商务英语中一词多义现象与翻译.ppt
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1、商务英语一词多义现象,英语词汇的涵义范围比较宽,比较丰富多彩,词义对上下文的依赖性比较大,独立性比较小。(刘 庆.文体与翻译.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1985)当英语中的词语孤立的 时候,其具体意义难以确定。即,英语词语的词义具有游移性(vacillant)和灵活性(flexible)Firth:Each word when used in a new context is a new word.,现代汉语词语的涵义范围比较狭窄,词义比较精确、固定、严谨,其伸缩性和对上下文的依赖性比较小,具有较强的独立性现代汉语里一词多义的现象远没有英语普遍。,Introduction to Cognit
2、ive linguistics,Emerge in 1970s and become increasingly active since 1980s,Cognitive Linguistics is an approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it.其研究范围包括范畴化和原型理论,隐喻概念和认知语法等。(categorization,metaphor,Grammaticalization),Lakoffs concep
3、tual theory of metaphor概念隐喻理论,Lakoff认为,可以把隐喻理解为从源域到目的域的映射。映射是指将某个认知域的部分结构投射到另一个认知域中去。具体地说,人们使用源域的结构及相关的知识或经验,去谈论或思考目的域的概念。The conventional metaphorical expressions are not a purely linguistic phenomenon,but the manifestation of a conceptual mapping between two semantic domains;The metaphorical mappi
4、ng is asymmetrical(不对称的):the expression is about a situation in one domain(the target domain),using a concepts mapped over from another domain(the source domain)The metaphorical mapping can be used for metaphorical reasoning about concepts in the target domain,cognitive hypothesis,language is not an
5、 autonomous cognitive facultygrammar is conceptualization(grammatical inflections and grammatical constructions play a major role in construing the experience)knowledge of language emerges from language use,Metaphor,We use our basic bodily understanding of places,movement,forces,paths,objects and co
6、ntainers as sources of information about life,love,mathematics,and all other abstract concepts,Conventionalized metaphors,TIME IS SPACEIll see you at 2 oclock.STATES ARE CONTAINERSHe is in danger.A(conventional)metaphor is therefore a conceptual mapping between two domains:TARGET DOMAIN IS SOURCE DO
7、MAIN.The target domain is rather abstract(like TIME and STATES),whereas the source domain(like SPACE and CONTAINERS)is more concrete.,Some examples:,Metaphor of the Mind,Grammaticalization,Content wordsgrammatical wordscliticinflectional affixA basket full of eggs a cupful(of water)hopeful实词虚化,The r
8、ole of metaphor in grammaticalization,Metaphorical processes are processes of inference across conceptual boundaries in terms of“mapping”from one domain to another.The mapping is not random,but motivated by analogy and iconic relationships.Early grammaticalization is strongly motivated by metaphoric
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- 商务英语 中一词 多义 现象 翻译
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