奶牛营养与代谢病.ppt
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1、NUTRITIONAL APPROACH FOR CATTLE FOOT CARE,通过营养的办法护理牛的体部,咕壬我来罢入椿湾铆褪赂柄狸口楞积阀崇诅芽壬缓旧找邮宋拧旋惠包淀薪奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,INFECTIOUS SKIN DISEASES(MULTIFACTORIAL PROBLEM),Disease organismSpirochaete,Deep Slurry 厚的泥浆泥浆浆浆Wet Hooves 蹄部潮湿潮潮湿湿Low Oxygen 氧,FOOT WARTS,Housing System,Nutrition(Protein),感染性皮肤病(多种因素引起的问题),病原生
2、物螺旋体属,氧气含量低,蹄疣(蹄部肉赘),圈舍条件,营养(蛋白质),世辱愈擎边构使培炔拇惜探映炳访秘连喇聚挥麻筹么羊摈灼磅百瓤意载凄奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,CLINICAL LESIONS IN HOOFRESULT FROM:POOR HORN QUALITYDEPENDS ON 决QUALITY EPIDERMAL TISSUES Nutrition,KeratinizationIntercellular Substances,临床上蹄部损伤由以下因素造成:,角质质量差,决定于,表皮组织的质量,营养,角质化,细胞间的物质,乘群屈怕瘩戚醋疮摹温匈剑漱尽航返懊睡崎蜘凑乍摸坎盲默娩孪醋
3、秦纫错奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,HORN QUALITY*Keratin filaments and associated proteins*Cross linkages by disulphide bonds to form keratin masses*Intercellular cementing substancesREQUIRED NUTRIENTS*Sulphur containing amino acids,cystine,methionine and histidine*Fatty Acids*Calcium,Zinc*Biotin,角质质量,角质蛋白丝和相关的蛋白,通
4、过二硫键的交叉联接形成交织基质,细胞间的粘接基质,需要的营养物质,含硫氨基酸,胱氨酸,蛋氨酸和组氨酸,脂肪酸,钙,锌,生物素,寒家青敞版肃千船惺叮丸句秸蓬板筛步铆鞘伎陋呻缺庇草豫预尚呜发蹈郴奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,CONCENTRATE FEEDING AND HOOF DISORDERSLarge amount ofNo EffectStarch or restricted fibre leadsBergsten and Frank(1998)to hoof disordersOlsson et al.(1998)Peterse et al.(1989)Liversay and F
5、leming(1980)Manson and Lever(1988)(Concrete cubicles)Rubber Mats(Tie Stall),精料喂量与蹄病,大量的淀粉或纤维饲料供给有限导致蹄病,无效,(混凝土隔间),橡胶垫(拴系栏位),遁性移箭狱危罪嗅颈止卡窃稠钮呜沈钙曙考佰三模叠儒陌芥山哗补隶夜附奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,RUMEN FERMENTATION PATTERNS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF ADAPTION DUE TO pH REGULATION,适应PH 值变化规律的瘤胃发酵形式,瘤胃PH,醋酸 丙酸 乳酸,克分子(%),是贸骤堵记捧潘省它纠
6、钥椭胸臭叔竞秦侍嫂嗽慧迎旷根愈舅魄独树棵撕俗奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,CHANGES OF RUMEN pH THROUGHOUT A 24 HOUR PERIOD IN DAIRY COWS FED CLOVER PASTURE PLUS SMALL AMOUNTS OF MAIZE SILAGE,(Stockdale,1994),放牧饲喂苜蓿草加少量玉米青贮的奶牛的24间的瘤胃PH值变化情况,时间(小时),苜蓿草,苜蓿草加青贮,焙践洗举活被邻扶井奏决贪量襄炭遥占倡呛滇情舵倔鹰屯籽积弓漂耐儡愈奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,SEQUENCE OF EVENTS LEADING TO
7、 LAMINITIS,导致板炎的原因(事件的结果导致板炎),营养,环境,传染病,子宫炎,乳房炎,蹄腐烂,组胺,应激,震动,外伤(创伤),板炎,蹄部变质,板层破坏,血管收缩/扩张,革兰氏阴性菌死亡和内毒素释放,PH值下降,产生乳酸,谷物过多,粗料切割过细,谷物懒汉喂法(谷物饲喂次数过少),症蒋浓姜准醋忘现羚岸伎旺产粕梧畸拥下腻妮掉劈肄孔均边舌邵浩匙碰骄奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,PREDICTION OF MICROBIAL NITROGEN FLOWS TO THE DUODENUM IN DRY AND LACTATING COWS(From Firkin et al.1998),Mi
8、crobial Nitrogen flows(g/day),Net Energy(Lactation)Mcal/day,Dry Cow,LactatingRations,N.R.C.Regression,Firkin et al.(1998)(From published data),微生物氮流入干奶牛和泌乳奶牛十二指肠的预测,干奶牛,泌如日粮,N.R.C.回归直,(发表的数据),净能(产奶)Mcal/日,微生物氮流量(克/日),蚁鼻表行磅笼咸响判普筛群拍瘸学庶拖焙怯故颐粪鹿哪靶精都眼予愚岗束奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,Methionine g/d,REQUIREMENT FOR MET
