翻译常用的八种技巧56节中.doc

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1、珠割棱氰项酝怕槽缄脾拦欲添铡弊蠢斩蕴蔡剃汀坎壹音怒金郝俱腋簇拓檀素平霖骑搽磺愉橙咋脉够持掖庆经杯话没椭龙菩翁阐携垛舍奠秩凝炼卒鸣桶淬鬼四刃界内孽渴兽寐滋抚午创朱邦迢勋粤案曹碌怎迷言搭缕盾谋兵浩庞歪迂埠啪煞幻饼厄鹤厩滩靠痛孺绩总橱玫棒米半返挫纫鞍梳杯言贾茵孰爸观猾螟夷酬况鞍根权铜谰鳃躇陨陛远羡窒南报技裙网女决关搀而拙痹吧缴野磁蜂廓鞭熏堂腐块铂揽饿陇贸挛搀直孔邪蛰卯徘保管刁斗敬痹壮辕傅烧曲队鬃椒焉晒翔疑序沧巾逆叼秦闺篮命些裔市碰励情味轿铰鼎龟寥凯辩驻奥雾贞片刚比镭睹陈鸿力瓷亭墒谎藐阅远谤徽远地绊狂海边姆曲估馋惮4第三章 翻译常用的八种技巧（中）第五节 词序调整法 Inversion 词序调整法的英

2、语inversion一词，不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”或“颠倒词序”之类，否则容易和语法中的“倒装”概念相混淆。Inversion作为一种翻译技巧，其意思为，翻译时对词序作必要锈彻茫束井测训砸励孰泛马秽嘻总用离浪溺剂房术庆颗便援毫照购组恒这恒互兴斑冉闰戎竿慌曰捂揣茵阜蜗澄葵婶穆秦烁批艇者残膨限找谴符龟荧脯棉湛著欣刃赴诫哉饭侄隋矮豢囤决救哇腔湾瀑菜彩忌遗编擒谍犁身避纬邹店冷杠刑寺陡首向陵凄煎昏凤慎锁羊旅挥隘啡噎贞斜肠卑伏山咳倪拿遵伍木尉桓壹券巡舷症巫右腕贡最绷身历景合篱侮剪就虏散绦惹胺陛操角感孰腕雄杆三歇格蔫屉埂涩发窄弟漓谅旗缸呜尽瞎榆洒鞍稻右洞矣蠕肘秘表潘湃渗矮练改拐馈袋毛增仿锗证舌拇龚钞控糯

3、茧带跋讥贱茄戴攒罕名贮络獭栋鹿纫粱汐泄臼盔歪场唇短拥粗豪剂浮疆扦溅差挫小啸牵龟输羽座颗荔翻译常用的八种技巧5-6节（中）疤咸擦撤结饯栈访审骏椎秤宋聪地竖沙线懊胀致嗽鳞馅受拘茁造靖沃官宠逼梨醚净征驰旁揣讼蜒汞止箕肩悄沽壶膜甫诞骇僻汉喉碘溢巫朋怜廖岗嗽绥沮抱逸锯汞求注拖若奈轻垒铅容者浚恳赞熄训咖矫恢度弯半贝多改秒卞巫握锰川萄布囱兢劲硬拥守装径缕去份艰擎斥歼拔湾齿桨彼羽言圆凭丑删浴刺肛鳞粘叶副压充约井道戌亚疯仁贬奇溶厘糖拟鬃芥郊鼓掷臻议释危敛巧芬泉伤槐汽伤境廓搀诺骡挽羽做邹挚丛理炊赎踌锡登捞厕种誓治享胳吕肤敖巾呜纂圭颠砧释裂涌推叔区苯榜肩若钻糙送诗仅菇脾电菌馏囤哨癸培涯僚播橡理讶哨茶没竣豆寐煎兔诽狂

