语法精讲系列(三).ppt

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1、语法精讲系列（三）名词性从句,1.(2012天津高考)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.A.whether B.how C.if D.when【解析】选A。考查主语从句。句意：在十字路口，无论你是向右拐还是向左拐都没关系这两条路都通向公园。分析空格后面的成分可知该部分不缺成分，排除在句中需作状语的B、D两项；又因it为形式主语，matter后面的部分为真正的主语，即为主语从句；if不能与or连用，所以排除C项，故选A项。,2.(2011北京高考)_ Barba

2、ra Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意：芭芭拉琼斯给她的粉丝带来的是诚实和快乐。由句中的is可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offers的宾语，故答案为B项。,3.(2012全国卷)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.A.how B.which C.that D.what【解析】选D。考查主语从句。句意：总统会采取什么措施

3、来结束这次罢工还不清楚。根据句子结构可以判断此处It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。从句中do后面缺少宾语，how是副词，不能作宾语，that在名词性从句中不作成分，这样可先排除A、C两项。根据句意可知which(哪一个)放在此处不合适。故选D。,4.(2012安徽高考)The limits of a persons intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A.where B.whether C.that D

4、.why【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意：一般说来，人的智力极限在刚出生时就决定了，但是能否达到极限取决于环境。根据句子结构可知，本题考查主语从句的引导词，A项是副词表示地点；B项是连词表示“是否”，符合题意；C项引导主语从句时本身没有意义，也不作句子成分，但是不能省略；D项是副词表示原因。故选B。,5.(2012湖南高考)Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A.why B.how C.whether D.when【

5、解析】选C。考查主语从句。句意：村子里的每个人都很友好。无论你在那里住的时间是短还是长都没关系。C项whether是否，符合句意。,6.(2012山东高考)It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.A.how B.whether C.what D.why【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意：在这家商店不管你用现金支付还是用信用卡支付都没关系。分析句子结构可知It是形式主语，真正的主语是“_ you pay by cash or credit card in this store”。whether.or.意为“不管

6、还是”，符合句意；how如何，多么；what什么；why为什么，的理由，此三项均不符合句意。故选B。,7.(2012辽宁高考)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A.wherever B.howeverC.whatever D.whichever【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：这个新来的人前几天到图书馆去寻找他能找到的一切关于马克吐温的东西。空格处需引导宾语从句作介词for的宾语，该连词在从句中作find的宾语，故排除A、B两项；因没有

7、明确的选择范围，故排除D，选C。,8.(2012四川高考)Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.A.when B.how C.that D.whether【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意：科学家们研究人类的大脑怎样工作来制造电脑。此处how引导名词性从句，相当于the way in which，意为“怎样，怎么”。故选B。,9.(2012陕西高考)As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A.whatev

8、er B.whicheverC.whenever D.wherever【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意：提供了多达五门的课程，你可以任意选择最适合你的一门。choose 后为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，排除C项和D项。结合题干five courses,有范围限定，故选择B项whichever。,10.(2012北京高考)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A.why B.how C.that D.whether【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：杰里并不

9、后悔提出自己的意见，但是他感觉他本来可以换种方式表达的。由句式结构可知felt后面是一个宾语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，故应用that引导。why在从句中作原因状语；how在从句中作方式状语；whether意为“是否”。,11.(2012福建高考)We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A.who B.whomC.whoever D.whomever【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：我们向任何参加派对的人承诺一个和影星照相的机会。whoever引导名词性从句作promis

10、e的宾语，相当于anyone who，且whoever在从句中作主语。whom 和whomever均为宾格，不合题意；故选C。,12.(2011北京高考)The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句感叹名词problems故用what。结合句意可知答案为A。,13.(2011上海高考)The message you intend to

11、 convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A.why B.that C.which D.what【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。句意：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。本句中what引导的句子作of的宾语，是宾语从句，故选D。,14.(2011山东高考)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is _ he never finishes anything.A.that B.when C.where D.why

