英语翻译-汉译英3.汉英词义选择.ppt

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1、,“head”和“头”1.He was badly wounded in the head.(头部)2.You should use your head a bit.（头脑）3.I have no head for music.（天资）4.The dinner cost us five dollars a head.（每人）5.Prick with the head of a needle.（针尖）6.Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries.（首脑）7.He stood at the h

2、ead of the staircase.（顶端）8.Heads or tails?(正面),1.这娃娃头真大。The baby has got a big head.2.她正在梳头。She was combing her hair.3.他的女儿在山头上玩。His daughter is playing on the top of the hill.4.一辆小车停在桥西头。A car was parked at the west end of the bridge.5.让我从头讲起吧。Let me tell the story from the very beginning.6.事情不能只顾一

3、头。We mustn t pay attention to only one aspect of the matter.7.这是我头一次来梅州。This is the first time I have been in Meizhou.8.我们有30头牛。We have thirty head of cattle.,1馆：博物馆、图书馆、旅馆、宾馆、大使馆、领事馆、茶馆、饭馆、理发馆、体育馆、展览馆、文化馆、美术馆、科技馆、天文馆、照相馆1museum，library，hotel，guest house，embassy，consulate，tea house，restaurant，barber

4、s shop，gymnasium，exhibition hall，cultural center，art gallery，science and technology center，planetarium，photo studio,2酒：葡萄酒、白酒、烈酒、啤酒、香槟酒、鸡尾酒、白兰地酒、威士忌酒、杜松子酒2wine，alcohol，spirits，beer，champagne，cocktail，brandy/cognac，whisky，gin.,3笔：钢笔、铅笔、圆珠笔、蜡笔、粉笔、毛笔、画笔、电笔3fountain pen，pencil，ballpoint pen，wax crayon，c

5、halk，writing brush，painting brush，electroprobe,4好：a他是祖国的好儿子。b庄稼长得真好。c他们对我真好。d楼的质量不好。e这个问题很好回答。f啊，好票,4aHe is a worthy son of our motherlandbThe crops are doing wellcThey are really kind to medThe building is not well builteThis question is easy to answerfOh，a good seat！,5学习：a学习知识b学习技术c学习外语d学习成绩e学习别人的

6、长处f互相学习g以雷锋为学习的榜样,5aacquire knowledge bmaster a skillcstudy a foreign language dacademic recordseemulate others strong points f1earn from each othergfollow the example of Lei Feng,根据上下文准确理解原文词义,既然汉语和英语在词汇方面有着如此多的差异，因此我们在汉译英时应仔细选择词语，使译文忠实贴切，更好地为英语读者所接受。首先，应根据上下文正确理解原文词义。1.“书”这个词在汉语中是一个十分常用的词，它跟不同的词搭配

7、可组成不同的词语，因此英语里应选择不同的词语来翻译。,一本书 a book申请书 Letter of Application协议书 Agreement家书 a letter from home,(使用)说明书 Directions成交确认书 Sales Confirmation情书 a love letter证书 certificate书画 painting and calligraphy书房 study,书记 secretary书生 intellectual参考书目 bibliography 奋笔疾书 wield ones writing brush energetically,又如:“看”

8、看书看电影 看电视看黑板看病看朋友 看孩子 看门,read a booksee a filmwatch TVlook at the blackboardgo to see a doctorvisit a friendtake care of childrenguard the door,“信“这个词在汉语中也十分常用，它跟不同的字词搭配也可组成不同的词语，因而有着不同的含义。翻译时，我们也应该正确理解词义，选用恰当的英语词语来翻译：,一封信 a letter去取信 to fetch mail失信 to break promise信守诺言 to keep ones promise,信以为真 to

9、 accept something as true信不信 to believe it or not信佛 to profess Buddhism取信于民 to win peoples confidence,信笔 to write freely信步 to stroll idly信（达、雅）faithfulness 善男信女 devout men and women,talk irresponsibly;speak carelessly/rapidly;have a loose tongue;shoot off ones mouth;talk/speak at random;talk reckles

10、sly;speak without measuring ones words;say whatever comes to ones mind;say sth.without proper consideration;talk nonsense;,信口开河,老战士 老领导 老师傅 老闰女老黄牛(比喻勤勤恳恳做事而又不计名利的人)老芹菜老皇历老生常谈老捣乱,a veteran a senior leader a master craftsman the youngest daughter a willing ox(diligent and conscientious person)overgrow

11、n celery last year calendar commonplacealways make trouble,炉子着得很旺。她着凉了。上不着天，下不着地。你猜着了。老李躺下就着了。他有点着慌了。他走错了一着。,The fire is burning briskly in the stoves.She has caught cold.Be suspended in mid air.Youve guessed right.Lao Li fell asleep as soon as he lay down.He got alarmed.He has made a false move.(or

12、:take a wrong step),老王说，他没着了。屋顶上全都覆盖着积雪。这些孩子穿着整齐。再着一把力。这些措施都着眼于进一步解放生产力。,Lao Wang said he was at the end of his tether.The roofs are all covered with snow.These children are all neatly dressed.Make one more effort.All this measures are aimed at further emancipating the productive forces.,“情况”：这个词的意义

13、与英语里的circumstances,condition,situation 等词语相近。但是在实际中应该如何理解与翻译，我们必须根据上下文来决定。（1）在这种情况下under such circumstances/such being the case,(2)这种情况必须改变This state of affairs must change.(3)现在情况不同了。Now things are different.(4)情况怎么样？How do matters stand?,(5)我们应当根据具体情况做出决定。We should make decisions in accordance wit

14、h specific conditions.(6)他问起了她的健康情况。He inquired after her health.(7)前线有什么情况？How is the situation at the front?,“事”这个词，在通常情况下的对应词是thing，但是在不同的上下文中它的意义也会发生改变。在翻译时也应该根据上下文正确理解然后加以选择。把坏事变成好事turn a bad thing into a good one,惹事 make trouble从事 be engaged in英雄事迹 heroic deeds平安无事 All is well.,公事 public affai

15、rs出事 have an accident还有些未完成的事要处理。There is still some unfinished business to settle.,我们就这事请教过他。We have consulted him about the matter.有事大家做。We should all share the work.请回去吧，这没你的事了。Please go back,there is nothing of your concern now.,水平 1）他的英语水平比我的高。He knows more English than I.2）要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新

16、的水平。We must work hard to _the military and political quality of our army.3）各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。Cadres at all levels should improve their_.这里的“领导水平”，实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership.,raise to a new height,art of leadership,通过以上的例子我们可以看出，汉语词语在不同的上下文中，其意义也是不一样的。因此，在汉译英时首先我们遇到的问题就是正确理解词义。只有在正确理解词义后，我们才能选择正确的词语加以翻译。,