《桥梁工程》梁式桥和板式桥设计课件.ppt

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1、第二篇 钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土梁式桥Part 2 RC&PC beam bridge,第一章Chapter 1梁式桥概述 Introduction of the beam bridge,BRIDGE ENGRGPART II,Chapter 1 梁式桥概述 Introduction of the beam bridge,1.1 Classification 类型的划分,（1）按承重结构的静力体系划分 Classification based on the structural system,简支梁桥 Simple supported beam连续梁桥 bridgeContinuous bea

2、m bridge悬臂梁桥 Cantilever beam bridge,Development on the structure 结构体系的演变,简支梁Simple supported beam,Span increasing 跨度增加,q,l,ql2/8,连续梁Continuous beam,悬臂梁Cantilever beam,1.1 Classification 类型的划分,（1）按承重结构的静力体系划分 Classification based on the structural system（2）按承重结构的截面形式划分 Classification based on the str

3、uctural section,板桥肋板式梁桥箱形梁桥,Chapter 1 梁式桥概述 Introduction of the beam bridge,截面形式的演变 Evolution of the section,实心板Solid slab,肋板Slab with ribs,空心板Slab with hollow,T形梁T beam,箱梁Box girder,Span increasing 跨度增加,Chapter 1 梁式桥概述 Introduction of the beam bridge,Chapter 2 第二章梁式桥设计要点与构造Outline on the design and

4、 construct of beam bridge,Part 2 RC&PC beam bridge第二篇 钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土梁式桥,BRIDGE ENGRGPART II,1.1简支体系 Simple-supported structure,简支板桥 Simple-supported slab bridge建筑高度小 Height外形简单，施工安装简便 Form跨径不宜过大 Span,简支板的构造尺寸 Dimension of Simple-supported slab,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,1.1.简支体系

5、Simple-supported structure,简支梁桥 Simple-supported beam bridge,简支梁的构造尺寸 Dimension of Simple-supported beam,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,Standard dimension of simple-supported beam 标准图简支梁的构造尺寸,1.1.Simple-supported structure 简支体系,1.1.2 Simple-supported beam bridge 简支梁桥,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Ele

6、vation arrangement for beam bridge,1.2 cantilever beam system 悬臂体系,1.2.1 RC cantilever beam bridge 钢筋混凝土悬臂梁桥,Single span with two cantilevers单孔双悬臂梁桥T section T形截面lx=(0.30.4)lBox girder 箱形截面lx=(0.40.6)l,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,1.2 Cantilever beam system 悬臂体系,Three span with c

7、antilevers and a hang Beam三跨带挂梁单悬臂梁桥l1=(0.60.8)llg=(0.40.6)lh=(1/121/20)lgH=(1.51.8)h,1.2.1 RC cantilever beam bridge 钢筋混凝土悬臂梁桥,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,1.2 Cantilever beam system 悬臂体系,Multi-span with double cantilevers and hang beams 多跨带挂梁双悬臂梁桥l1=(0.750.8)llg=(0.50.6)l,l,l1,

8、lg,H,h,l,lg,1.2.1 RC cantilever beam bridge 钢筋混凝土悬臂梁桥,T section T形梁 Box girder 箱形梁h=(1/121/20)l h=(1/121/20)l H=(1.51.8)h H=(1.01.5)h,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,1.2 Cantilever beam system 悬臂体系,1.2.2 PC cantilever beam bridge 预应力混凝土悬臂梁桥,PC cantilever beam bridge is more suitable

9、 for large span of more than 50m 跨度超过50m以上，采用预应力混凝土悬臂梁桥更合理。l1=(0.50.8)l h=(1/201/25)l lg=(0.20.4)l H=(1.01.5)h,l,l1,lg,H,h,l,lg,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,1.2 Cantilever beam system 悬臂体系,由于施工阶段的受力与结构使用状态下的受力的一致性，T形刚构桥常是经济的方案。全桥的T形单元尺寸尽可能相同，以简化设计与施工；T形刚构的布置应尽可能对称，以避免T形刚构的桥墩承受不平衡

10、弯矩。,1.2.3 PC rigid-frame bridge 预应力混凝土T形刚构桥,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,1.2 Cantilever beam system 悬臂体系,Structural arrangement of rigid-frame刚构的布置形式：,1.2.3 PC rigid-frame bridge 预应力混凝土T形刚构桥,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,1.2 Cantilever beam system悬臂体系,T形刚构支点、跨中

