大学英语四级翻译讲座.ppt
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1、四级翻译讲解,1、简介,在四级新题型考试中,翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成,要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分,一是意群的表达,二是句法。评分原则及标准 1、整体内容和语言均正确,得1分。2、结构正确,但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当,得0.5分。3、整体意思正确但语言有错误,得0.5分。4、整体意思完全错误,即使结构正确也不得分。5、大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,2、解题技巧,1)首先,确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成),寻找可能的英文相应表达;2)然后,利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来;3)最
2、后,结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能,根据句法结构理顺语言。,3、解题步骤,第一步:首先快速浏览句子,先看英语不看汉语,从而判断划 线处所填句子的形式、时态。所谓形式包括:1、词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等)2、虚拟 3、被动 所谓时态是指,根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句 子的时态。第二步:看括号里面的汉语句子,以核心谓语动词为切入点,找准主谓宾、分清定状补。,第三步:先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补,切块对应翻译,重 新组合。动词注意时态,名词注意单复数。第四步:通读句子,检查错误。看看句子是否通顺,你的翻 译跟原来的英文是否协调一致。,87.(为了确保他参加
3、会议),I called him up in advance.10.12 第一步:给出的主句部分的时态为过去式,所以从句的谓语(情 态)动词要注意时态的一致。第二步:分析“为了确保他参加会议”“为了”是表达目的的状语,“确保”是主要动词,而“他”和“参加会议”都是确保的对象或宾语。第三步:(1).切块对应翻译:“为了”=句型in order that 或 in order for sb.to do sth.;“确保”=ensure that,make sure that 或 see that;“参加会议”=attend the meeting 或 be present at the meeti
4、ng(2).重新组合:In order to ensure(see,make sure)that he attended the meeting 考察知识点:句型 in order that 或 in order for sb.to do sth.“为了-”,88.The magnificent museum(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.第一步:由句子结构可以推出,划线处应该填写句子的谓语部分。第二步:分析“据说建成于”核心谓语动词是“据说”,“museum”和“建成于”是被动关系。第三步:(1).切块对应翻译:“据说”=be said to“建成于”be
5、built。be said to 后的动词不定式需并根据动作发生的实际先后用一般式、完成式或完成进行式,根据语境,应为 have been built(2).重新组合:is said to have been built。考察知识点:be said to和被动语态,89.There would be no life on earth(没有地球独特的环境).第一步:给出的主句部分是虚拟条件结果句的主句,谓语形式 would be 表示本虚拟语气与现在或一般事实相反 第二步:分析“没有地球独特的环境”核心词是“没有-”,“地球独特的环境”作宾语。第三步:(1).切块对应翻译:“没有-”=if th
6、ere were no.,“地球 独特的环境”=unique environment on it(2).重新组合:if there were no unique environment on it.正确答案:without(=but for)its unique environment/if it were not for(were it not for)its unique environment/if there were no(=were there no)unique environment on it.考察知识点:虚拟语气虚拟语气条件句型,90.(给游客印象最深的)was the f
7、riendliness and warmth of the local people.第一步:由句子结构可以推出句子缺少主语,要填的是主语从句,汉语“的”结构经常可译作英语的what从句。给出部分的谓语动词用的是过去式,所以主语从句也用过去式。第二步:分析“给游客印象最深的”核心谓语是“给印象”,“游客”作宾语,“最深”副词作状语。第三步:(1).切块对应翻译:“给印象”impress,“游客”tourists,“最深”most.(2).重新组合:what impressed tourists most考察知识点:主语从句句型,91.They requested that(我借的书还回图书馆)
8、by next Friday.第一步:由句中部分可以推出,划线处应该填写宾语从句。request表示“要求”的动词后面的宾语从句的谓语形式是(should)+v.第二步:分析“我借的书还回图书馆”“书还回图书馆”是request的内容即宾语从句中的主干,“我借的书”涉及定语从句第三步:(1).切块对应翻译:“书还回图书馆”=the book(s)(should)be returned to the library,“我借的书”the book(s)I borrowed,“借”的动作先发生,所以是一般过去式.(2).重新组合:the book(s)I borrowed(should)be ret
9、urned to the library.正确答案:the book(s)I borrowed(should)be returned to the library/I(should)return the books(I borrowed)to the library by next Friday.考察知识点:虚拟语气名词性从句句型,4、分析考题,翻译考题的考点通常是:语法,词汇和固定搭配。有时一个考题中同时出现多个考点,但是为了分析之便,我们根据考题的侧重点把考题分类成以下三大考点:一、语法结构(grammar)二、重点单词(key words)三、固定搭配(set structures),语
10、法讲解:虚拟语气 第一种:由“if”引导的虚拟句子,过去现在将来,从句 主句,had+done/been would(could,should.)+have done/been,were/did would(could,should.)+do,were to/should would(could,should.)+do,汉译英标志:“本.”“本不该”“要是/要不是”“早知道.我就”,87.You would not have failed if_(按照 我的指令去做).(09.12),88.If she had returned an hour earlier,Mary _ _(就不会被大雨淋
11、湿了).(09.06),you had followed my orders,caught by the rain,89.The victim _(本来会有 机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(06.12),would have had a chance to survive,wouldnt have been,陈述句+or+虚拟主句,or+主语+would do 表示对现在事实的虚拟,or+主语+would have done表示对过去事实的虚拟,We didnt know his telephone number,otherwis
12、e we _(phone)him.,He must have had an accident,or he _(be)here then.,would have phoned,would have been,第二种:,第三种:用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为:“-(should)+do sth.”(should常省去)。类似用法的动词有:insist(坚持),suggest(建议),order(命令),propose(建议),demand(要求),command(命令),advise(建议),desire(要求、请求),request(请求),require(需要、要求),
