高三语法总复习动词时态简.ppt

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1、高三语法总复习,动词的时态,时态的构成,16种时态；其中常用的10种；高考常考点78种。重点：现在完成时与过去时的对比过去进行时；主从句时态一致,时态的构成,常用时态用法 及易混时态辨析,一般现在时,基本用法1、He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.（经常性或习惯性的动作）2、She has a brother who lives in New York.（人、事物的现在状况和特点）3、Pride goes before a fall.(骄兵必败。格言或警句)4、The earth goes around the sun.（客观真理

2、和科学事实等）5、He will call me once he arrives at the airport.（主将从现）6.The plane takes off at 11a.m.（表将来）,一般现在时的主要考点,考点一：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：Ill write to her when I have time.If we hurry up,we can catch the bus.Whatever you say,I wont pay.Whether yo

3、u help him or not,he will fail.Next time Ill do as he says.,一般现在时的主要考点,C.f.但是在以when,if/whether 引导的名词性从句或者在定语从句不遵循此法。I dont know whether it rains tomorrow or not.I dont know whether it will rain tomorrow.,一般现在时的主要考点,考点三：What time does the film begin?Tomorrow is Tuesday.常用于此意的词有：begin,come,go,leave,sa

4、il,start,arrive,return,end,stop,depart,open,close,be,etc.C.f.Here comes the bus!（正在发生的动作）How it rains!（存在的状态）,现在进行时用法,We are waiting for you now.Look,they are swimming.（常有now,at the moment；及动作提示：look,Be quiet等）Mr.Green is writing another novel.（现阶段的或者暂时性的行为；说话时动作未必正在进行）My sister is working at home t

5、his week.The population of the world is rising very fast.（现阶段的发展、变化和趋势）,现在进行时用法,You are always thinking of others.The baby is constantly screaming.He is forever finding fault with me.（反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态;往往带有说话人的主观色彩。）be动词的进行时表示一时的表现。C.f.I cant understand why hes being so selfish.He isnt usually like th

6、at.He never thinks about other people.He is very selfish.,现在进行时用法,Im flying to Chicago tomorrow.（将来）You can do some reading when you are waiting for the train.（主将从现）,现在进行时与一般现在时表将来的区别,What time are you leaving tomorrow?（多是人作主语；个人的安排；多用于表示位移的瞬间动词）What time does the train leave tomorrow?（多是物作主语；列在时间表上

7、的动作）,进行时与一般现在时的区别,进行时：动作在进行中；未完成；描述暂时性的状态；与always等连用表示某种情感。一般现在时：一般性的、不断重复的动作；永久性的动作。Im living with some friends until I find a flat.(临时性的)My parents live in London.They have lived there all their lives.（永久性的）,现在进行时,注意：许多时候表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子并没有“正在”的字样，但译为英语时必须用进行时。1)工作进展如何？How are you getting on with th

8、e work?2)我们想在这里建一座水坝。Were thinking of building a dam here.3)风刮得很大。Its blowing hard.4)你等谁呢？Who are you waiting for?5)你的电话。/有你电话/找你的。Someone is asking for you on the phone.,不用进行时的动词,1、表示事实状态的动词，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：I have two brothers.我有

9、两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。,不用进行时的动词,2、表示心理状态的动词，如know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：I need your help.我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much.他爱她很深。,注意：有时静态动词又同时是一个描述动作的实意动词，这时则可用于进行时态。Were enjoying ou

10、r holiday.We have a nice room in the hotel.Were enjoying our holiday.We are having a good time.Do you see anyone over there?(看到；状态或感觉)Are you seeing someone off?（送行；正在进行）I hear someone singing.(听见)You are hearing an English talk.(听)What do you think of it?（认为，觉得）What are you thinking about?(想，考虑),不用

11、进行时的动词,不用进行时的动词,3、瞬间动词，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如：I accept your advice.我接受你的劝告。4、系动词，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。例如：You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。,一般将来时,We will know the result tomorrow.Will you be at home at seven this evening?(请求)

12、Ill be home in time for supper.(允诺)I think they will succeed.(看法)-Dont be late.-No,I wont.(同意)Oil will float on water./The door wont open.(倾向性否定形式很常用。)He will come to me when he is in trouble.（习惯性）,表示将来时的其他几种情况,Be going to do He is going to buy a new car.2.Be doing Im flying to Chicago tomorrow.3.Be

