大学英语四级翻译.doc

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1、大学英语四级翻译一、 题型介绍翻译题所占的分值是5%, 答题时间五分钟， 有五个句子组成，每句话都由一部分汉语及一部分英语组成，翻译汉语部分，与所给英语部分构成一个完整的句子。二、 翻译注意事项1、汉语意合，英语形合，英语对形式的要求很严格2、看全整句，分清句子层次及结构，切忌孤立地翻译汉语部分3、抓住谓语，时刻牢记谓语要由动词（及物动词、不及物动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词）的适当组合形式构成，确定时态语态4、注意主谓一致名词单复数问题5、书写规范如句首单词专有名词首字母大写三、 题型揭秘1、语法结构（虚拟8次，倒装，从句，非谓语动词）2、固定搭配3、词汇考察（核心动词和动词短语考查、名词，

2、形容词，副词等）四、 解题技巧1、 了解题中采分点，考点做到有的放矢2、 强化重点语法知识3、 深度分析已考试题，挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。4、 遇到不会的表达要进行同义反义词及词组转换1.because (conj.) because of +名词或代词e.g. He had to retire because of ill health.due to/ owing to/ thanks to/ because of due to/owing to略显正式，并经常用于正式的通告或公开的声明e.g. All flights have been delayed due to/owing to

3、thick fog.be due to sth ( due to can be used after be, but owing to cannot be used in such way)e.g. The accident was largely due to human errorbecause of (usu used in spoken English)thanks to is not formal and is used especially to explain why or how sth good has happenede.g. 07.12 87. Thanks to a s

4、eries of new inventions，doctors can treat this disease successfully.2.have difficulty (in) doing sth /have trouble doing sth e.g. I never have any trouble getting to sleep.be in difficulty/trouble 有困难有麻烦The business is in financial difficulty.get/run into difficulty/trouble 陷入困境The company ran into

5、trouble when it tried to expand too quickly.3.倒装结构（肯）so+be动词、助动词、情态动词+主语表示某人或某物的情况也是如此Mary likes to play the piano. So does Jane.He has lost the address. So have I.(否) neither/nor+be动词、助动词、情态动词+主语表示某人或某物的情况也不这样I have never been to Beijing. Neither/ nor has my brother.I have no excuse for being late.

6、 Nor does he.若前句中既出现了be动词又出现了行为动词或者其它不同形式通常用 So it is with Its the same withMary like playing the piano, but she cant play it well. So it is with her brother. It is the same with her brother. so+主语+ be动词、助动词、情态动词 某人、物确实如此Mary went to the park yesterdaySo she did. 她确实去了。倒装句全部倒装、部分倒装 1)全部倒装此结构一般只用于一般现

7、在时与一般过去时here/there/now/ then/thus 等副词置于句首，谓语动词常是 be/come/go/lie/runThere goes the bell. 铃响了Here comes the bus.公车来了Here is your letter.给你的信上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，若是代词，则不倒装。There you are. 给你或就是这样Here he comes.当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也会引起全部倒装。In this chapter will be found an answer.Along the river banks stood st

8、acks of hay. 沿着河岸是一座座的草垛。 2) 部分倒装将一部分谓语如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。若没有助动词或情态动词，则需要添加助词do/ does/ did等 句首为否定或半否定的词语如 no/ not/ never/ seldom/ little/hardly/ at no time/ in no way/ not until等Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to the question.Not until the child fell asleep did th

9、e mother leave the room.当not until引出主从复合句时，主语倒装，从句不倒装。The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep。not onlybut alsoHardly/scarcelywhen一就刚就No soonerthan 一就刚就Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

10、No sooner she gone out when a student came to visit her.只有当not onlybut also引导两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not onlybut also仅连接两个并列词，不用倒装Not only you but also I am fond of music.句首状语若由only+副词、介词词组、状语分句构成也可引起部分倒装Only yesterday did he find out that his watch is missing. Only in this way you learn English w

11、ell.Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装省略了if 的虚拟条件从句（可以had、were、should 开头）Were I you, I would try it again.在 so that开头的句子结构中，so+形容词是主语补语的前置，so+副词是状语的前置，前者引起全部倒装，后者引起局不倒装So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.So much does he worry about his financial posi

12、tion that he cant sleep at night.as/though 引导的让步状语中，句中的表语，状语或动词原形提到主语前来Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.Young as he is, she can speak 5 different languages.4. look forward to 10.6-89 08.8-89 介词to sth/doing sthobject to/ get down to / stick to /contribute to/be a