13、ask(要求),prefer(宁愿),arrange(安排),recommend(推荐),advocate(拥护、提倡),maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。,89The professor required that _(我们交研究报告).(06.06),we hand in our research reports,第四种:用在“It+be+adj.+that-”结构that 引导的主语从句 中从句谓语形式为:“-(should)+do sth.”(should常省去)。这类形容词有:important,necessary,natural,essential,strange,a
14、bsurd,amazing,annoying,desirable,surprising,vital,advisable,anxious,eager,compulsory,crucial,imperative,fitting,possible,impossible,improper,obligatory,probable,preferable,strange,urgent 等,以及insisted,suggested,ordered,requested,arranged,recommended 等,90.It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装
15、在窗户旁).(10.06),should be installed by the window,第五种:用在It is time that-结构中,表示“该干某事了”,含建议 的意思。从句谓语形式为:动词过去式。例如:It is time(that)we went to bed.咱们该睡觉了。注意:time 前可加about(表示“大约”)或high(表示“强调”)等。,语法讲解:倒装 1、当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装,如不在句首或 虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come
16、 to a sound conclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时,你才能得出正确的结论。Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology.只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。其他如:only then,only once,only in AmericaChina,only after the accident等。真题【CET-6:2007.6】Only in the small town_.(他才感 到安全和放松)参考答案:does he feel
17、secure and relaxed,2、never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有:never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,not until,by no means,under no circumstances,under no condition,in no way(决不),in no case(决不),neither(nor),no sooner(than),hardly(when),barely(仅仅,几乎不),on no account,in no circumstances(决不),not a bit,n
18、owhere,not onlybut also等。Not only was Churchill a statesman,but also a poet.丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家,还是一位诗人。Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense.我从未听到过这种胡说!,3、the more,the more结构中的倒装。90.The more you explain,_(我愈糊涂).【CET-4:2006.6】,The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎).【CET-6:20
19、07.12】,the more confused I am,91.The more exercise you take,_ _(你越不大可能感冒)【CET-4:2009.12】,the less likely you are to catch,a cold,should he lie,to the court,The manager never laughed;neither _ _(她也从来没有发过脾气).【CET-4:2010.06】,before,did she lose her temper,1、在含有were,had,should的虚拟条件状语中,如果省略了连 接词if,要求用倒装结
20、构。例如:1)Were she to leave right now,she would get there on Sunday 2)Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams,2、在由“soadv.adj that”和“such that”引出的结果状语从 句中,要求用倒装句。例如:1)So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed 2)So suddenly was the attack that we had no ti
21、me to escape,More:,语法讲解:强调1It is/was+被强调部分+that/who 对于这个结构,需要注意以下几点:(1)被强调部分主要是主语、宾语、宾补和状语,不能强调表语;强调句也可用来强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词,如Who was it that broke the window yesterday?(2)除了is,was外,be还可以采用其他形式,如might be等。It might be in this room that he met her.(3)被强调部分如果是人或物,that可用whowhomwhich 替代;被强调部分如果是时间状语或地点状语,其引导词只能
22、是that,而不能用when或where;强调时间状语时,若有否定词not应提到从句前面。,(4)强调句可用来强调多种状语从句,但不能用来强调让步状 语从句和比较状语从句;强调句可用来强调because引导的 原因状语从句但不能用来强调since和as引导的原因状语 从句。(5)在强调主语时,被强调的主语若是人称代词,一般用主格 that后的谓语动词应在人称、数上保持一致;强调的宾语 是them时,them要改用those。,_(直到截止日他才 寄出)his application form.【CET-6:2007.1】,It was not until the deadline that h
23、e sent(out),_(正是由于她太没有经验)that she does not know how to deal with the situation.,It is because she is too inexperienced,语法讲解:被动语态,91Though a skilled worker,_(他 被公司解雇了).(06.06),he was fired by the company,91.Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life _(是用他们能够借到 多少来衡量的),not how much they c
24、an earn.(07.12),is measured by how much they can borrow,87.Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _.(能应用于新技术的开发)(08.06),can be applied to the research and development of the new,technology,89.We look forward to _ _(被邀请出席开幕式).(10.06),being invited to attend the opening,ceremony,语法讲解:
25、定语从句,定语从句是英语中一个非常重要的语法点。在四级考试中,不仅仅是翻译部分,阅读理解和写作部分同样要求考生熟练掌握这一语法点。在阅读理解中,很多让考生烦恼的长难句都是通过定语从句的形式“打造”的,只要考生能够理清句子结构,分析定语从句的意思,很多长难句就会迎刃而解。在写作中,考生如果能够恰当地使用定语从句,定能为文章增色不少。下面我们来一起分析四级考试翻译题目中的定语从句考点。,引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,but,as等,关系副词有when,where,why,how等。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。,(1)用作关联词的关系代词有who,
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