《细胞培养概述》课件.ppt
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1、林 红五台校区1号教学楼147室,细胞培养概述,内 容,细胞培养基本理论细胞培养基本要求(无菌操作)细胞培养基本技术,第一部分 细胞培养基本理论,细胞培养概述细胞培养简史细胞类型及其形态生长特点和生长过程,一 细胞培养概述,医学中泛指的体外培养(In Vitro),细胞培养(cell culture)模拟机体内生理条件,将细胞从机体中取出,在人工条件下使其生存、生长、繁殖和传代,进行细胞生命过程、细胞癌变、细胞工程等问题的研究。群体培养(mass culture)将大量细胞置于培养瓶中,让其贴壁或悬浮生长,形成均匀的单层细胞或单细胞悬液。克隆培养(clone culture)即将少数的细胞加入
2、培养瓶中,贴壁后彼此间隔距离较远,经过繁殖每一个细胞形成一个集落,称为克隆。,ht-1080 人皮肤纤维肉瘤细胞株,黑色素瘤细胞 单克隆,组织培养(tissue culture)指把活体的组织取出,分成小块,直接置于培养瓶底或通过胶原纤维血浆支持物的培养瓶底来进行培养。特点:组织不失散,细胞保持原有的组织关系。形成生长(cut growth)或形成由扁薄细胞构成的单层细胞培养物。在体外生长时,细胞间呈相互依存、互相影响的关系。,器官培养(organ culture)将活体中器官或器官一部分取出,在体外生长、生存,并使其保持器官原有的结构和功能特征的培养。特点:培养的器官在合适的条件下能生长和分
3、化,存活数周或1 年。观察受限,只能用组织切片的方法观察或用透射电镜、扫描电镜观察。,细胞培养定义,优点:1活细胞:同时、大量、均一性、重复性;2可控制:各种物理、化学、生物等因素可调控;3研究方法多样:倒置、荧光、电子、激光共焦显微镜、流式细胞术、免疫组织化学、原位杂交、同位素标记;4应用广:不同物种、年龄、组织,正常或异常(肿瘤);缺点:人工所模拟的条件与体内实际情况仍不完全相同;当细胞被置于体外培养后,生活在缺乏动态平衡的环境中,时间久了,必然发生变化。,二 细胞简史,动物细胞体外培养的历史可追溯到1907年,美国生物学家Harrison在无菌条件下,以淋巴液为培养基成功地在试管中培养了
4、蛙胚神经组织达数周,创立了体外组织培养法。在随后的近一个世纪里,随着细胞生物学、培养系统及培养方法等领城的不断丰富和完善,动物细胞培养技术得到了很大的发展。发展至今已成为生物、医学研究和应用中广泛采用的技术方法,利用动物细胞培养生产具有重要医用价值的酶、生长因子、疫苗和单抗等,已成为医药生物高技术产业的重要部分。大规模动物细胞培养在生物技术产业化进程中显示出强大的潜力。,细胞培养简史,Historical events in the development of cell culture,1878:Claude Bernard proposed that physiological syste
5、ms of an organism can be maintained in a living system after the death of an organism.1885:Roux maintained embryonic chick cells in a saline culture.1897:Loeb demonstrated the survival of cells isolated from blood and connective tissue in serum and plasma.1903:Jolly observed cell division of salaman
6、der leucocytes in vitro.1907:Harrison cultivated frog nerve cells in a lymph clot held by the hanging drop method and observed the growth of nerve fibers in vitro for several weeks.He was considered by some as the father of cell culture.1910:Burrows succeeded in long term cultivation of chicken embr
7、yo cell in plasma clots.He made detailed observation of mitosis.,Contd.,1911:Lewis and Lewis made the first liquid media consisted of sea water,serum,embryo extract,salts and peptones.They observed limited monolayer growth.1913:Carrel introduced strict aseptic techniques so that cells could be cultu
8、red for long periods.1916:Rous and Jones introduced proteolytic enzyme trypsin for the subculture of adherent cells.1923:Carrel and Baker developed Carrel or T-flask as the first specifically designed cell culture vessel.They employed microscopic evaluation of cells in culture.1927:Carrel and Rivera
9、 produced the first viral vaccine-Vaccinia.1933:Gey developed the roller tube technique.,Contd.,1940s:The use of the antibiotics penicillin and streptomycin in culture medium decreased the problem of contamination in cell culture.1948:Earle isolated mouse L fibroblasts which formed clones from singl
10、e cells.Fischer developed a chemically defined medium,CMRL 1066.1952:Gey established a continuous cell line from a human cervical carcinoma known as HeLa(Helen Lane)cells.Dulbecco developed plaque assay for animal viruses using confluent monolayers of cultured cells.1954:Abercrombie observed contact
11、 inhibition:motility of diploid cells in monolayer culture ceases when contact is made with adjacent cells.1955:Eagle studied the nutrient requirements of selected cells in culture and established the first widely used chemically defined medium.1961:Hayflick and Moorhead isolated human fibroblasts(W
12、I-38)and showed that they have a finite lifespan in culture.1964:Littlefield introduced the HAT medium for cell selection.1965:Ham introduced the first serum-free medium which was able to support the growth of some cells.,Contd.,1965:Harris and Watkins were able to fuse human and mouse cells by the
13、use of a virus.1975:Kohler and Milstein produced the first hybridoma capable of secreting a monoclonal antibody.1978:Sato established the basis for the development of serum-free media from cocktails of hormones and growth factors.1982:Human insulin became the first recombinant protein to be licensed
14、 as a therapeutic agent.1985:Human growth hormone produced from recombinant bacteria was accepted for therapeutic use.1986:Lymphoblastoid IFN licensed.1987:Tissue-type plasminogen activator(tPA)from recombinant animal cells became commercially available.1989:Recombinant erythropoietin in trial.1990:
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