13、ccustomed to/ be used to/be opposed to5虚拟语气表示假设，不太可能实现的情况，与事实相反。 if 引导的虚拟条件句 主句 从句过去 would /should/could/might have done had done/been 现在 would /should/could/might do did/were 将来 would /should/could/might do did/were /were to do/should doIf I had known her number, I would have called her.If I were y

14、ou, I would go to see the doctor.If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.if 引导的真实条件句，发生的肯能性极大（主将从现）If I have time, I will help you with the work. Wish后使用虚拟 主+wish+(that)+ 从句 过去 had done/been 现在 did/were 将来 would/could doI wish she had been here yesterday.I wish I were as youn

15、g as you.Anna wishes she would have a new dress. insist order demand suggest advise recommend require request demand desire等后的宾语从句动词通常用（should）+vI suggest that we (should) discuss the problem next time.Her mother insisted that she (should) stay at home.她母亲坚持要她呆在家里。suggest insist 不表示建议，要求时，从句不用虚拟Her

16、expression suggested that she was angry.I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持说他错了。 suggestion order proposal decision recommendation等后面的表语从句和同位语从句The order were that we stay where we were.He made the suggestion that they (should) carry on their conversation in English. necessary important imperative sug

17、gested proposed ordered等后的主语从句It is +adj+ that+ (should)+v.It is necessary that you (should) go there in person.It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. as if/though+主+过去 had done/been 现在 did/were 将来 could doHe works very hard as if he never felt tired.She talked as if she had taken

18、part in that battle.在feel/look/seem/sound等词之后, as if/though引导的从句有时也常用陈述语气。这时表示所谈之事肯能行很大。It looks as if/though it is going to rain. if only主+过去 had done/been 现在 did/were 将来 would/could do If only I hadnt missed the chance.If only I were ten years younger.lest 唯恐以免/for fear唯恐以免/ in case以防万一 +主+vTake y

19、our umbrella in case it rains/should rain.It is time +主+过去式It is time he made a decision.用介词短语代替条件状语从句without、but for（要不是）Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things.But for your help ( If it had not been your help) I could not have done it.6.despite/ despite of+名词或名词短语 She w

20、ent to Japan despite the fact that the doctor had told her to rest.7. on ones ownalone单独的，独自的I have been living in my own for four years now.without anyones help 无援助的，独立的I made this wardrobe all on my own. 这个衣橱是我自己做的。8.give up/abandonabandon 历年真题：2010年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案87._(为了确保他参加会议),I called him up in

21、 advance.解析:In order to ensure him to attend the meetingTo ensure his attendance at the meeting【结构分析】本题句子的主干 “I called him up in advance”已经给出,无需翻译,需要翻译部分为“为了确保他能参加会议”。该部分在句子中作目的状语【考点解释】本题考查是目的状语。目的状语可以由to/in order to来引导。确保 ensure sb to do 确保某人做某事,ensure sth 确保某事【原句精释】为了确保他参加会议,我已经提前给他电话了。88.The sign

22、ificant museum_(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.解析:is said to have been built【结构分析】本题句子的主语为the significant museum,缺谓语,即(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago为时间状语。【考点解释】本题重点考查:被动语态。主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系; 且bulid这一动作发生在过去。据说 be said to;be said to+ 动词不定式的完成时,表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。【原句精释】据说这座意义深远的博物馆大约建成于一百年前。89.Th

23、ere would be no life on earth _ (没有地球独特的环境)。解析: without its unique environmentbut for its unique environment【结构分析】本题句子含有There be结构。主干完整,there主语,would be 谓语,no life 表语,on earth 地点状语【考点解释】本题重点考查:without的用法 without 是介词,后接名词;同时,表示“没有”,除without外,还可用but for;单词拼写 unique adj.独特;environment n.环境 当名词重复出现时,可适当

24、使用代词,避免重复。【原句精释】没有地球独特的环境,地球上就不会有生命。90._(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.解析:What impressed the tourists most【结构分析】本题句子为主系表结构,主语即考查部分,was 系动词,剩余部分为表语。【考点解释】本题重点考查what引导的主语从句;what可引导句子充当主语;impress用法 给留下印象 impress sb;最高级的用法most;结合考点,可推出“给印象最深”为impress sb most【原句精释】当地人的友善与热情

25、给游客们留下了最深的印象。91.They requested that _ (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.解析:books I borrowed (should) be returned to the libraryI (should) return the book I borrowed to the library【结构分析】本题句子的主干部分分别是they 主语,request 谓语,后接that引导的宾语从句。【考点解释】request的用法。request v. 要求;当request表示“要求”时,引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气,即(should)+ 动词原形