12、【解析】选D。考查表语从句。句意：恐怕他在很大程度上是一个空谈的人而不是一个干实事的人，那就是他一事无成的原因。本句“which is.”引导的一个非限制性定语从句中有一个表语从句，根据句意用“why”引导。故选D。,15.(2011辽宁高考)When the news came _ the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army.A.since B.which C.that D.because【解析】选C。考查同位语从句。句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去部队服役。此处的“_ the war broke out”解释说明the news

13、的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故为同位语从句，用that连接。,16.(2012重庆高考)Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A.why B.howC.whether D.that【解析】选D。考查同位语从句。句意：经过数年的研究，已经找到证据：孩子早年的睡眠问题有可能一直延续到成年之后。分析句子结构可知，空格处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，

14、不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D项。,17.(2012浙江高考)I made a promise to myself _ this year,my first year in high school,would be different.A.whether B.what C.that D.how【解析】选C。考查同位语从句。句意：我给自己做出承诺：今年，我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。空格处所缺词引导的是promise的同位语从句，且从句中不缺成分，句意完整，故用that。,18.(2012江苏高考)The notice came around two in t

15、he afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.A.when B.that C.whether D.how【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。句意：大约在下午两点传来通知说会议将被延期。notice为抽象名词，that引导的同位语从句对notice的内容解释说明。故选B。,19.(2011上海高考)There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A.what B.if C.how D.that【解析】选D。考查同位语从句。句意：证

16、据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不缺少句子成分，是同位语从句，故用关联词that。故选D。,考点 1 引导名词性从句连接词的用法 考查指数,考点 2 4大名词性从句的难点 考查指数 1.主语从句(1)that连接从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that 不能省略。【例】That 2012 London Olympic Games were successful was known to all.(2)whether连接从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。【例】Whether he is free n

17、ow is uncertain.,(3)特殊疑问词连接从句时，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分。【例】When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.(4)主语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。,【点津】(1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有：It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+that从句It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句It+be+过去分词(said/told/r

18、eported/decided等)+that从句It+特殊动词(seems,appears,happens,matters)+that从句(2)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered+that从句结构中，从句用“(should+)动词原形”。,2.宾语从句(1)that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that)，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用。【例】He said that he was from Hunan Province.(2)whether/if 连接的宾语从句，whe

19、ther/if 意为“是否”(但在whether.or not结构中，或者宾语从句作介词的宾语时；以及whetherto do 结构中只能用whether，不能用if来替换)。【例】Im interested in whether youve finished the work.,(3)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分。【例】I dont know what he is doing now.(4)不论主句为何种句型，宾语从句都用陈述语序。,3.表语从句(1)that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起

20、标志性的语法作用。(2)whether连接从句时从句来源于一般疑问句，为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。(3)特殊疑问词连接从句时从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分。(4)表语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。,【点津】常见的表语从句句型：(1)It looks/seems as if.好像；仿佛(2)This is because.这是因为(3)The reason why.is that.的原因是(4)That is why.那就是的原因(5)The question/problem is whether/wh

21、en/where.问题是(6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that.他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是,4.同位语从句(1)that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的语法作用。【例】His suggestion that we be there waiting for them is reasonable.(2)whether连接从句时从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。【例】He asked her the question whether th

22、ey can be friends.,(3)特殊疑问词连接从句时从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分。【例】He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.(4)同位语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。,【点津】(1)suggestion,advice,order,request,requirement等名词的同位语从句需用“(should)动词原形”。(2)常见的同位语从句直接放在抽象名词之后，分隔式同位语从句是指抽象名词和同位语从句之间出现谓语动词，以平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻。例如：The fact is cl

23、ear that he is innocent in the accident.,考点 3 易混连接词的辨析 考查指数,【模拟题组】1.(2013上饶模拟)_ to gain access to seats at college _ the seniors are working hard.A.That is；/B.It is；thatC.What is；that D.Which is；why【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意：高中的学生们正在努力学习以便进入大学。此处It是形式主语，that the seniors are working hard是真正的主语。故选B。,2.(2013上饶模拟