11、梁高与跨径的关系：带铰T形刚构 l100m H=(1/141/22)l h=(0.200.4)H 且h 1.0m 带挂梁T形刚构l100m H=(1/171/21)l h=(0.200.4)H 且h 1.5m,1.2.3 PC rigid-frame bridge 预应力混凝土T形刚构桥,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,1.3 Continuous beam system 连续体系,Mid-span 中间跨 l=8 14m Side-span 边跨（0.70.8）l Height on mid-span section跨中截面高

12、 h=(1/181/30)lHeight on supported section支点截面高 H=(1.21.5)h,1.3.1 Continuous slab bridge 连续板桥,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,1.3 Continuous beam system 连续体系,不等跨变截面连续梁布置（以三跨为例）边跨（0.60.8）l 支架施工可取0.8l 悬臂施工可取 0.65l折线形变截面 支点截面高 H=(1/161/20)l，跨中截面高 h=(1/221/28)l曲线形变截面支点截面高 H=(1/161/20)l，跨

13、中截面高 h=(1/301/50)l等跨等截面连续梁布置截面高 h=(1/151/30)l，常用 h=(1/181/20)l,1.1.1 Continuous beam bridge连续梁桥,1 梁式桥的立面布置 Elevation arrangement for beam bridge,2 design and construct of the slab bridge 板桥的设计与构造,2.1 form of the simple-supported slab bridge 简支板桥的构造,Section of slab 板桥的截面形式,Solid实心板,Irregular shape 异形

14、板,Integral 整体式,Assemble 装配式,Solid实心板,Hollow 空心板,(1)Reinforcement detail 配筋构造：主筋不小于 12mm720cm 且两侧边缘板带的主钢筋数量，宜较中间2/3板宽范围内板带增加15%分布筋不小于 6 mm25cm保护层厚度不小于2cm深入支点的主筋总量不少于跨中主筋总量的1/4，且间距不少于每米3根,2.1.1 Cast-in-site slab bridge 整体式板桥,2.1 Construct of the simple-supported slab bridge 简支板桥的构造,2.1.1 Cast-in-site

15、slab bridge 整体式板桥,（2）实例 A case 标准跨径6m，桥面净宽-7m+2x0.2m,汽车-20级，挂车-100,2.1 Construct of the simple-supported slab bridge 简支板桥的构造,2.1.2 Construction of the prefabricated slab 装配式板桥的构造,装配式板桥分实心板和空心板标准图实心铰接板跨径为：1.5m、1.0m，1.5m，2.0m，3.0m，4.0m，6.0m和8.0m 桥面净宽按照老规范有净-7和净-9两种。,2.1 Construct of the simple-support

16、ed slab bridge 简支板桥的构造,2.1 简支板桥的构造,2.1.2 Construction of the prefabricated slab装配式板桥的构造,标准图实心铰接板实例,2.1 Construct of the simple-supported slab bridge 简支板桥的构造,2.1.2 Construction of the prefabricated slab装配式板桥的构造,Transverse connection 装配式板桥的横向联接企口混凝土铰连接钢板连接,2.1.1 Static characteristic of the skew bridg

17、e斜交板桥的受力特点,力的传递规律,正交简支板,斜交简支板,2.2 Features of the skew bridge 斜交板桥的特点,2.1.1 Static characteristic of the skew bridge 斜交板桥的受力特点,受力特点,斜跨径l的简支斜板的纵向主弯矩比同宽、跨径l 的正交简支板之值小，并随斜交角的增大而减小；,b,b,在与钝角的平分线相垂直的方向上，具有较大的负弯矩，并随斜交角的增大而增大，其分布范围不宽并迅速消减；,支撑边上的反力很不均匀，在两钝角部分的支座压力要大得多，而锐角处反力较小，甚至出现负反力（上翘）；,l,2.2 Features of

18、 the skew bridge 斜交板桥的特点,l,2.1.2 Construction features of the skew slab斜交板桥的构造特点,整体式斜交板 城市板桥l与b 较接近（l/b 1.3),两钝角之间，配置主筋垂直于支撑边；,分布筋与支撑边平行；,靠近自由边，主筋延斜边布置，与两钝角之间主筋完全衔接。,2.2 Features of the skew bridge 斜交板桥的特点,2.2 Features of the skew bridge 斜交板桥的特点,2.1.2 Construction features of the skew slab斜交板桥的构造特点,

