《管理学教学资料》10erobb课件.ppt

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1、Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,51,Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics,Chapter5,Management Stephen P.Robbins Mary Coulter,tenth edition,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,52,Learning OutcomesFollow this Learning Outline as you re

2、ad and study this chapter.,5.1 What Is Social Responsibility?Differentiate between social obligation,social responsiveness and social responsibility.Discuss whether organizations should be socially involved.Describe what conclusion can be reached regarding social involvement and economic importance.

3、,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,53,Learning Outcomes,5.2 Green Management.Define green management.Describe how organizations can go green.Explain how green management can be evaluated.5.3 Managers And Ethical BehaviorDefine ethics.Discuss the factors that influence

4、whether a person behave ethically or unethically.Describe what managers need to know about international ethics.,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,54,Learning Outcomes,5.4 Encouraging Ethical BehaviorDescribe managers important role in encouraging ethical behavior.Disc

5、uss specific ways managers can encourage ethical behavior.5.5 Social Responsibility And Ethics Issues In Todays World.Discuss how managers can manage ethical lapses and social responsibility.Explain the role of social entrepreneurs.Discuss how businesses can promote positive social change.,Copyright

6、 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,55,Learning Outcomes,5.5 Social Responsibility Issues In Todays World.Discuss how managers and organizations can protect employees who raise ethical issues or concerns.Explain what role social entrepreneurs play.Discuss how businesses can promo

7、te positive social change.,Fish death caused by heavy pollution,Copper Mine in Michigan State,在冬春枯水季节，沙颖河两岸经常臭气逼人。距离沙颖河不足百米的沈丘县槐店镇中学学生，只好带上口罩和墨镜坚持上课。在淮河支流沙颖河沿岸的河南省沈丘县，出现了多个“癌症高发村”。有些村庄一年的非正常死亡人数竟有近人。因为怀疑此事和沙颖河水质严重污染有关，当地村民纷纷高价购买桶装纯净水充当饮用水源。,Industrial Area around Moscow,What do our entrepreneurs do?

8、,Wenchuan earthquake in 5.12,Discussion,Should enterprises/entrepreneurs assume social responsibilities?What responsibilities should enterprises/entrepreneurs take?,What Is Social Responsibility?The Classical View:Milton Friedman,Managements only social responsibility is to maximize profits(create a

9、 financial return)by operating the business in the best interests of the stockholders(owners of the corporation).Expending the firms resources on doing“social good”unjustifiably increases costs that lower profits to the owners and raises prices to consumers.,Arguments against social responsibilities

10、,Violation of profit maximizationDilution of purposeCostsToo much powerLack of skills,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,515,What Is Social Responsibility?,The Socioeconomic ViewManagements social responsibility goes beyond making profits to include protecting and impro

11、ving societys welfare.Corporations are not independent entities responsible only to stockholders.Firms have a moral responsibility to larger society to become involved in social,legal,and political issues.“To do the right thing”,Arguments for social responsibility,Public expectationsLong-run profits

12、Ethical obligationPublic imageBetter environmentDiscouragement of further governmental regulationBalance of responsibility and powerStockholder interestsSuperiority of prevention over cures,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,517,From Obligation to Responsiveness to Resp

13、onsibility,Social ObligationThe obligation of a business to meet its economic and legal responsibilities and nothing more.Social ResponsivenessWhen a firm engages in social actions in response to some popular social need.Social ResponsibilityA businesss intention,beyond its legal and economic obliga

14、tions,to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society.,Responsibilities to employees,Not discriminating employeesRegular or irregular training of employeesConstruct good work environment for employees,Responsibilities to customers,Provide safe productsProvide correct product informa

15、tionProvide rear sales serviceProvide necessary instructionProvide customers with free choice of products,Responsibilities to competitors,Not suppress competition,no malicious competitionCooperation while competition,competition while cooperationEconomy of scale,Social responsibilities to investors,

16、Produce good investment returnProvide timely and accurate information to investors,Social responsibilities to community,Provide employment opportunitiesPay back part of the profits to the communityParticipate in public benefits or charity activities,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as

17、 Prentice Hall,523,Exhibit 51Social Responsibility Versus Social Responsiveness,Source:Adapted from S.L.Wartick and P.L.Cochran,“The Evolution of the Corporate Social Performance Model,”Academy of Management Review,October 1985,p.766.,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,

