《食品专业英语》课件.ppt

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1、Lesson 3:AMINO ACIDS,2,Food English,Contents,Exercises,Text,New words,Questions,Homework,3,Food English,1 Which nutrients exist in food?,Protein,Carbohydrate,Lipids,Water,Vitamins,Minerals Dietary fiber(DF),ANSWER is:,4,Food English,carbon,2 Which elements include in protein?,hydrogen,oxygen,nitroge

2、n,Occasionally:,sulphur,5,Food English,How many kinds of amino acids in protein?,How many kinds of essential amino acids in protein?They are?,20,8+1,6,Food English,New words,1.amino-氨基的amino group 氨基-NH2 amino nitrogen 氨基态氮amino acid,7,Food English,-yl 基 acyl 酰基 acetyl 乙酰基 methyl 甲基 ethyl 乙基 propyl

3、丙基 carboxyl 羧基 carbonyl 羰基,group 基团,8,Food English,EXERSICES,aminoacylase 氨基酰化酶 peptidase 肽酶carboxymethyl-羧甲基ethyl alcohol 乙醇tricarboxylic acid cycle,9,Food English,meta-变化,代谢metabolic adj.代谢作用的,新陈代谢的metabolic rate 代谢率metabolic activity 代谢能力metabolic balance 代谢平衡metabolite n.代谢(产)物metabolism n.新陈代谢m

4、etabolize v.使代谢,使同化metabolizable adj.可代谢的,10,Food English,2)New words,precursor n.前体；先驱genus n.种类、属genera pl.isolates n.种群 mutant n.突变异种substrate n.底物 ant.终产物：end products,11,Food English,excrete vt.排泄；分泌feedback 反馈 feedback inhibition 反馈抑制,12,Food English,13,Food English,14,Food English,Amino acids

5、 are produced using a range of technologies including direct fermentation,biotransformation of precursors,extraction of protein hydrolysates and chemical synthesis.,TEXT,The first paragraph,15,Food English,They have a variety of uses as nutrients and flavours in the food and feed industries.Table 1

6、indicates the annual demand,production methods and applications of amino acids in the food industry.,TEXT,The first paragraph,16,Food English,Some phrases,flavour enhancer 风味加强剂baking antioxidant焙烤抗氧化剂sweetener component甜味成分feed additive食品添加剂,The first paragraph,17,Food English,Important amino acids

7、 with non-food applications include L-arginine,L-glutamine,L-histidine,L-leucine,L-phenylalanine,L-tyrosine and L-valine.,TEXT,The first paragraph,18,Food English,Question for first paragraph,Which methods can be used to produce amino acids?direct fermentation biotransformation of precursors using c

8、ells or enzymes extraction of protein hydrolysateschemical synthesis,19,Food English,While fermentation or biotransformation processes have been developed for production of all amino acids except.,not all of these processes are commercially viable.,TEXT,The second paragraph,在大量的生产中是可行的,20,Food Engli

9、sh,.are produced by purification of protein hydrolysates,TEXT,purification 纯化purifier 纯化装置purify v.纯化purificant 净化剂,The second paragraph,21,Food English,Chemical synthesis is more economical for production of optically-inactive racemic mixture of D-and L-isomers,TEXT,optical:光学的optically-inactive：无光

10、学活性的,iso-等,同,异.(P126)isomer 同分异构体,The second paragraph,22,Food English,Processes involving amino acylase enzymes may be used to resolve these racemic mixtures.,TEXT,The second paragraph,氨基酰化酶,23,Food English,In this paragraph each production method had be made a brief introduction.Which method accor

11、ding to text may produce most types of amino acids?fermentation or biotransformation,24,Food English,The last paragraph,25,Food English,Because of cell metabolic regulatory mechanisms,particularly end-product repression and inhibition,substantial levels of amino acids are rarely excreted by wild-typ

12、e isolates.,TEXT,代谢调节机制,野生种群,终产物的阻遏和抑制,实际需要量,26,Food English,Auxotrophic mutants,which lack the enzyme needed to form the regulatory effector metabolite(often the end product),may accumulate and excrete the metabolic intermediate which is the substrate for the eliminated enzyme,效应物,代谢中间物,底物,营养缺陷型突变体

13、,27,Food English,End-product inhibition by the amino acid product of an unbranched biosynthetic pathway may be avoided by the development of regulatory mutants,(having an altered feedback-insensitive key enzyme,thus allowing accumulation of the particular amino acid).,调节型突变体,关键酶,28,Food English,Esse

14、ntial amino acids(EAA)必需氨基酸Dispensable(nonessential)amino acids(DAA,NEAA)非必需氨基酸Conditionally dispensable amino acids 条件非必需氨基酸Cysteine 半胱氨酸Methionine Tyrosine 酪氨酸 Phenylalanine Taurine 牛磺酸,Supplements,29,Food English,Indispensable(essential)amino acids(IDAA,EAA)必需氨基酸,Isoleucine,Ile 异亮氨酸Lysine,Lys 赖氨酸Methionine,Met 蛋氨酸,甲硫氨酸Valine,Val 缬氨酸Leucine,Leu 亮氨酸Tryptophan,Trp 色氨酸Phenylalanine,Phe 苯丙氨酸Threonine,Thr 苏氨酸Histidine,His 组氨酸(infant),30,Food English,Homework,Yogurt production process.(PPT,10min),