19、装配式斜交板 板宽b=99cm，一般 l/b 1.3,当=2535，平行四边形布置；,当=4060，主筋延斜边布置，分布筋两钝角之间垂直于主筋，在支撑边附近着平行于支撑边；,3.1 Construct characteristic of the simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式简支梁桥的构造特点,Section 截面型式 槽形、T形和箱形。,3.1 Construction features of the prefabricated simple-supported beam bridge装配式简支梁桥的构造特点,槽形截面的特

20、点：施工稳定性好，安装较方便；腹板薄，配筋通常只能采用钢筋网片，难以形成骨架；钢筋用量相对较多，构件重量较大；通常采用钢筋混凝土(RC)，适用跨径为612m。,1.Section 截面型式,3.1 Construct characteristic of the simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式简支梁桥的构造特点,T形截面的特点：制造简单；肋内配筋可以做成钢筋骨架；整体性较好，接头方便施工稳定性差，运输和安装较复杂；构件在桥面板的跨中接头，对板的受力不利；采用RC时，适用跨径为4.520m；采用PC时，适用跨径为2040m；,1

21、.Section 截面型式,跨中接头位置,3.1 Construct characteristic of the simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式简支梁桥的构造特点,箱形截面的特点：抗扭刚度大，偏心荷载下梁的受力较均匀；横向抗弯刚度大，稳定性好；制作较复杂，重量相对较大；,1.Section 截面型式,3.1 Construct characteristic of the simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式简支梁桥的构造特点,块件划分的原则（1）技术可行：预制、

22、吊装、运输条件（2）受力较小：接缝的位置（3）施工简单：接缝的数量（4）力求标准化块件划分方式（1）纵向竖缝（2）纵向水平缝（3）纵、横向竖缝,2.块件划分,3.1 Construct characteristic of the simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式简支梁桥的构造特点,（1）纵向竖缝,2.块件划分,3.1 Construct characteristic of the simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式简支梁桥的构造特点,3.1 Construct

23、characteristic of the simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式简支梁桥的构造特点,（1）纵向水平缝,2.块件划分,主梁布置横隔梁布置,3.2.1 构造布置,b,l/2,l/2,l/4,l/4,b,端横隔板,中横隔板,1/4横隔板,A,A,A-A,B,B,B-B,3.2 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式钢筋混凝土简支梁桥,主梁及横隔梁布置实例,3.2.1 构造布置,3.2 design and con

24、struct of simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式钢筋混凝土简支梁桥,主梁,3.2.2 截面尺寸的拟定,边梁,中梁,1518cm,h=(1/111/16)l,h=3/4h,R,A,68cm,h/12,150220cm,3.2 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式钢筋混凝土简支梁桥,横隔板,3.2.2 截面尺寸的拟定,横隔板,16cm,梁高,h=3/4h,R,14cm,3.2 design and construct

25、 of simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式钢筋混凝土简支梁桥,主筋 主筋的弯起 分布钢筋 其它构造钢筋 保护层,3.2.3 钢筋构造,3.2 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式钢筋混凝土简支梁桥,干接头 湿接头,3.2.4 装配式主梁的连接构造,3.2 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式钢筋混凝土简支梁桥

26、,湿接头实例,3.2.4 装配式主梁的连接构造,连接前 连接后,3.2 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated RC beam bridge 装配式钢筋混凝土简支梁桥,端部梁肋加厚 梁肋下部加宽成马蹄形 翼缘板加宽,3.3.1 构造布置,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,核心截面概念 作用在核心区域内的轴向力在截面上将不产生拉应力,3.3.2 截面尺寸拟定,P,P,h,x=0,s=

27、0,1/3h,1/3h,1/3h,核心距,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,截面上受弯矩和轴向力作用时,弯矩的作用等效于轴向力上移一段距离：,3.3.2 截面尺寸拟定,P,h,e,P,M,e=M/P,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,施工阶段-施加预应力,3.3.2 截面尺寸拟定,e,Ny,-,Ny e,h,N

28、y,e,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,运营阶段,3.3.2 截面尺寸拟定,e,-,+,Mg2+Mp,二期恒载及活载,Ny e-Mg1,h,Ny-Ny,e=ko+ku=(Mg2+Mp)/(Ny-Ny),e,e,ku,上核心点,ko,Ny-Ny,Ny-Ny,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,结论截面设计中应使截

29、面的形心位置要高，以加大偏心距e，从而节省预应力筋的数量；e=Mg1/Ny Ny e=Mg1截面核心距的大小体现了运营阶段承受荷载的能力，而且核心距k值越大，预应力筋就越节省；ko+ky=(Mg2+Mp)/(Ny-Ny)(Ny-Ny)(ko+ky)=(Mg2+Mp),3.3.2 截面尺寸拟定,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,截面效率指标=k/h好的预应力T形梁设计，应当是截面效率指标大，形心位置高。一般地说，腹板愈薄，值也愈大；马蹄愈小，翼缘愈宽，则

