摄影学英文讲解Photography.ppt
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1、Introduction to Photography,From There to Here,Lee Friedlander,Self-Portrait,Haverstraw,New York.1966.Lee Friedlander,How Do we Get From Here,Early Daguerreotypes(positive image on glass):child,and Niagara Falls,To Here,Nicholas Kahn and Richard Selesnick,Card Game,from Eisbergfreisdtadt(2007)(digit
2、al montage from multiple photographs,no digital imagery),David LaChapelle,“Cat House,”1999(staged studio shots,digital montage),Jeff Wall,Scene from The Invisible Man(studio set,props),Photography:Codes and Genres(Types),Photography and/vs.“A Photograph”In our culture now,we need to understand“the R
3、eal”or our attribution of“Reality”as a Code or position among kinds of representations.“Taking a picture”vs.“making a photograph:”photographs are made(constructed),not taken(memorialized“quotations”from reality).Barthes proposed that photographs were“signs without codes,”but thats because he was sti
4、ll held by a romantic notion of photography and domesticated images.,Codes and Genres,There are many codes(interpretive frames that we learn culturally)and genres(types)of photographs and images.One major differentiation,now often blurred and fused in photographic work:The“straight shot”(framed imag
5、e with existing light)vs.staged,planned,or constructed shots,with artificial light,props,sets,etc.,Some Major Photographic Genres,Documentary/Documentation,EvidenceReportage,PhotojournalismNarrative(can use any other genre)Landscape,NaturePortraitFamily history and rituals,snapshotsStreet photograph
6、yStudio and staged photographsAdvertisingFashionFantasy images,Surrealism Erotica,fetish,porn,Earliest Photographic Images,Registering Light(“Photography”=“Light Writing”),Joseph Nicphore NipceView from the Window at Le Gras(circa 1826),First Daguerreotype,1837Louis Jacques Mand Daguerre,Inherited T
7、heoretical Issues,Passivity of the camera device as“light writing”,transcription of a reality outside and in front of the camera lens.Photographic image as an“index”(semiotic term),indexical sign,that points to or represents what it signifies.Its value is grounded and justified in the represented th
8、ing or reality to which it is“true”.Photography and reference(registers a“true”external world),representation,pre-existing reality,memory,record,evidence,documentation,truth.No surprise that photography became one of the main tools of postmodernism in breaking the“reality”and“truth”codes of images,a
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