18、524,Does Social Responsibility Pay?,Studies appear to show a positive relationship between social involvement and the economic performance of firms.Difficulties in defining and measuring“social responsibility”and“economic performance”raise issues of validity and causation in the studies.Mutual funds

19、 using social screening in investment decisions slightly outperformed other mutual funds.A general conclusion is that a firms social actions do not harm its long-term performance.,The economic function of manufacturing in China,Gross domestic product：1/3Industrial production：4/5National Revenue：1/3

20、Total export：90%Employment：over 80 million,Features of Chinese economic growth:Extensive typeEnergy consumption of 1 dollar produced in China is 5.9 times of the average consumption of the 7 industrial countries in Europe;4.3 times of that of the United State;7.7 times of that of Germany and French;

21、11.5 times of that of Japan,Green Manufacturing,绿色制造是一种综合考虑环境影响和资源效率的现代制造模式，它的目标是使产品从设计、制造、运输、使用到报废处理的整个产品生命周期中，对环境的负作用最小、资源效率最高。,Green Week,Berlin Germany,Environmental-friendly car,Recycling Action by Nokia,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,532,The Greening of Manage

22、ment,The recognition of the close link between an organizations decision and activities and its impact on the natural environment.Global environmental problems facing managers:Air,water,and soil pollution from toxic wastesGlobal warming from greenhouse gas emissionsNatural resource depletion,Copyrig

23、ht 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,533,How Organizations Go Green,Legal(or Light Green)ApproachFirms simply do what is legally required by obeying laws,rules,and regulations willingly and without legal challenge.Market ApproachFirms respond to the preferences of their customer

24、s for environmentally friendly products.Stakeholder ApproachFirms work to meet the environmental demands of multiple stakeholdersemployees,suppliers,and the community.Activist ApproachFirms look for ways to respect and preserve environment and be actively socially responsible.,Copyright 2010 Pearson

25、 Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,534,Exhibit 54 Green Approaches,Source:Based on R.E.Freeman.J.Pierce,and R.Dodd.Shades of Green:Business Ethics and the Environment(New York:Oxford University Press,1995).,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,535,Evaluating the G

26、reening of Management,Organizations become“greener”byUsing the Sustainability Reporting Guidelines to document“green”actions.Adopting ISO 14000 standards for environmental management.Being named as one of the 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World.,Discussion,List some unethical behaviors by

27、 our enterprisesShould employees use office phone to deal with private affairs?What should you do when you find that your boss or organization is involved in illegal business?Do you have to ignore the illegal behaviors while you are loyal to your organization?What do you think of whistle-blowing?If

28、it will threaten your position,will you still blow the whistle?,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,537,Managerial Ethics,Ethics DefinedPrinciples,values,and beliefs that define what is right and wrong behavior.,Views of Ethics,Utilitarian view of ethics(道德的功利观）Rights vi

29、ews of ethics（道德的权力观）Theory of justice view of ethics（道德公正理论观）Integrative social contracts theory（社会契约整合理论）,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,539,Exhibit 55 Factors That Determine Ethical and Unethical Behavior,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentic

30、e Hall,540,Factors That Affect Employee Ethics,Moral DevelopmentA measure of independence from outside influencesLevels of Individual Moral DevelopmentPre-conventional levelConventional levelPrincipled levelStage of moral development interacts with:Individual characteristicsThe organizations structu

31、ral designThe organizations cultureThe intensity of the ethical issue,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,541,Exhibit 56Stages of Moral Development,Source:Based on L.Kohlberg,“Moral Stages and Moralization:The Cognitive-Development Approach,”in T.Lickona(ed.).Moral Devel

32、opment and Behavior:Theory,Research,and Social Issues(New York:Holt,Rinehart&Winston,1976),pp.3435.,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,542,Factors That Affect Employee Ethics,Moral DevelopmentResearch Conclusions:People proceed through the stages of moral development se

33、quentially.There is no guarantee of continued moral development.Most adults are in Stage 4(“good corporate citizen”).,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,543,Factors That Affect Employee Ethics,Individual CharacteristicsValuesBasic convictions about what is right or wron

34、g.PersonalityEgo strength-A personality measure of the strength of a persons convictionsLocus of ControlA personality attribute that measures the degree to which people believe they control their own life.Internal locus:the belief that you control your destiny.External locus:the belief that what hap

35、pens to you is due to luck or chance.,Story of a millionare and a beggar,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,545,Factors That Affect Employee Ethics,Structural VariablesOrganizational characteristics and mechanisms that guide and influence individual ethics:Performance a