30、形心位置越高。,3.3.2 截面尺寸拟定,h,b1,b,h=（1/16 1/18）lh=（0.150.2）h b=1.82.3mb=0.140.18mb1=(2.03.0)b马蹄区管道保护层厚度6cm马蹄面积不宜少于全截面的10%12%,b,h,45,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,（1）纵向预应力筋布置上、下限心点和索界,3.3.3 配筋特点,h,=(Ny Ny),ft,Co,Ny,k,上限心点,Cu,Ny,ft,下限心点,张拉阶段,运营阶段,抗拉

31、极限强度,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,（1）纵向预应力筋布置上、下限心点和索界,3.3.3 配筋特点,上限心点,下限心点,Co,Cu,Mg1,M=Mg1+Mg2+Mp,Mg1/Ny,M/Ny,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,纵向预应力筋的布置,3.3.3 配筋特点,纵向预应力筋的重心线布置在索界以内，是

32、最常用的形式,纵向预应力筋的重心线布置在索界以上，预应力筋的弯起角度较大，可提高梁的抗剪能力，但摩擦引起的预应力损失较大,直线预应力筋布置，适合先张法施工。预应力筋布置在索界以下，放张时梁端上部容易开裂,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,3.3.3 配筋特点,锚固位置局部应力集中，锚具在两端的布置因遵循“分散”“均匀”“对称”的原则并配置一定的加强钢筋，后张法构件张拉力一般较大，还需设钢套筒和钢垫板。,纵向预应力筋的锚固,3.3 design and

33、construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,3.3.4 构造实例,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION,WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,3.3.4 构造实例,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION,WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,3.3 design and

34、construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,3.3.4 构造实例,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,3.3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated PC beam bridge 装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥,3.3.4 construction site A case 构造实例,S

35、ection 3 design and construct of simple-supported and fabricated beam bridge 装配式简支梁桥的设计与构造,1.装配式简支梁桥的构造特点截面形式块件划分方式2.装配式钢筋混凝土简支梁桥截面尺寸拟定、钢筋构造和连接构造3.装配式预应力混凝土简支梁桥截面尺寸拟定：截面效率指标预应力配筋构造：索界与纵向预应力配筋预应力筋的锚固,Review of this section 本节回顾,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION,WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥和刚构桥,4.1 连续

36、梁桥,4.1.1.概述（1）总体布置,(0.60.8)l,l,(1/301/50)l,(1/151/20)l,支架施工可取0.8l 悬臂施工可取 0.65l,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 截面形式 箱形截面,I,I,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 截面形式 箱形截面,I,I,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 预应力筋的布置方式,先简支后连续施工,支架现浇施工,悬臂施工,顶推施工,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 细部尺寸,I,I,II,II,顶板厚度 底板厚度 腹板厚度 加腋构造,顶板

37、厚度,腹板厚度,底板厚度,加腋构造,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 细部尺寸,I,I,II,II,顶板厚度两个因素决定：1）横向弯矩2）纵横向布置预应力筋,纵向预应力筋,横向预应力筋,l,0.5l,0.5l,b1,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 细部尺寸,I,I,II,II,底板厚度跨中支点,b2=200250mm,b2=(1/101/12)H,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 细部尺寸,I,I,II,II,腹板厚度 1）布置纵向预应力筋管道的需要 无管道时 200mm 有管道时 250300mm 有锚固头时35

38、0mm 2）抗剪的需要 300800mm,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 细部尺寸,加腋构造加腋使得截面的受力得到改善,1）水平加腋对纵向布束有利2)竖加腋可加大腹板的刚度，对改善腹板受力有利,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 截面形式 横隔梁设置端,I,II,II,I,II-II,I-I,端横隔梁,人孔,端横隔梁,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.1 连续梁桥,（2）结构构造 截面形式 端横隔梁构造厚度300500mm,端横隔梁配筋示意,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.2 连续刚构桥,（1）力学特点恒载下，与连续梁桥内力基本一致活载下，跨中正弯矩较连续梁桥要小（2）构造特点,(0.550.58)l,l,(1/2.51/3.5)H,(1/161/20)l,第四节 连续桥梁和刚构桥,4.2 刚构桥,（3）立面形式,双肢薄壁墩,V形墩,单薄壁墩,