转换法在英译汉中.ppt

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1、词性的转换1.有动作意义的名词转换为汉语动词,Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已找到了宇宙探索的应用。火箭已经用来探索宇宙。,有动作意义的名词转换为汉语动词,Some power plants are under construction.几个发电厂正在建造中。The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。,有动作意义的名词转换为汉语动词,The expansion of

2、 the steam in the cylinder causes some of the steam to condense.蒸汽在汽缸中膨胀时，部分蒸汽冷凝。I am afraid I cant teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。,2.动名词转换为汉语动词,One of our ways for getting heat is burning fuels.我们获得热的一种方法是燃烧燃料。Heating water does not cha

3、nge its chemical composition.把水加热不会改变水的化学成分。,3.形容词转换为汉语动词,Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.他们十分满足于试验中获得的数据。,形容词转换为汉语动词,If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom,it would be impo

4、ssible for us to study nuclear physics.如果我们不知道原子的结构，就不可能研究核子物理学。,形容词转换为汉语动词,afraid 害怕、担心anxious 渴望certain 确信doubtful 怀疑,形容词转换为汉语动词,aware 觉察ashamed 惭愧careful 当心、注意delighted 喜欢,形容词转换为汉语动词,glad 高兴sorry 可惜、遗憾uncertain 不能确定familiar 熟悉,形容词转换为汉语动词,ignorant 不知道thankful 感谢confident 深信content 满足,4.介词转换为汉语动词,“

5、Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn,up the path,up the step,across the veranda,and into the porch.“来啦！“她转身蹦着跳着跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过阳台，进了门廊。,5.副词转换为汉语动词,Their experiment has been over.他们的试验已经结束了。Have the oiling of the parts through before the machine is operated.在开动机器之前，要把部件的上油工作做完。,6.动词转换为汉语名词,Gas

6、es differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.气体和固体的区别，在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。,7.形容词转换为汉语名词,After careful treatment the deaf have recovered their hearing.经过悉心治疗后，聋人恢复了他们的听觉。More rooms are being built to accommodate the sick.正在建造更多的病房来收容病员。,8.名词转换为形容词,英语中有些抽象名词前加不定冠词，用

7、作表语时，常译作汉语中的形容词。He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。,9.副词转换为汉语形容词,The wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development of science and technology.电子计算机的广泛应用，对科学技术的发展有极大的影响。,10.形容词转换为汉语副词,We must make full use of existing technical e

8、quipment.我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。We have made a careful study of the properties of these chemical elements.我们仔细地研究了这些化学元素的特性。,句子成分的转换1.动词宾语转换为汉语主语,An automobile must have a brake with high efficiency.汽车的煞车必须高度有效。Water has a density of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot.水的密度是每立方英尺62.4磅。,2.介词宾语转换为汉语主语,A helicopter is

9、 different from an airplane in construction.直升飞机的结构跟普通飞机不同。Atoms differ in their atomic weights.各种原子的原子量是各不相同的。Water is variable in coefficient of expansion.水的膨胀系数是可变的。,3.主语转换为汉语宾语,The molecules are held together by attractive forces.引力把分子聚集在一起。Water is usually considered as a compound of two elemen

10、ts.通常把水看作两种元素的化合物。,4.主语转换为汉语定语,Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.各种材料的磁特性有很大的不同。Softwood trees have thin,needle-like leaves.软材料的叶片纤细，呈针状。,5.主语转换为汉语谓语,当主语为动作名词，而谓语为系动词或make,take之类动词的被动语态时，可将主语译为谓语，并采用无人称句的格式；Precautions are necessary to prevent it from burning.必须注意不要让

11、它烧着。Attempts were made to develop a new technique for breeding rice variety.曾试图研究出一种培育水稻品种的新技术。,6.主语转换为汉语状语,主语较短，并含有状语意义时，可改译为状语，并采用无人称句的格式。如：These circumstances make difficult to find site on which to carry out experiment.由于这些环境条件，难以找到进行试验的场所。Computer battles bugs.用计算机防治害虫。,7.转换为外位语成分,概念：在汉语中，独立于句外

12、，同时又和句 中的某个成分指同一事物或同一概念 的成分叫做外位语。作用：突出某一事物或某一概念，以引起别 人的注意;简化复杂的长句，使之结构严谨，条 理清楚，意思明了。,外位语,实现现代化，这是我们今后相当长时间的中心工作。“实现现代化”用于句外，跟句中的主语“这”指同一概念，“实现现代化”就是外位语。,外位语,Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变成水蒸气，这就叫蒸发。,8.表语转换为汉语主语,The commonly employed forms of energy are kinetic energy

13、and heat energy.动能和热能是通常使用的能的形式。Systematic knowledge possessed as a result of study or practice is science.科学是由研究或实践中所获得的系统的知识。,9.状语转换为汉语主语,Throughout the world come into use the same signs and symbols of mathematics.全世界通用同样的数学记号和符号。Now,heat is being added to the substance.现在这种物质正在加热。,状语转换为汉语主语,High

14、-quality machines of various types are produced in our country.我国生产各种类型的优质机器。,1任何场合，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。2他既有藏书癖，又爱好书法。3他们不满足于现有的成绩。4千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫困。5我非常感激父亲，因为在我小时候他总是不断地鼓励我。6我建议他立刻戒烟。,7国与国之间不同的社会制度不应该妨碍彼此的合作。8外国朋友很喜欢这些手工艺品。9无数的弃权是法国竞选的特点。10他很有口才，很有风度，但有的时候有点软弱。11他口才很好，还精通政治哲学。(他擅长演说，深谙政治哲学)12简单地说，他开始觉得琼斯的神经大概已经完全失常了。,13我能很好地了解过去，我对事实也看得很清楚 14他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助 15只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。,