36、ppraisal systemsReward allocation systemsBehaviors(ethical)of managers,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,546,Factors That Affect Employee Ethics,Organizations CultureValues-Based ManagementAn approach to managing in which managers establish and uphold an organizations

37、shared values.The Purposes of Shared ValuesGuiding managerial decisionsShaping employee behaviorInfluencing the direction of marketing effortsBuilding team spiritThe Bottom Line on Shared Corporate ValuesAn organizations values are reflected in the decisions and actions of its employees.Intensity of

38、 the Ethical Issue,Broken window theory,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,548,Exhibit 57Determinants of Issue Intensity,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,549,Ethics in an International Context,Ethical standards are not universal.Social an

39、d cultural differences determine acceptable behaviors.Foreign Corrupt Practices ActMakes it illegal to corrupt a foreign official,yet“token”payments to officials are permissible when doing so is an accepted practice in that country.The Global Compact,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing a

40、s Prentice Hall,550,Exhibit 58Ten Principles of the United Nations,Human Rights Principle 1:Support and respect the protection of international human rights within their sphere of influence.Principle 2:Make sure business corporations are not complicit in human rights abuses.Labor Standards Principle

41、 3:Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining.Principle 4:The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor.Principle 5:The effective abolition of child labor.Principle 6:The elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupati

42、on.Environment Principle 7:Support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges.Principle 8:Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility.Principle 9:Encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies.Principle 10:Businesses should work a

43、gainst corruption in all its forms,including extortionand bribery.,Source:Courtesy of Global Compact.,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,551,How Managers Can Improve Ethical Behavior in An Organization,Hire individuals with high ethical standards.Establish codes of ethi

44、cs and decision rules.Lead by example.Set realistic job goals and include ethics in performance appraisals.Provide ethics training.Conduct independent social audits.Provide support for individuals facing ethical dilemmas.,案例:MORTOR公司的正直,MORTOR是一家最受瞩目的朝道的商业实践前进的公司。公司的领导者很清楚地告诉员工，无论谁在商业行为违反了公司的道德标准之一(

45、这些道德标准在全世界统一地实行)，结果都是立刻被解雇。曾有一个例子是这样的：在1950年那一年，MORTOR在全球的营业额只有20亿美元(现在的营业额是200亿美元)。公司竞标南美某国政府的一个1000万美元的定单，做一个微波通讯系统。这一年的年未，MORTOR赢得了这个合同。可是这个时候，公司里负责这个项目的主管却说他不愿意做这笔生意，这项目的主管说，购买设备的人希望MORTOR公司能够把合同的金额改为1100万美元，并且提供更多的培训，这个主管认为出来的100万元很可能会流到一些将军的口袋之中。他不愿意跟这些从事不道德行为的进行交易，他认为这样会有捐公司正直的信誉，所以虽然放弃这个定单会令

46、公司损失1000元万元，可是他还是愿意这样做。,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall,553,Exhibit 59 Codes of Ethics,Cluster 1.Be a Dependable Organizational Citizen1.Comply with safety,health,and security regulations.2.Demonstrate courtesy,respect,honesty,and fairness.3.Illegal drugs and alcohol

47、 at work are prohibited.4.Manage personal finances well.5.Exhibit good attendance and punctuality.6.Follow directives of supervisors.7.Do not use abusive language.8.Dress in business attire.9.Firearms at work are prohibited.,Cluster 2.Do Not Do Anything Unlawful or Improper That Will Harm the Organi

48、zation1.Conduct business in compliance with all laws.2.Payments for unlawful purposes are prohibited.3.Bribes are prohibited.4.Avoid outside activities that impair duties.5.Maintain confidentiality of records.6.Comply with all antitrust and trade regulations.7.Comply with all accounting rules and co

49、ntrols.8.Do not use company property for personal benefit.9.Employees are personally accountable for company funds.10.Do not propagate false or misleading information.11.Make decisions without regard for personal gain.,Cluster 3.Be Good to Customers1.Convey true claims in product advertisements.2.Pe

50、rform assigned duties to the best of your ability.3.Provide products and services of the highest quality.,Source:F.R.David,“An Empirical Study of Codes of Business Ethics:A Strategic Perspective,”paper presented at the 48th Annual Academy of Management Conference,Anaheim,California,August 1988.,Copy