24、)_ he talked about it to reporters surprised me.A.B.That C.Whether D.What【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意：他向记者谈起了此事，这让我很惊讶。此处that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，引导主语从句，故选B。,3.(2013南通模拟)_ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It【解析】选D。考查主语从句。句意：英语作为一门国际语言被接受是个事实。此题It作形式主语,真正的主语是that

25、引导的从句。例如：It is a fact that the girl has left home。那个女孩已经离家是个事实。,4.(2013九江模拟)Do you remember _ he came?Yes,I do.He came by car.A.how B.when C.that D.if【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：你记得他是怎么来的吗？是的，我确实记得。他开车来的。此类试题应该充分注意句子的语境，充分挖掘题干中所含信息，第二句起到制约性作用。正好照应了所给答案how。故选A。,5.(2013成都模拟)We must bear in mind when we watch TV

26、or surf the Internet or talk on the phone _ we are enjoying the fruits of mans labor.A.as B.that C.while D.because【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意:无论看电视，上网，还是打电话，我们都要记得我们这是在享用人类的劳动成果。此处that we are enjoying the fruits of mans labor作动词bear的宾语。故选B。,6.(2013兰州模拟)I dont know _ makes her different from others.Confidence,I

27、 think.A.how is it that B.how it is thatC.what is it that D.what it is that【解析】选D。考查宾语从句及强调句型。句意：我不知道究竟是什么使她与众不同。我认为是自信。此处know后为宾语从句，宾语从句中有强调句型。故选D。,7.(2013太原模拟)The boss refused to sell the car for _ he thought was not satisfactory.A.that B.which C.how D.what【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。句意：那位老板拒绝以不满意的价钱卖车。此处he tho

28、ught为插入语，what作宾语从句的主语。故选D。,8.(2013桂林模拟)He thought _ mattered most in improving your spoken English was enough confidence and practice.A.why B.what C.which D.that【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意：他认为提高英语口语的关键是有足够的信心和练习。此处what作宾语从句的主语，引导整个宾语从句，故选B。,9.(2013济南模拟)You should explore your talents so as to find out _ your r

29、eal interests lie.A.what B.which C.where D.how【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：你应该挖掘你的潜能才能发现你的真正兴趣所在。此处是由where引导的宾语从句，作find out 的宾语，where 在从句中作地点状语。所以选C。,10.(2013石家庄模拟)For immediate delivery,tell the company _ you are and theyll send the goods to you.A.where B.who C.what D.how【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：为了迅速邮寄，请告诉公司你的地址，他们就会把

30、货物寄给你。此处where在宾语从句中作表语，引导宾语从句作tell的宾语，故选A。,11.(2013苏州模拟)Golf is rapidly becoming more popular.Near some towns and cities new courts are being built in _.A.what is wasteland B.what wasteland isC.what wasteland was D.what was wasteland【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。句意：高尔夫球正在越来越受欢迎。新的高尔夫球场正在靠近城镇曾经是荒地的地方建设。此处what was wa

31、steland作介词in的宾语。故选D。,12.(2013吉林模拟)Ill take seriously _ advice you put forward.A.whatever B.howeverC.whichever D.whenever【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：无论你提出什么样的建议，我都会认真对待。宾语从句缺定语(无范围)，修饰名词advice，故选A。,13.(2013郑州模拟)It seems _ the company Dubai World is unlikely to survive in this serious financial crisis.A.like if

32、B.because ofC.as if D.for that【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意：看起来好像迪拜世界集团不太可能在这场严重的经济危机中生存下来。seem as if+从句“看起来好像”，固定句式。故选C。,14.(2013石家庄模拟)You are sure to know the result，but thats _ everybody has finished their work.A.when B.why C.before D.until【解析】选A。考查表语从句。句意：你一定会知道结果的，但那应是在每个人都完成他们的工作的时候。thats后面连接词引导的从句作表语，后面从

