呼吸机的撤离从经验到计划.ppt
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1、呼吸机撤离-从经验到计划,席修明2005,3,10,“Liberating patients from mechanical ventilation”近年来的热门话题复习“Landmark trials in weaning”,Key trials and evidence-based of weaning from MVBuilding Blocks Author Year Main findings/commentsI Yang&Tobin 1991 f/Vt SBT and PSV weaningII Brochard 1994 found to be better than IMV E
2、steban 1995 weaning III Ely 1996 Protocols with team Kollef 1997 approach and SBTs were Marelich 2000 superior to physician-directed Refining YearsIV Vallverdu 1998 SBTs equally effective at 30m Esteban 1999 versus 120m with PSV of up to 7cm,Perren 2002 1/3 of failures occur after 30m,Refining Years
3、 Author Year Main findings/commentsV Ely 1999 SBTs may be safely performed khamiees 2001 in patients who are Epstein 2003 hemodynamically stable and have modest oxygen requirementsVI Kollef 1998 Nurse driven sedation protocols,Brook 1999 bolus dosing of sedatives,and daily Kress 2000 cessation of se
4、datives can each shorten a patients length of stay on the ventilatorClinical GuidelineVIII MacIntyre 2001 Evidenced-based guidelines for Jacobi 2002 ventilator weaning and sedation in the ICU,Weaning 的名词定义历史传统的定义:有准备的、缓慢的撤离通气支持的过程-脱机现代危重病医学的定义:一旦确定病人有自主呼吸能力,应尽早的、安全的、迅速的撤离机械通气,脱机指标的作用?,过去的30年66项脱机指标在
5、临床使用,也有不少的RCT研究由于医生的问题不能有效撤离机械通气,使通气时间增加2/3 Esteban(1994)Chest 106:1188-1193 Esteban(2002)JAMA 287:345-355我们现有的指标确定脱机成功阳性率50%,阴性率67%Stroetz(1995)Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152:1034-1040,Predictive values for individual weaning parameters,Predictor Likelihood ratio Sensitivity%Specificity%MV(10-12lite
6、rs)1.2 50 40RR 1.6 97 31Vt(325ml)1.5 76 36f/Vt100 breaths/min/L 2.8 84 42NIF(-25 to 30cmH2O 1.5 60 47Daily screen 2.7 88 67AHCPR pooled results for weaning parameters,脱机指标的作用?,f/Vt是最好的指标?2001年Epstein在3个ICU 304名MV病人,前瞻性研究f/Vt作为筛查指标的作用第1组151名,通过每日筛查后(/PaO2/FiO2150,PEEP5cmH2O,血流动力学稳定,神志好和吸引2h)进行SBT,不管f
7、/Vt的结果第2组153名,通过每日筛查和f/Vt105后.进行SBT,脱机指标的作用?,结果 f/Vt not included f/Vt included p in weaning in weaning n=151 n=153MVD 6(3,10)6(3,11)0.77Hospital days 19(13,35)19(10,37)0.62ICU days 9(6,17)9(5,15)0.64Reintubation%28(18)23(15)0.40Mortality%40(26)34(22)0.38Tracheotomy%10(7)6(4)0.30Unplanned extubation
8、%14(9)9(6)0.25,脱机指标的作用?,结论SBT不需要f/Vt也可以安全的应用f/Vt的准确性?Ely统计1167例中有1/4的病人不需要通过每日筛查和f/Vt,即可成功地拔管,脱机指标的作用?,将相关性较好的部分指标合在一起进行综合判断,可以弥补单一指标的不足筛查指标(SBT的资格指标)临床用于SBT前病人的评价筛查实验和SBT尽可能早,ACCP-SCCM-AARC Evidence-Based Weaning Guideline,Recommendation 1:Patients receiving MV for respiratory failure should underg
9、o a formal assessment of discontinuation potential if the following criteria are satisfied:Evidence of some reversal of the underlying cause of respiratory failure Adequate oxygenation:PO2/FiO2150-200 mmHg PEEP7.25Hemodynamic stability as defined by the absence of clinically important hypotension an
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- 呼吸 撤离 经验 计划
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