学位英语听力学习方法.ppt
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1、提高语音辨别能力可进行以下训练:,1.听辨音素,听音从近似的两个(或多个)因素中选择正确的一个,要让自己做到一听到音素,就能写出音标或可能发这个音的字母(或字母组合);http:/听辨单词,听音从近似的两个(或多个)单词中选择正确的一个,要让自己做到一听到单词的读音,就能正确拼写出单词,就算是没有学过的生词也能根据读音规则猜个八九不离十;,bed bad bud foot food foolfit feet fatetaste test feastdirty thirty thirteenfeel fell feltemphasis emphasizeanalysis analyzerecor
2、d(n.)record(v.),3.听单词或句子,指出单词的重音或句子的重音,反复跟读、模仿;4.听句子,划分意群,指出意群中的连读、失去爆破、弱读等语音现象,并反复跟读、模仿;5.听句子,辨别句子的语调,从而判断语调中所隐含的态度、情绪或立场等,并反复跟读、模仿和体会。,连读,在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。如:not at all这个短语。连读时听起来就像是一个单词。注意:连读只发生
3、在句子中的同一个意群中。在两个意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现,也不可连读。如:Please take a look at it.这个句子中take a look at it是同一个意群,那么take与a可连读,look与at可连读,at与it可连读。在There is a book in it.一句中book与in往往不连读,因为book与in分别在两个不同的意群中。,不完全爆破,爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。这些音有6个,即/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/和/g/。但在某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,并
4、稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个爆破音的准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发音过程叫作不完全爆破。,“爆破音+爆破音”型,6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。e.g:Wha(t)time does he get up every morning?I bought a chea(p)book,but its a goo(d)book.You can put i(t)down in the bi(g)garden.,“爆破音+摩擦音”型,如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音(如/f/,/
5、s/,/W/,/T/等),那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。e.g:We hear(d)Davi(d)sing las(t)week.The thir(d)chair is broken.,爆破音+m/n,e.g:Goo(d)morning,Mr.Bell.,弱读,1.单词中音的省略 非重读元音e和i的省音较普遍。如:history histerihistri family familifamli 在说话语速较快时,可能有几个辅音被省略掉的现象。特别常见的是在两个辅音之间的t和d的省略。如:i used to aijusttuaijustu,2.句子中词的弱读
6、:通常情况下,冠词、介词、助词、连词等虚词在句子中要弱读。如:its made of cheese and eggs.itsmeidvtfi:zendegz。,句子的语调,Its a fine day today,isnt it?(降调,表达肯定)Its a fine day today,isnt it?(升调,表达询问)He is a good guy.(表陈述)He is a good guy.(表疑问),提高听力理解能力可进行如下训练,1、预测能力包括预测生词含义的子能力和预测听力内容的子能力。为培养预测生词含义的子能力,我们可以做些根据上下文猜测生词含义的练习。eg:1)America
7、n businessmen expect employees to be punctual.They do not expect that the workers will come late.2)Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person,who does not like to go to parties,or to make new friends.3)Most of them agreed;however,John dissented.,4)Doctors,scientists,and public health experts
8、often travel to these regions to solve the mystery of a long healthy life;the experts hope to bring to the modern world the secrets of longevity.5)All of these ideas about the communication of the future are fantasies,to be sure,but many of them are fantasies that are very likely to become realities
9、.6)Instinctive behavior is a pattern of behavior that an animal is born with.,7)We all use onomatopoeic words-words that sound like the noise they are describing.8)Children also need convictions-something(and someone)to trust,to hold up as worthy of admiration.9)We were told that ours was the most s
10、pacious room in the hotel.That was why we had to pay so much for it.,为培养预测听力材料内容的子能力,我们可以只听句子的前半部分,然后判读并且读出或写出句子的后半部分;或者只听听力材料的前半部分,然后预测后半部分的主要内容,并将之读出或写出。预测之后我们再听听力材料的后半部分,并比对我们的预测,看是否准确或相近。,(1)Bob,do you think you could possibly turn off that radio?Im(pause)(2)A:I dont want a double room.I want a
11、single room.B:Im sorry,sir,but Im afraid 43(pause)(3)A:Just look what Ive got.B:Let me see.Fifty pounds!(pause),trying to write a letter.,is the only single room available at the moment.,Where on earth did you get it?,(4)A:Im glad Im not a princess.It must be a dreadful life.B:Dreadful?(pause)(5)Im
12、a reasonably hard-working person.But(pause)(6)A:Had your brother been nervous about it himself?B:Well,he didnt say,but possibly(pause),I wouldnt mind being a prince.,Im not a workaholic.,he had been.,2、要提高抓住重要信息和关键词句的能力,我们可以做一些边听边记笔记、写内容摘要、填空以及主要内容的练习等。在听的过程中,我们还要注意均衡使用“从总体到具体”和“从细节到总体”两种信息处理方式,既要能辨
13、别个别词句,又要纵观全局,注意避免“只见树木不见森林”的情况。,3、要提高判断代词或专有名词具体指代的能力,我们可以做以下练习:在进行泛听训练的时候,听到含义模糊的代词或专有名词后,尽量联系听力材料的上下文说出或写出指代的具体内容;在进行精听训练的时候,可以先列举出听力材料中的代词或专有名词,然后带着问题来听,找出它们具体指代的内容。,Britain has announced that it is to cancel about 200 million pounds worth of the debts owed to it by poorer commonwealth countries.
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