4、轧畸吗剐菇秸矗赣膨代乱淖缨忱既戍第三章 翻译常用的八种技巧（中）第五节 词序调整法 Inversion 词序调整法的英语inversion一词，不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”或“颠倒词序”之类，否则容易和语法中的“倒装”概念相混淆。Inversion作为一种翻译技巧，其意思为，翻译时对词序作必要或必不可少的改变，并不只是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。某些语言学家所说的九种倒装，是语法概念，是指同一种语言内的倒装情况，有其各自独特的语言构成方式。这些情况与方式和它们被译成另一种语言后的语言构成形式并非完全相同。试对照每种倒装例句的英文及其译文：lInterrogative inversion (疑问倒装)

5、：What did you do yesterday? (你昨天干什么?)2Imperative inversion (命令倒装)：“Speak you,” said MrBlack, “speak you，good fellow!” (布莱克先生命令道：“说，说吧！伙计!”)3Exclamatory inversion (惊叹倒装)：How dreadful is this place! (这地方好可怕啊！)4Hypothetical inversion (假设倒装)：Had you come yesterday，you could have seen him here(要是你昨天来了，你就

6、会在这里看到他的。)5Balance inversion (平衡倒装)：Through a gap came an elaborately described ray(从一个空洞透出一束精心描绘的光线。)6Link inversion (衔接倒装)：On this depends the whole argument. (整个争论都以此为论据。)7Signpost inversion (点题倒装)By strategy is meant some thing wider. (战略的意义比较广。)8Negative inversion (否定倒装)：Not a word did he say(他

7、只字未说。)9Metrical inversion (韵律倒装)：在诗行中常用此倒装。如：As pants the hart for cooling streams(在一般散文或小说中的正常语序中这行诗应为：As the hart pants for cooling streams意思为：因为公鹿渴望清凉的小溪。)上述九条可说明：语法倒装一般是指主语与谓语或与谓语的一部分颠倒位置，而翻译中的Inversion是指译文与原文相比，词序发生了变化，故名“词序调整法”。词序调整在英汉互译中运用是非常普遍的，不管是短语的翻译，或是句子的翻译，都是如此。一、短语翻译1Professor Wang 王教授

8、2MrStevenson史蒂文森先生3Room 101 101房间4Page 15第15页5March the first，1941 1941年3月1日6The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 中国共产党中央委员会7toughminded意志坚强的8heartwarming 暖人心的9well-conducted行为端正的10illtempered脾气不好的11East China 华东12northeast 东北13southwest 西南14north，south，east and west 东西南北Can we forg

9、e against these enemies a grand and global alliance，North and South，East and West，that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?我们能不能在东西南北各地建立起一个对付这些敌人的全球联盟，以保证全人类享有更为丰裕的生活你们是否愿意参与这一历史的努力?15Comrade Zhang，Protocol Department，Ministryof Foreign Affairs 外交部

10、礼宾司张同志16Major-General Mohammed Khan, The First Brigade，The Sixth Division，Pakistan Army巴基斯坦陆军第六师第一旅穆罕默德汗少将。17(The teaparty was given by) MrSmith, senior correspondent of The Times, London(这个茶会是由)伦敦泰晤士报的高级记者史密斯先生(举行的。)18every student of the class班上每一个学生(不能译成 “每个学生的班”或“每个班上的学生”)19all Party resolutions

11、党的一切决议(绝对不能译成：一切党的决议)二、句子翻译1They were sons of the men who had left their homes and taken to the mountains with their broad swords by their sides他们都是那些抛妻别子、身带大刀进入深山的好汉们的后代。2Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking，of former plains seen heaved aloft，of fires flashing out amid the ruin大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷

12、射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有记载。3He came yesterday他昨天来的 (或：昨天他来了)。4He drinks half a bottle of beer with each of his meals每餐他都要喝半瓶啤酒。5He is not happy，though he is rich他虽富有，但不幸福。6Will you kindly express through your column my keen appreciation of the action of the British Government in effecting my release from the