33、句中缺少的是状语，根据句意，A项最佳。,15.(2013北京模拟)In my point of view,the question is not _ the world is going to have a new economic crisis,but when.A.that B.how C.what D.whether【解析】选D。考查表语从句。句意：在我看来，问题不在于世界是否会发生新的经济危机，而是什么时候发生。主句是不完整的句子，从句中不缺成分，所以排除C选项what。既然提到question，也不能是确定的陈述句，应该有不确定因素，所以排除A选项that。剩下B选项how表示方式，

34、与后面的but when又不能形成转折关系，所以答案为D选项whether。,16.(2013贵阳模拟)Water,which seems so simple and common,is _ makes life possible.A.what B.that C.which D.how【解析】选A。考查表语从句。句意：水，尽管看起来很简单，很普通，却是使生命成为可能的东西。表语从句中缺少主语，因此可排除B、D两项，根据句意“什么东西”相当于something that，what具备这一功能，排除which。故选A。,17.(2013菏泽模拟)The traditional view is _

35、we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.A.when B.where C.whether D.that【解析】选D。考查表语从句。句意：传统观点认为，我们睡眠是因为我们的大脑已经编好了程序让我们睡眠。that引导表语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分，引导后面的句子。when和where在表语从句中作状语，分别表示“在的时候”和“在地方”。whether意为“是否”。故选D。,18.(2013济南模拟)Pointing to the house on _ roof grew lots of grass,the o

36、ld man told me that was _ I used to stay.A.its;what B.whose;whatC.whose;where D.its;where【解析】选C。考查定语从句及表语从句。句意：指着房顶上长满草的房子，那位老人告诉我那就是我过去住过的地方。第一空表所属关系用whose；第二空是表语从句的连接词，在后面从句中引导表示地点的从句。故选C。,19.(2013长春模拟)It seemed to me that she was in doubt _ Timmy lived or died.A.why B.how C.that D.whether【解析】选D。考

37、查同位语从句。句意：在我看来她拿不准Timmy是死是活。根据句意及空格后面的or可知，此题应选D。whether.or.意为“是还是”，是常用结构。此处 whether引导同位语从句，解释doubt的具体内容。,20.(2013烟台模拟)He expressed his hope _ he would visit China again.A.which B.that C.whether D.when【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。句意：他表达了自己希望再次访问中国的愿望。本题中，空格后面的句子不缺句子成分，不是定语从句，只是对hope的进一步解释说明，所以用that引导同位语从句。,【原创题组】

38、21.The news inspired the whole world _ Israeli scientists have invented a kind of magic glasses _ can let the blind see things.A.that;what B.which;thatC.what;that D.that;which【解析】选D。考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意：以色列科学家研发了一种神奇眼镜，可以让盲人看到东西，这消息让全世界的人都振奋。前面句子是同位语从句，从句不缺句子成分，用连接词that,后面句子是定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，可以用that或whic

39、h,故选D。,22.Dad,is that true“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”?Thats _ they say.A.where B.what C.which D.that【解析】选B。考查表语从句。句意：爸爸，“每天一个苹果，医生远离我”是真的吗？人们就是这样说的没错。答语say缺少宾语，所以选择what来引导表语从句。故选B。,23.There was a rumour _ a mountain in France would open on the last day and aliens would save nearby humans.

40、A.what B.which C.that D.how【解析】选C。考查同位语从句。句意：有传言说法国的一座山会在世界末日这天裂开，外星人会来营救附近的人类。that引导同位语从句，用来解释说明rumour的内容，从句中不缺少任何成分，应用that引导。,24.Word came _ Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Literature Prize,much to the excitement and inspiration of every Chinese.A.what B.that C.when D.which【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。句意：消息传来，莫言获得

41、诺贝尔文学奖，让每一位中国人欢欣鼓舞。莫言获得诺贝尔奖就是word的具体内容，两者为同位语关系，故后面的从句为同位语从句。因为从句内容和结构均完整，故用that引导。,25.The government gave them _ help the local farmers needed when the earthquake broke out in Yunnan.A.which B.thatC.whatever D.however【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：在云南地震发生时，政府向当地农民提供了他们需要的任何帮助。宾语从句中help前缺定语，因此排除B项和D项，which哪一种，不符合句意，whatever help任何帮助，符合题意，故选C。,