公开课读写任务：概括.ppt

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1、概要写作导练,读写任务是要求考生首先阅读一篇短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。要求先用约30词概括短文全文或短文某个方面的内容，再用约120词就某个主题发表观点。发表观点时题中本身有内容要点提示。具体来说，这类试题有以下几个特点：1.长度：阅读文章长度约200250词。2.难度：较高考阅读文章或教材阅读文章更容易，一般没有生词。,3.主题：与学生的学习或生活密切相关，为所有考生所熟悉。4.内容：写作内容要点明确，所有考生都有话可写。但表达方式及例证随考生而定，开放的程度较大。5.概括：可以是用约30词概括全文，也可以是概括其中的某个小段落、某个人物或某个方面。6.类型：一般包括三

2、种，议论文，记叙文，说明文。,概括的解题步骤(1)审题，明确题目要求：通过审题明确文章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题。其中主体人称，就是要确定以第几人称进行写作。,(2)阅读，抓住内容要点：阅读短文，确定问题，并找出文章的内容要点。议论文的内容要点是：论点、论据和结论。记叙文的内容要点是：时间(when)，地点(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，结果怎么样(how)，这是记叙文的五要素。说明文和新闻报道：通常会有中心句（多在首段），要找出“现象”“原因”“解决方法”,议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论,因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sent

3、ences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusion sentences)。其中最主要的是找准主题句。概要模板：论点+论据(+结论),议论文可用以下开头：1.The passage/author argues that because 2.The passage/author discuss the importance of,解题过程第一步，根据文体,找出要点。略读短文,本文是典型的议论文,第一段为议点,第二、三自然段为论据,最后一段为结论,首尾呼应。论点、论据和结论分别为：,典型例题（2011 珠海一模）阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的

4、主要内容。内容见学案,阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇词150左右的英语短文。Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient timesMany years ago,people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early,we would be energetic the whole daySo,getting up early is of great importance to us allIn fact,morning is the best

5、 time of a dayIn the morning,the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditionsMany of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately i n the morning than at any other time of the dayIf we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in

6、the morning,we can build our bodies and become much healthierAlso we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up earlyHowever,if we get up late,well probably have to do everything in a great hurryLet us remember getting up early is a good habit an

7、d try our best to keep itIf we stick to getting up early every day,we will certainly benefit a lot from it【写作内容】1以约30个词概括短文的要点：2然后以约120个词就“早起还是晚起好”这个主题发表你的看法，并包括以下要点：（1）你是喜欢早起还是晚起；（2）结合自己学习或生活的例子，说明你喜欢这样做的理由：（3）你的父母或教师有何建议：（4）你如何看待他们的建议。【写作要求】1可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子：2标题自定。【评分

8、标准】概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。,第二步,用自己的话将其表达出来。参考范文为：(范文1)The passage mainly tells us getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot.It enables us to have a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.,(范文2)The passage tries to tell us that getting up early i

9、n the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot,including a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.,串联要素法,写作方法串联要素法 记叙文的概要,一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。,某人何时何地因何原因或处于何种目的做了何事，以及该故事给人有什么启示。当然,不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素,但

10、“某人做了某事,结果如何”是应当包括的。因此,要写好概要,须找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(who did what)(2)结果如何？(what was the result)如果是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。,记叙文可用以下开头：1.The passage/author is mainly about2.According to the passage,we know,例(2011年广州一模)阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。内容见学案,写作内容1.以约30个词概括这篇演讲稿的主要内容；2.然后以约120个词写一篇读后感,说明“诚信的重

11、要性”。,Good morning,ladies and gentlemen.This is Li Hua from Senior Three.Im here today to share with youagood lesson from an overseas Chinese student living in Germany.It isatrue story.After years of hard work,this Chinese student gradua-ted with amazing academic achievements.Everyone thoughthewas go

12、ing to getagood job easily and haveabright future.But to his disappointment,hewas not even allowed the chance for an interview!The third timehewas turned down,hecouldnt help telephoning the company to ask why they didnt want him.The answer was simple,“We dont hire dishonest people in Germany.”What w

13、as wrong you might wonder?The truth is,shortly afterhearrived in Germany,this clever student found that it was easy to skip buying subway tickets.So,to save money,heoften wentwithoutaticket.Asaresult,hehadbeencaughtwithoutaticketin the subway three times.From this story,we learn that we may get shor

14、t-term benefits by dishonest means,but the truth will come out sooner or later and the cost is high.So remember:honesty is the best policy.Thats all for my speech.Thank you!写作内容 1以约 30 词概括上文的主要内容；2以约 120 词写一篇读后感，说明“诚信的重要性”，内容包括：(1)你读后的感受；(2)以你或他人的经历说明诚信的重要性；(3)谈谈你从中悟出的道理。写作要求 1作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参

15、 照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。,解题过程 第一步,根据写作内容2,快速获取大意。写作内容2说明“诚信的重要性”，扫读原文可以发现该文章是夹叙夹议的记叙文,那么我们可以形成概要框架:作者讲述了一个故事来说明诚信的重要性。这样,就有了方向和思路了。,第二步：阅读材料,回答以下三个问题。(1)谁做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student.The student had been caught without a ticket in the subway three ti

16、mes.(2)结果如何？He was not even allowed the chance for an interview.(3)说明了什么？Honesty is the best policy.,第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文1：Today I read an instructive speech,in which the speaker argues honesty is the best policy by telling the story of an overseas Chinese student who couldnt find a job because

17、 of dishonesty.,范文2：The writer tells a story about a Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement couldnt find a job in Germany because of his dishonesty to skip the subway tickets,which shows honesty is the best policy.,我们根据说明文的不同类型,分别给出三种参考模板：1.描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+利好”：(In the passage)th