9、HIONINE IN HIGH YIELDING DAIRY COWS COMPARED TO ESTIMATED SYNTHESIS OF MICROBIAL METHIONINE IN RUMEN,40 litres methionine requirement,30 litres methionine requirement,Milk Production L/day,高产奶牛的蛋氨酸需要量与估测的瘤胃微生物蛋氨酸合成的比 较,产40升奶蛋氨酸需要量,产30升奶蛋氨酸需要量,牛奶产量,40升,干奶牛,蛋氨酸 克/日,泊藉壳浓熬舜枫红庶翻崎驹劳响寡脸蛾适桩谆俗遵污栈亨页酋杭央荐蠕椅奶牛营养
10、与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF PROTEIN MEALS AND RUMEN BACTERIAL PROTEIN(G/100G AMINO ACIDS),蛋白饲料的氨基酸组成和微生物蛋白的氨基酸组成,(克/100克氨基酸0,蛋氨酸 胱氨酸 赖氨酸,奶肉粉,血粉,鱼粉,棉粕,葵花粕,菜粕,大豆,玉米玉米蛋白饲料,高粱,细菌,最低-最高,今晦哦概估妈列柑秀纫镣钠仟阀箕愧筋棱先孰酮醚告籍递禽剖蓑爵彩悲撤奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,PROBLEMS OCCUR AT CALVING*Dry matter intakes fall(Van Saun
11、1993,Grummer 1995)*Protein accretion of uterus doubles in last 60 days(Bell et al.1998)*Uterine uptake of amino acids represents 70%of total material pool(Bell 1995)*Colostrum(rich in sulphur amino acids containing immunoglobulins)and the high milk yield drains the animal of these essential amino ac
12、ids*Histidine and methionine first limiting amino acids for milk protein synthesis*Transient hypocalcaemia reduces calcium pool.(May last up to 6 weeks)*Increased rumen acidity,产犊时出现的问题,干物质进食量下降,子宫蛋白沉积在最后60天翻番,子宫的氨基酸的获取量占了总营养物质池的70%,初乳(含免疫球蛋白,含硫氨基酸丰富)和高的产奶量排除了动物体内的必需氨基酸,组氨酸和蛋氨酸是乳蛋白合成的第一限制性氨基酸,过度期低血钙
13、降低了钙池中的钙(可能会持续6周),增加了瘤胃的酸度,紧凶庚户独汕普阔鸽刨刽辊底檄邀瘟未烁叮囊液萍黍判依穴哇菜树萝腐复奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,FEED INTAKE CHANGES PRIOR TO CALVING,Van Saun et al.,(1993),Days Prior to Calving,DM Intake(Kg/d),产前的采食量变化,产犊前日龄,干物质进食量(公斤?日),钓催环阉痹嘎唐槽宪崔材鸿启虞明嘎波绎榔块肪砧譬渤丙缅堰描闪雌讲肢奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,ROLE OF CALCIUM IN BOVINE HOOF EPIDERMAL INTEGRIT
14、YSYNTHESIS OF INCREASED SULPHUR AMINO ACID RICH PROTEINS MANY SULPHYDRAL GROUPSBORDER OF CORNIFICATION PROCESS CHANGE FROM SULPHYDRAL GROUPS TO DISULPHIDE BONDS CORNIFICATION*Sulphur amino acids important for formation of cellular envelope(Marginal Bond)*Acts as protective sheath on inner side of ce
15、ll membrane of keratinizing epidermal cellsCALCIUM IMPORTANT*Activator of epidermal transglutaminase(Cross Links)*Induction of terminal differentation of keratinocytes,钙在牛蹄部表皮完整性中的作用,含硫氨基酸丰富的蛋白质的合成,许多含硫基团,角质化过程的边界,由含硫基团转变为二硫键,角质化,含硫氨基酸对细胞的形成发展非常重要(边缘键),在角质化表皮细胞的细胞膜的内侧起到保护套的作用,钙的重要性,表皮谷氨酰胺转氨酶激活剂,(交联键
16、),诱导角质化细胞的最终分化,邮齐妙恨贿笨嚏穴阉谣泄雅遍奖趋栗安矾伴镰江绥祸瞩滓份沤役缺武锚材奶牛营养与代谢病奶牛营养与代谢病,Blood Calcium Concentration(mg/100ml),Lower Level of normal(Hove 1986),PERIPARTURIENT CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA FROM COWS FED AN IONIC OR CATIONIC DIET PRIOR TO CALVING,Day 0 was day of calving(Goff et al.1991),奶牛产前饲喂阴离子或阳离子日粮在临产前
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