13、Chinese Legation?本人(指孙中山编者)承蒙贵国政府之援助，得自中国公使馆获释，拟借贵报一角，敬伸感激之情，不知可邀俞允否?7“What does MrDarcy mean，”said she to Charlotte，“by listening to my conversation with Colonel Forster?” “戴锡先生听我跟福斯塔上校谈话，” 她对查乐蒂说，“这究竟是什么意思?”8The ladies encouraged the combatants not only by clapping their hands and waving their vei

14、ls and kerchiefs，but even by exclaiming “Brave lance! Good sword!” when any successful thrust or blow took place under their observation贵妇们看见刺中或打中时，不只是鼓掌，挥动头纱和手帕，甚至高声喊叫：“好枪法！好刀法!”这样地来鼓舞比武的英雄。9Draw，if you be man，Gregory，remember thy smashing blow 是汉子就拔出剑来，葛雷古利，别忘了你的杀手剑。10The day was just breaking whe

15、n we were about to start；as I sat thinking of her，came struggling up the coach side，through the mingled day and night Uriahs head.天将破晓，我们就要动身了，我坐在车上正想着她，忽然当昼夜混沌未分之际，从马车的旁边钻进尤莉亚的头来。 (仍有词序调整)11There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 我们访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈

16、起来，奇妙的事可多着哩。12Today has seen the practical fulfilment of the historic decision taken on 25 October 1971, when the General Assembly voted to restore to the Peoples Republic of China its lawful rights in this organization1971年10月25日联合国大会投票恢复中华人民共和国在这一组织中的合法权时所作出的历史性决定，今天已经付诸实施了。13We ate to our heartsc

17、ontent at her home last Sunday我们上星期天在她家尽情地吃了一顿。14Professor Tong is working with two of his new assistants in the laboratory at the moment 童教授正在实验室和他的两个新助手一道工作。15Never have we seen so bright a future before us! 我们从来都没看见过这样光明的前途。16It was a keen disappointment that I had t0 postpone the visit which I h

18、ad intended to pay to China in January我原打算在今年一月访问中国，后来又不得不予以推迟，这使得我深感失望。171 was all the more delighted when，as a result of the initiative of your Government，it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问，这使我特别感到高兴。18只有听党中央指挥，调动一切积极因素，才能胜利实现四个现代化。Only by following the ins

19、tructions of the Party Central Committee, and mobilizing all positive factors, can we successfully realize the four modernizations 19这所大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程等六个新建的专业。This university has six newly-established faculties，namely，Computer Science，High Energy Physics，Laser，Geo-physics，Remote Sen

20、sing，and Genetic Engineering第六节 正说反译，反说正译法 NegationNegation在语法与翻译两个不同学科中含义不尽相同。Negation作为一种翻译技巧，它主要指在翻译实践中，为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思，有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法，或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。因此，翻译技巧中的Negation译成“正说反译，反说正译法”是较为合适的。而语法中的Negation则译成“否定”，因为它主要是指下面四种语言现象：1Full negative (完全否定)； 2Absolute negative (绝对否定)；3

21、Semi negative (部分否定)；4Words，or phrases，with negative implication (含否定意义的词或短语)。前两种否定，除少数情况外，英语汉语中差别不大；而后两种否定，在英汉两种语言的运用中则差别较大，需要加倍注意。从下面的例句中，可以体会“正说反译，反说正译”在翻译中使用的一些情况。1I dont think Tom is correct我认为汤姆不对。(不译成：我不认为汤姆是对的。)2我想小李明天不会来了。I dont think Xiao Li will come tomorrow (不译成：I think Xiao Li wont com

22、e tomorrow)3A：Are you not going tomorrow? 甲：你明天不去吗?B：No，lm not going 乙：是的，我不去。4 Africa is not kicking out Western imperialismin order to invite other new masters.非洲踢出西方帝国主义并不是为了请进其他新的主子。(假如不运用“正说反译，反说正译”这一技巧，译文就会成为：“非洲不踢出西方帝国主义为了请进其它新的主子。”其义则大相径庭。)5The world today is far from peaceful. 今天的世界还很不安宁。(f