18、e writer introduces.(对象)to us,especially its.(性质或功用),from which we know.(对象带来的利好).,2.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”：The passage tells us.(问题),including.(方法1),.(方法2)and.(方法3).,3.介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+结果”：(The author/writer said/talks about).(现象)of.,because/but.(原因/本质1),and.(原因/本质2).,在高考读写任务中,多为说明某种社会现象的说明

19、文。,特别提醒：,阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括这段短文的内容。,Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives.Without eyes,we seem to be able to do nothing.But,what can we do to take care of eyes?Firstly,we should eat healthy foods.Secondly,dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at

20、 intervals so as to relax the eye muscles.Thirdly,having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.,Besides those notices,you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives.Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes,therefore,when going out,especially in summer time,put on a pair

21、of qualified sunglasses.Stay away from smoking.Some ingredients组成部分;(烹调的)原料in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的).,Last but not least,take regular medical examines to check out the potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化).Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use prop

22、er eye care products to avoid further irritations(刺激)and ensure longevity（长命,长寿）at ease（安心;自在;不拘束）.,解题过程 本文在指出眼睛重要后,紧接着提出问题“为保护眼睛,我们可以做些什么呢”,然后分三点说明应该做些什么。因此,我们可以套用“问题+解决方法”模式：Our eyes are important for us,so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes,including eating healthy food,giving them

23、enough time to rest,knowing some threats,and taking frequent eye examinations.,练习参考答案（对象+性质功能+利好）The passage introduce the idea of a balloon robot,especially it helps to guide people to their destination without being connected to the Internet.,Homework.完成英语周报第22期试卷第三部分写作第二节读写任务的概括部分。,2.摘要后过渡语:在写完摘要

24、之后,要有过渡词或过渡句,才使上下文自然衔接,记叙文的过渡语(引出类似的经历)This story reminds me of another story that happened toThis story reminds me of a similar experience ofI also went through such an experience.I have a similar experience.have/has a similar experience as.,如何提高作文档次,(1)表达精练简洁:表达不要罗嗦,若能用非谓语动词做定语或状语就不要用定语从句或状语从句.(2)

25、避免低级错误:避免语法和拼写的低级错误,避免被扣印象分.(3)保证赏心悦目:注重字体的美化,保持卷面整洁,提高印象分.(4)句子错落有致:根据表达需要,交叉使用长句与短句,简单句与复合句.(5)句式多种多样:多样化句式,方能显示较强的语言功底,大大提高作文档次.,多样化句式,(1)用it is/was that强调句式.(2)用作状语的介词短语开头的完全倒装句或用以only in this way 等开头的部分倒装句.(3)用with的复合结构(with+宾语+宾补)作状语.(4)用非谓语动词简化状语从句或并列结构.(5)用what引导的名词性从句.(6)用独立主格结构.(7)恰当运用感叹句,

26、被动句等.(8)适当使用插入语,如to be honest,I guess,I think,personally等.(9)尽量用短语代替单词来表达同样的意思.(10)恰当使用关联词语,除使用复合句的连词外,写作中经常用到的关联词:,举例:for example;for instance,such as等列举:for one thingand for another 一 来,二来等.转折:however(然而),but(但是),after all(毕竟)等.总结:in a word(总之),in brief(总之),in conclusion(最后)等.因果:thanks to,as a res

27、ult(of),due to,therefore,so等.强调:indeed(确实),certainly(一定),above all(尤其)等.,对比:in the same way(同样地),just as(正如),compared with(与相比),on the one handand on the other hand 一方面,另一方面.等.递进:then(然后),besides(此外,还有),whats more(而且)等.,备考策略:,1.打好词汇语法基础2.阅读注意概括要点3.关注社会现象和社会热点,学会用英语表达想法4.每天一篇作文训练(25分钟)5.积累“万能”句型,写作常用

28、到的正确句型.6.建立词句“错题集”7.保证卷面整洁美观,丰富的句式：(常用到的句型结构）利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。,e.g.What a kind boy he is!How disappointed he was!,感叹句,强调句,e.g.It was this young boy that helped the old granny.I do hope you can come if possible.,e.g.Only in this way can you solve this problem.There comes the police car.Hardly

29、 had they got to the station when they met the young man.,e.g.They read while walking or riding on a bus.Come to me if necessary.,e.g.I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.,倒装句,省略句,with短语,e.g.In my opinion,cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much usef

30、ul information.Lets come to the main teaching building,at the back of which stands the school library.,定语从句,e.g.Thats what I should do.We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present.,各种名词性从句,e.g.Time passed quickly before we knew it.The moment we reached the farm,we got down to harvesting.So

31、 long as we work harder at our lessons,well catch up sooner or later.,各种状语从句,1.To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）2.Though Im weak,Ill make the effort.(使用倒装句),What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.,Practice 怎样使用较丰富的句式和高级词汇,Weak as I am,Ill make th

32、e effort.,3.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型)4.I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）,Practice 怎样使用较丰富的句式和高级词汇,It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.,I couldnt have passed the physics

33、 exam but for your help.,5.She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(使用过去分词)6.They sang and laughed as they went back to school.(使用V-ing形式),Followed by many students,she walked out of the lab.,Singing and laughing,they went back to school.,7.I wont believe what he says.（no matter wha

34、t状语从句）8.If you study hard,you will make rapid progress.（祈使句+and）,No matter what he says,I wont believe.,Study hard and youll make rapid progress.,9He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.(使用倒装句)10.We all think he is a great man.(think highly of),No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.,We all think highly of him.,11.As a result the plan was a failure.(turn out)12.When he spoke,he felt more and more excited.(the morethe more),The plan turned out to be a failure.,The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.,