26、。定语从句。“我借的书”, the book (that) I borrowed;单词的拼写。归还 return,借 borrow,图书馆 library 本题就此题提供了两个版本的答案,但在表示“规定,规则”时,被动语态更为常用。【原句精释】他们要求我在下周五之前把借的书还回图书馆。2010年6月英语四级真题答案：翻译与解析87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty _(集中注意力在实验上)。88. The manager never laughed; neither _(她也从来没有发过脾气)89. We loo

27、k forward to _(被邀请出席开幕式)90. It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁)。91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite _(她父母的强烈反对)。答案及点评：87 Because of the noise outside, Nancyhad great difficulty in focusing on the experiment. (集中注意力在实验上)点评：have difficulty in doing sth。

28、(in可以省略)这个搭配在2006年四级改革时的样卷中已经出过，当时是翻译“在找去博物馆的路方面有困难”。这次是重复出现，考前徐可风在文都的课堂上提到必需把历次真题及样卷的翻译看一看，写一写，就是因为徐可风已经意识到翻译题考点的高度重复性。88 The manager never laughed; neither had she lost her temper. (她也从来没有发过脾气)点评：考点是 部分倒装。部分倒装徐可风在文都的课堂上强调了两种情况，一种是否定词前置的(正如本题)；另一种是only前置的。凡是在文都徐可风课堂上认真听课的考生，这道题如探囊取物。89 We look forw

29、ard to being invited to attend the opening ceremony (被邀请出席开幕式)点评：考点是被动语态的变化形式，look forward to的to是介词，所以后面用-ing结构。关于被动的翻译方法，请参考文都徐可风的相关课堂笔记。90 It is suggested that the air conditioner (should) be installed by the window。(要安装在窗户旁)点评：考点是虚拟语气。Suggest等动词作主句谓语时，宾语从句往往用虚拟语气的表达，在表达过程中should可以省略。关于虚拟语气的翻译方法，请

30、参考文都徐可风的相关课堂笔记。91 The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite her parents strong objection。(她父母的强烈反对)点评：考点是重要介词。关于重要介词的翻译方法，请参考文都徐可风的相关课堂笔记。综述：这次考试的翻译总体难度不大。上述是参考译文，不是唯一的正确答案。练习翻译是个很好的打基础的方法，它不仅让我们记住了单词的写法，同时更重要的是让我们掌握了单词的用法。在后面考六级或考研的文都学员，一定要充分记住徐可风的这个观点“翻译是最好的打基础方式”。09年6月四级翻译真

31、题答案及点评整体而言，本次的翻译难度中等，主要侧重各种固定短语和搭配的考查，体现语言的实用性。另外涉及的语法考点如动名词、虚拟语气都是课堂的重点，没有偏怪，因此同学们应该都很熟悉。87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had(很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates【答案解析】本句中重点考查的语法点是动名词在固定结构里的用法，即have difficulty (in) doing。另外还

32、考察了catch up with sb. ，表示“赶上，跟上某人(由指功课、进度)这一词组。在组句的时候注意，“班上的同学”要么说成his classmates，要么译成other students in his class，此处的other不可少。【全句译文】转到新学校没多久，阿里就发现在数学和英语这两门功课上很难跟上班里的同学。88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary(就不会被大雨淋了).would not have been caught in the heavy rain【答案解析】本句考查的是一个典型的过去时态的虚拟。从句使用的是过去

33、完成时had returned，因此主句也必须是情态助动词加上完成时。另外“被雨淋到”要使用be caught in the rain这一说法，不宜直译。【全句译文】如果玛丽早回来一个小时，她就不会被打雨淋了。89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are(更有可能增加体重).more likely to gain /put on weight【答案解析】本句考查的是可能性的表达，因为从句中的主语是人those who .，所以联想到be likely to do结构。此处还考察了比较级和“增加体重”这一短语

34、表达。【全句译文】据说那些经常在压力下工作或时常加班的人更有可能增加体重。90.(很多人所没意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.what is not realized by many people/ what many people have not realized【答案解析】本句考查的是特殊疑问词what引导的名词性从句作主语。【全句译文】很多人所没意识到西蒙是个体育爱好者，特别喜欢足球。91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the

35、 human body is(与缺乏锻炼密切相关).closely related to the lack of exercise【答案解析】本句考查的是closely related to，表示“与.密切相关”和lack of，表示“缺乏.”的固定搭配。【全句译文】研究表明人体机能的退化与缺乏锻炼密切相关。09年6月大学英语四级翻译答案及解析 87. difficulties in catching up with his classmates88. wouldnt have been caught in rain。89. more likely to gain weight90. What