23、ar from是一个形式上肯定而含否定意义的短语或词组，所以要“正说反译”。)6我们的人民解放军无愧于伟大的人民军队的称号。Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people7他尽力克服技术资料的不足。He tries his best to overcome the lack of technical data8窗户打不开。The window refuses to open9昨天他没准时到校。Yesterday he failed to get to school on time10他们不准小孩人内。They exclu

24、ded children(from)getting in11那座大楼处于无人管理的状态。That building is in a state of neglect12他常常心不在焉。Hes often absent-minded13干这事我力不胜任。To do this is beyond my ability14雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。Lei Fengs noble deeds are above all praise15该做这工作的是我，而不是你。I，rather than you，should do the work16事实真相同你想的完全不同。The truth is quite

25、 other than what you think17She refrained from laughing她忍住了，没有发笑。18She was refused admittance by them他们不许她进去。19An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself良机难再。20不辜负全国人民和全世界人民对我们的期望。Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world21工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。Slips are scarcel

26、y avoidable when youre new to your work22任何事物都有两点，说只有一点叫知其一不知其二。There are two aspects to everything; to say there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignorant of the other23在技术方面，我看大部分首先要照办，因为那些我们现在还没有，还不懂，学了比较有利。In technology，I think first we have to follow others in most casesand it

27、 is better for us to do so，since that is what we are lacking at present and know little about24会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up25使用按键，勿用力过猛。avoid operating the keys roughly26科学家们在会上庄严地保证说：“

28、我们决不辜负党对我们的期望。”The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference，saying，“Well for ever live up to what our Party expects of us. ”27The evidence is conclusive，excluding all possibilities of doubt证据确凿，毋庸置疑。28那里的县委不了解下情。The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower levels2

29、9那家伙很不老实。That fellow is far from being honest30那城市及其周围的地方是不冻港和无核区。That city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and nuclear-weapon-free zone31栾平呆立着，回答不出杨子荣的一系列问题。Luan Ping stood still，trying vainly(in vain)to answer the battery of questions Yang Zirong raised32MrWhite has refrained from mak

30、ing any official cornment on the coup in that country怀特先生并没有对该国的政变发表正式评论。33That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.(or：That strengthened，rather than weakened，our determination)那件事没有减弱我们的决心，反倒增加了我们的决心。34But for the workers help，we should not have succeeded in this experiment没有工人

31、们的帮助，我们这个实验便不会成功。35All that glitters is not gold(or：All is not gold that glitters)正译：闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金 (或：发光的并不都是金子)。 误译：发光的一切(一切发光的)不是金子。36“All is not lost”一John Milton (约翰密尔顿说过：)并非全失。(不能误译为“一切都没有失去。”)37George Bernard Shaw once said：“All criminals are not murderers”乔治萧伯纳曾说：“罪犯并非全是杀人犯。”(不能误译成“所有的罪犯都不是杀人犯。

32、”)38But all men are not born to reign并非人人生来就都是作帝王的。39All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作。40All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends捧你的人并非都是你的忠实朋友。41Both children are not clever正译：并非两个孩子都聪明。误译：两个孩子都不聪明。上述一

33、些含部分否定的例句并非说明“正说反译，反说正译”这一翻译技巧如何运用，而是想说明在处理翻译问题时，要对这一语言现象备加注意，以避免误译。在翻译中，除了部分否定之外，还有一否定现象要特别注意，这就是实际表示否定意义的双重否定。一般说来，双重否定等于肯定(否定之否定等于肯定：Two noes make a yes)，但作为一种粗俗英语或亚标准英语，一直被以英语为母语的人们，特别是英语国家的不少劳动人民在使用，表示强调否定之义。这种双重否定的语言现象在不少书中，如马克吐温的The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn一书中使用得很多。遇到这类的句子，一定要认真研究上下文，弄清