13、 to do We are to discuss the report next Saturday.（按计划或正式安排将发生的事。）4.Be about to do He is about to leave for Beijing.（不与明确的将来时的时间状语连用。）,will与be going to的区别,What are you going to do tomorrow?Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.（有迹象要发生的事。）I feel terrible.Im going to be sick.-Ann is in

14、hospital.-Oh really?I didnt know.Ill go and visit her.(说话时决定的动作)-Ann is in hospital.-Yes,I know.Im going to visit her tomorrow.(事先打算好的),注意：有些中文句子没有表示将来的时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。1）我想想/我考虑考虑。Ill think it over.2）他们不会反对的。They wont be against it.3）会开不了多久。The meeting wont last long.,一般将来时,一般过去时的基本用法,1、表示

15、在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作The car isnt here.Where did you park it yesterday.2、表示过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。He used to smoke a lot.常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;last week;in 1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a few days ago;when,一般过去时的基本用法,3、在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a ra

16、ise 4、表示现在或将来臆想的或非真实的情况，多用于以下句型（虚拟）If she died,would you die too?她要是死了，你也去死吗？,一般过去时的基本用法,I wish I were back home.I dont like here.真希望我回到了家里。我不喜欢这儿。Id rather you didnt do it.我宁愿你不做这件事。Its time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。,一般过去时的考点,考点一：used to+do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。be/become/get used to+doing，表示习惯于He used

17、 to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.考点二：瞬间过去时I didnt know you were so busy.,判断正误,1、对不起，我没看见你在这儿。Sorry,I dont see you here.Sorry,I didnt see you here.2、我忘了把你的伞带来了。I forget to bring your umbrella with me.I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.KEY:第二句正确。,练习,（最后）比分怎样？What was the last f

18、inal?我还以为你出去了呢。I thought you were out.没想到在这里碰到你。I didnt expect to meet you here.,我没意识到我拿了你的笔。I didnt realize that I took your pen.很遗憾你没去听报告。It was a pity you didnt go to the talk.你说什么？What did you say?很高兴收到你的信。I was so pleased to hear from you.,过去进行时,概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。常考形式：My brother fell while he

19、 was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.（主句中）过去时的新动作+when、while、as+进行时，（延续动作；交待背景）I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred 过去进行时/be about to do+when+一般过去时（新发生的动作）。when=at that time;just then.,NMET 1997 第10题 I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio

20、 shop at the time.has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had worked,B,=Lisa was working at a radio shop when I first met her three years ago.（上下文中暗示出了动作发生在具体某个时刻）,过去进行时的考点,-He took a picture of you.-Oh,I wasnt looking.-Hey,look where you are going.-Oh,Im terribly sorry.I wasnt noticing.我没注意。（

21、99年高考）,过去进行时的判断依据,有具体的过去的时间I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.有一个过去时的时间状语从句When he came in,I was doing my homework.有另外一个有明确暗示性的过去时的动作。I called Hannah many times yesterday evening,but I couldnt get through.Her brother was talking on the phone all the time!过去进行时和过去时的区别We built a bridge las

22、t year.(说明动作已结束)We were building a bridge last year.（强调当时动作正在发生。是否结束不知道。）,现在完成时,主语+have/has+过去分词（肯定式）主语+have/has+not+过去分词（否定式）Have/Has+主语+过去分词（疑问式）I have had a clock now.我现在有一个闹钟了。We have not heard from him since 1999.自从1999年以来一直没有收到他的来信。How long have you waited for him?你已经等他多久了？,现在完成时,1、I cant find

23、 my bag.Have you seen it?Oh!Ive cut my finger.典型时间状语：already,yet,notyet,now,just(注意不是just now用于过去时),by this time等连用。2、I have met a lot of people in the last few days.Ive drunk four cups of coffee this morning.典型时间状语：recently,in the last/past few days,so far,up to now，since breakfast,these days,for a

24、 long time,现在完成时,3、Ive been to the Great Wall.Have you ever read any novels written by Dickens?典型时间状语：never,ever,once,twice,before,since等4、主将从现：I will give you my opinion when I have read the book.,现在完成时的考点,1、多和for、since引导的状语连用 Since 用来说明动作起始时间 for 用来说明动作延续时间长度 I have lived here for more than twenty

25、 years.我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这儿了。,since的四种用法,1）since+过去一个时间点 I have been here since 1989.2）since+一段时间+ago。I have been here since five months ago.3）since+从句。Great changes have taken place since you left.4）It is+一段时间+since从句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate

26、 student.,用于现在完成时的句型,2.It is the first/second time.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。如：It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这城市。3.This is+形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：This is the best film that Ive（ever）seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4.It/This/That is the onlythatIt/This/That is the only party that I ha

27、ve ever really enjoyed in my life.,区别几个“到某地去”的词组,Have been to过去到过，现已返回，是最近的经历Have gone to到某地去了，现还没有回来,延续动词与瞬间动词,用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。（表结果）Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）,延续动词与瞬间动词,How long have you had the book?I bought it las

28、t week./Ive had it for a week.Marry/join be married/be inBegin/start be onLeave,arrive,reach be awayBuy,borrow have/keepGraduate be away fromDie be dead end be over,现在完成时与过去时的区别,1)现在完成时总与现在有着密切的关系。一般过去时只可讲述过去；现在完成时侧重的不是发生在过去的动作，而是动作现在的结果。Tom has lost his key.He cant get into the house.Tom lost his k

29、ey yesterday.He couldnt get into the house.2)现在完成时用于提供最新的信息或告知最近发生的事情。如果继续谈下去，一般需用一般过去时。-Wow!Ive burnt myself.-How did you do that?(not have done)-I picked up a hot dish.,现在完成时与过去时的区别,3)现在完成时表示开始于过去，持续到现在的一段时间，如today,this week,since 1915。一般过去时用于表示发生在过去，现在已经结束的一段时间，如yesterday,last week,etc.today。It h

30、asnt rained this week.It didnt rain last week.Have you seen Ann this morning?(仍在早晨)Did you see Ann this morning?(现在时下午或晚上)I have never played golf.(一生中)I didnt play golf when I was on holiday last summer.,现在完成时,When+一般过去时。？How long+现在完成时。？When did it start raining?It started raining an hour ago/at t

31、en oclock.How long has it been raining?Its been raining for an hour/since 1 oclock.,过去完成时,主语+had+过去分词（肯定式）主语+had+not+过去分词（否定式）Had+主语+过去分词（疑问式）We had not heard from him since we left here.自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。,过去完成时的用法,1.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：She said（that）she had never been to Pari

32、s.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。2.状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。,过去完成时的用法,3.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能。例如：We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。,过去完成时的用法,4、在by、by the end、b

33、y the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station.,过去完成时的用法,5、表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly had+主语+过去分词+when+一般过去时。No sooner had+主语+过去分词+than+一般过去时。Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+before+一般过去时。No sooner had we been sea

34、ted than the bus started.我们一坐下，车就开了。,用过去完成时=过去的过去,用过去完成时时应满足以下条件之一：句中有表示过去的时间状语，如：before,by the end of 或一个描述过去动作的从句。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.I didnt know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.By the end of last month,they have finished the w

35、ork.,用过去完成时=过去的过去,在before,after,as soon as,when 等引导的状语从句中，虽然描述的动作有先后，但并不明显，因此不必用过去完成时。They stood up as soon as they saw the general came in.表示一系列的动作时用过去时而不用过去完成时。He entered the room,turned on the light and settled down in the soft.,现在进行时与现在完成进行时的区别,Hurry up!We are waiting.Weve been waiting for an ho

36、ur.,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别,现在完成进行时说明的是动作本身，不管它是否完成。而现在完成时注重说明动作的结果而不是动作的本身。My hands are very dirty.Ive been repairing the car.The car is OK now.Ive repaired it.Shes been smoking too much recently.She should smoke less.Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes.The packet is empty.,时态的呼应,主句谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句谓语动词可

37、用任何所需要的时态。主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句谓语动词一般需用过去时态。从句与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生时，从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。I thought that he studied hard.He told me his son was watching TV从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之后，从句须用过去将来时态。He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao.,时态的呼应,从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前，从句须用过去完成时。They told me they had waited for me fo

38、r half an hour.但是，从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语，其谓语动词所表示的动作虽发生在主句谓语动词动作之前，有时仍用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。They told me they went to Europe last year.,时态的呼应,另外，从句所说明的如果是不受时间限制的真理或事实，则即使主句用过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east.He said Asia is the largest continent.3名词性从句要遵守这种时态呼应规律。而定语从句则是根据本身意思的需要选用适当的时态。,应试要点,1、关注典型的时间状语。2、关注背景/对比动作。3、关注一系列动作间的先后次序。4、关注典型句型。,