36、 most people havent realized91. closely related to the lack of exercise。词组重头戏，虚拟加被动整体而言，本次考试的翻译难度中等，与往年基本持平，主要侧重对词组的考察，以及固定句式和虚拟语气的正确使用。考察点侧重考生的语言基本功。这些点都是我们在课堂上反复跟大家强调过的，只要考前认真复习讲义上所涉及的重点语法，相信大部分考生都可以在考场上做到游刃有余。87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had_(很难跟上班里的同学)in mat

37、h and English。解析：做四六级翻译题的实质是补全句子，所以已给英文题干和中文部分都要仔细分析。首先时间状语，“他转学到新的学校不久”，transfer这个单词曾经在06年6月份四级改革后的第一套新题型的第二篇长对话中考察过。主句部分已给动词had，所以翻译部分要套用与had搭配的词组，即had difficulties in doing sth.。另外，考察词组“跟上”，即catch up with sb。参考答案：difficulties in catching up with his classmates88. If she had returned an hour earli

38、er, Mary_(就不会被大雨淋了)。解析：本题考察虚拟语气，if条件句所用时态为过去完成时，可见是对过去已经发生的事情的假设，即“如果她早一个小时返回”，所考察的主句对应表达方式为would have done。词组“被大雨淋”，考察被动语态，be caught in rain。参考答案：wouldnt have been caught in rain。89. It is said that those who are stressed or over overtime are_(更有可能增加体重)。解析：本题考察的词组“更有可能”在今年真题中已考察过两次，2006年12月翻译90题，“出

39、门在外时可能会感到孤单(are likely to feel lonely when away from home)”，以及2007年12月翻译88题，“我比以前更容易累了(Im more likely to get tired than before)”。我们在昂立的课堂上反复强调be (more) likely to do sth。这个词组，认真听课的考生不在话下，应该感到非常开心。另外考察词组“增加体重”，即gain weight。参考答案：more likely to gain weight90. _(很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of spo

40、rts, and football in particular。解析：本题中文部分对应该句缺乏的主语，考察主语从句；另外关于时态方面的选择，系动词和表语从句都使用了现在时(is)，根据时态保持一致原则，译文部分我们使用现在完成时，表达从过去持续到现在的一种状态。参考答案：What most people havent realized91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _(与缺乏锻炼密切相关)。解析：本题考察词组“与相关”，即be related to sth.，以及“缺乏”，即“lack of

41、sth。”；还有副词“密切”， 即closely。参考答案：closely related to the lack of exercise2009年12月英语四级考试翻译点评87. You would not have failed if_(按照我的指令去做)【参考答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders 。【权威解析】本题较为容易，属于识记型题目。考点有三个：第一是按照所给出的汉语提示，由于主句和从句的主语是一致的，因此在做答案的时候应该在从句中补全主语you，很多学生出现遗漏，就按照汉语意思直译了，造成

42、不必要的失分；第二是固定搭配“按照。的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以；第三个考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查；根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构；综上，很容易得出答案you had followed my instructions 。88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _(放弃对知识的追求)【参考答案】abandoned the pursuit of knowledge。

43、【权威解析】本题的考点主要有两个：首先根据句子的已知部分判断，需要填写的部分应该采用过去时，这一点大家一定要注意；其次，考查固定搭配，1）“放弃做某事”abandon sth；“知识的追求的表达是the pursuit of knowledge ”，综上，得出正确答案。在句子的已知部分，encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意思为“遇到困难”。89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before_(我们找到治愈癌症的方法)【参考答案】we find the cure for cancer。【权威解析】首先根

44、据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时；其次，要注意汉语提示部分是“治愈”而不是“治疗”，因此要用cure 而不能用treat，这就提醒我们学习单词的时候一定要注意细节，否则用错了，分数就丢掉了；所以，本题的正确答案是we find the cure for cancer 90. Production has to be increased considerably to _ . (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步)【参考答案】keep pace with the constantly growing needs of consumers。【权威解析】本题的核心考点主要有两个：第一，

45、固定搭配“与。保持同步”，可以表达为keep pace with .或者是keep up with ；其次，固定表达“不断增长的”，可以表达为growing 或者rising 或者increasing ，选其一就可以；综上，正确答案是keep pace with the constantly growing needs of consumers 。91. The more exercise you take, _ 。(你越不大可能感冒)【参考答案】The less likely you are to catch a cold。【权威解析】本题的考点主要有两个：第一是考查 the more , the less的用法，在2006年的考试中考查过the more , the more的结构，简直是如出一辙，因此必须重视历年真题的考点，重复考的概率非常大。第二是考查固定搭配：可能做某事