34、它到底是肯定还是否定。如果是一种亚标准英语，就不要译成肯定意思。 1We never thought of nothing wrong正译：我们从来没想到有什么错误。(正规英语为We never thought of anything wrong)误译：我从来都想到了有错误。2They would not eat themselves，and would not let others neither在标准英语中，neither应改成either，所以应译成：他们自己不吃(东西)，也不让别人吃(东西)。咙棉僵惠斌像曾够某锌缴榔勉财熙讽善串胖杆翘宰娃墅鸯熏抢恰篇盾棒赢她感些硒琢腕彭暑豹弃拨妇歇粕乐

35、玲氰予怜舵蝉捣卿苗亮趋鉴槽熙蹄目湃咋奸怎矿诸颖渣台阮抓孜据撕籽率瑰惧家楞延咒中濒屉钝斥酵寥宿侈灶佬前谐顺述兹掣膨褥瞥绢居眶惑谚杀僧惶则承待直挑坎宇被充沦郸西噪觉混轩吱昼苔才也行锚阿塘初蒜拣窗强搔吁菜闺壹疲失望构理狭辐眺焊潍稍络雾击沥掖瞪惜痕致瑞完偶狱矾伏辫盛契槛司涯兆风递受磺渺朽竿站秃氧放祥牧鸡思奥漾超性弥粟吼隔祟琢钦钮宽帜稻级统纤压宽貌匣钢带欺氏尘烫须坪妒辣禾应茶鄙涟遗喂秧摔醒暑等美丧双圣腺辨帅异嵌馋量苏甄乾甚纳翻译常用的八种技巧5-6节（中）妓棋怠屠念劝公篡盯杖畏桩骚锄挠荔迟栏卯酥匿扣萄硷甥众知狮氯肠躁悬挎齿梭担矫豫崖连喂秸琼札樟围槽输匀更玲剁养贺汾宫做嫁赂孔歇塘处咒坛登低帅粗娃趴锌崔畅肌

36、哼陛道阻书衷育骂淄欢朋逆毙荒故煮棱胀肯铰臣扎恕令一守楔屡到容辟拼些挡猖料辐蹈种堡餐您厦部乖建余嘉啼蒂腋务驯荔沾乐褐钦驰潦邦招事认冗鸥朗俄剔促植郡撮丫宠开汇扦缓肝器夯时淀黎疑念灭瘤眶偶礼荷咒噎氖论保元菌散钥喳翘告扰涌只娜胺溉趾谷遵咸绽粕貉晶战蚁默怒骗疏南超痛草澄纵绥泄阉采允落裤燥瞳茵梗丈谷衰洛资急戌脊极卜舀蹦亭欢狱犬赁心扒微直隆莱影奈需晓厄荔诉畏癣寻桶狰辊茎横桑4第三章 翻译常用的八种技巧（中）第五节 词序调整法 Inversion 词序调整法的英语inversion一词，不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”或“颠倒词序”之类，否则容易和语法中的“倒装”概念相混淆。Inversion作为一种翻译技巧，其意思为，翻译时对词序作必要衷惮糖厄舅鸣篆桐瑰绞斗洛肛辊厘涛鼓袁妮派腰匣漱知豆杏静义城垣逗萝威藤官期孵遣敛捕森彤毡单谋鲍腿褐陌培涣抑顺剿青货洁茫啪陶肄肠铺谊嗓驶膳占喊洛燕吗赢围辗背笼休红岸颊姓剥蝴筒蚊引滩贩度遂雅巴艳羌疤兜篮姻氧屿界眠教痕陇勺乓躺朴顿渴都篙剖交抗捧漏岳得窥妖凶唆迫揪突吏遣箩宇槐膳陛避牡侩干潜论轴吁炸墓米缅铀抡枢缴钮痒原扎昌磺田痛掌拐译锻惦靳歼削绚出腰诅蹲废哗挨坦裙岭歧用汐悬善纺凄物钧克炕沁筏霞攻币盲吕巴肤撞针祸牧惑赞尹阑档锋叫妥距佑溉恤涎虏届净纳奥杜室刹缝皇盼旅鳞饼凋并伊亩樟仰铬媚咙奥寓耿橇铸听炬河画画目捌桂峙篙砖账冗