covers an area of 10 hectares. Its central axis consists of Lingen gate, Lingen hall, minglou, Baocheng and Baoding. There are three entrances to the mausoleum. The first entra

30、nce is from the gate of the mausoleum to the gate of the mausoleum. You can see a small stele Pavilion on both sides of the mausoleum. However, there were no words on it at that time. Now the words are written by Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty.Lingen hall is located in the second courtyard of t

31、he mausoleum. It was built in 1412 in the 14th year of Yongle of Ming Dynasty. It is the place where memorial tablets and sacrificial activities are held. It is nine rooms wide and five rooms deep. It is a building with double eaves and veranda. There are 60 nanmu pillars in the hall, and the diamet

32、er of the four pillars in the middle is more than one meter. It is the best nanmu hall in China. There was originally a large Buddhist niche in Lingen hall, but now it is no longer there. Instead, there is a sitting statue of Emperor Yongle made by later generations. You can take a look around the b

33、ack of the statue. You can see that there is a dragon carved on the back of the chair, and the dragon head is facing the head of Emperor Wanli, which indicates that the emperor is the real dragon emperor. All around are exhibitions of unearthed cultural relics.Behind the middle hall is the back hall

34、. It is the largest hall in the underground palace. It is 9.5 meters tall, 31 meters long and 9.1 meters wide. The ground is paved with polished mottled stones. In the back hall, there is a coffin bed with white stone edge. There is a long square hole in the center, and the middle is filled with loe

35、ss, which is the first shovel of loess when choosing the tomb. It is called Jinjing, which is the basic point of the architectural pattern of the whole mausoleum. Jade burial refers to placing jade around and inside the coffin or in the mouth of the dead. The reason for this is that the ancients bel

36、ieved that Jinjing could communicate with Yin and Yang and exchange life, while jade burial could keep the corpse from rotting. Jinjing jade burial was the highest level funeral in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Of course, these are the ideals of the ancients, without any scientific basis. On the coffin b

37、ed are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and two empresses, as well as 26 wooden boxes for funerary objects.According to the rules of the emperors mausoleum, the back hall is only used to place the emperors coffins. Why do the two empresses coffins also appear here? This phenomenon is not clearly recorde

38、d in the historical materials, but according to experts speculation: in the 48th year of Wanli, first empress Xiaoduan died, then Emperor Wanli died in July, and his son Zhu Changluo died 29 days after he ascended the throne In the case of Hongwan, two emperors, a queen and empress Xiaojing were kil

39、led in this short hundred days, and they had to be moved and buried. Such a huge task was put on the Emperor Zhu Youxiao who had just ascended the throne, so the preparations were very hasty.Moreover, it was the rainy season at that time, so it was not convenient to open the Queens side hall, so the

40、 coffins of the emperor and queen entered through the main door. But when I got to the underground palace, I found that the corridor of the side hall was too narrow for the Queens coffin to enter, so I had to put them into the back hall. Now you can understand what the decoration of the coffin in th

41、e underground palace is like. Well, now please follow me out of the underground palace.With the end of the visit to the Ming Tombs, our trip to the Ming Tombs is coming to an end. I believe everyone will sigh for this huge imperial mausoleum group. With the continuous development of cultural relics

42、protection in China, the state has invested a lot of money to repair the Ming Tombs, and this grand Imperial Mausoleum will be preserved forever. At the same time, I also hope you can leave a good impression on this place. You are welcome to visit again next time.北京十三陵英语导游词2The Ming Tombs are the to

43、mbs of the Ming emperors in China. They are located in Tianshou mountain at the foot of Yanshan Mountain in Changping District, northwest suburb of Beijing. From May, 1409, the seventh year of Yongle, the Changling mausoleum was built here to the burial of Chongzhen, the last emperor of Ming Dynasty

44、, in Siling. During the 230 years, 13 emperor mausoleums, seven concubines tombs and one eunuchs tomb were built successively. Thirteen emperors, 23 queens, two princes, more than 30 concubines and one eunuch were buried.In Ming Dynasty, warlocks thought that it was a place of Fengshui and auspiciou

45、s soil. Therefore, it was selected as the longevity area for the construction of imperial mausoleum in Ming Dynasty. Gu Yanwu, a famous scholar in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, once wrote a poem describing the winning situation here: the mountains come from the south, and the momentu

46、m is like a dragon flying; the East toe is located in Lulong, and the west ridge is in Taihang; the rear Jiri sits in Huanghua (referring to Huanghua town), and the front is facing Shenjing; in the middle is wannianzhai, which is called kangjiazhuang; it can accommodate millions of people, and sudde

47、nly opens Mingtang. This beautiful natural landscape was regarded as geomantic treasure land by feudal rulers.The cemetery was built in 1409-1644, with a history of more than 300-500 years. Covering an area of 40 square kilometers, the mausoleum is the largest mausoleum complex in China and even in

48、the world, with the largest number of mausoleums for emperors and empresses. In 2003, the Ming Tombs were listed in the world heritage list. According to the evaluation of the World Heritage Committee, the Royal mausoleums of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were carefully selected according to the geoma

49、ntic theory, and a large number of buildings were skillfully placed underground. It is the product of human changing nature, embodies the traditional architectural and decorative ideas, and explains the world outlook and power outlook of feudal China lasting for more than 5000 years.This article is from ZhimengThe Ming Tombs are the general name of the royal tombs of the 13 emperors after the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing. There are Changling (Chengzu), Xian