一般过去时与现在完成时的区别课件.ppt

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1、一般现在时与现在完成时的区别,一般过去时的构成,概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。基本构成：主语+动词（包括be）的过去时常用的时间状语：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等具体时间状语。【注】不论是否定句还是一般疑问句，只要用了助动词，原句中的谓语动词的过去时都要还原成动词原形；主+系+表结构的句子，主语要和was和were在人称和数上保持一致。,一般过去时的用法,表示过去某一时刻或某段时间发生的动作或者存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：I lived here 5 yea

2、rs ago.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：When I was a child,I often played football in the street.一般过去时的形式有时并不表示过去的动作而是只表示说话人的委婉语气。例如：could you tell me your name?,现在完成时的构成,概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词否定形式：主语+have/has+not+过去分词常用的时间状语：now,today,tonight,this week,this ye

3、ar,already,yet,just,since,recently,in the past few years等等,for和since的运用for表“经历(一段时间)”，而since表“自从以来”。例如：1.Hehasstayedherefor3hours.2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3oclock.4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.,Fill in the blanks with“for”or“since”:We have had the new computer _ a

4、week.How long have you studied English?I have studied English _ I was five.3.How long has he taught in this school?He has taught in this school _ 1998.4.How long have you known each other?We have known each other _ over ten years.5.How long have you kept your pet dog?I have kept it _ two years ago.I

5、 have kept it _ two years.,since,since,for,since,for,for,James has been in Canada _ Monday.James has been in Canada _ four days.James came to Canada four days _.My aunt has lived in Brazil _ 15 years.My aunt moved to Brazil 15 years _.She has lived in Brazil _ 15 years _.Mike has been in hospital _

6、October.Mike has been in hospital _ two monthsMike came to the hospital two months _He has been in hospital _ two months _,填上since,for或者ago.,since,for,ago,for,ago,since ago,since,for,ago,since ago,already和yet 的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末。但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句。例如：1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome

7、-work.2.Tomhasntfinishedhishomework yet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?,Shall we eat lunch?I am _ hungry.Have you met our foreign teacher _?No,not _.Has the bell rung _?Yes,It has _ rung.The computer has not been repaired _.We have _ changed the plan because Linda hasnt made up her mind _.Have you

8、ordered the takeaway food _?Yes.We have _ ordered it.,already,yet,yet,yet,already,already,yet,yet,already,yet,Fill in already or yet when needed,现在完成时的用法,目前已经完成的动作，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如：I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用。例如：Mary has been ill for three

9、 days.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。例如：We have had four texts this semester.,使用现在完成时应注意：,“have/has got”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/has 为同一意义，即“有”。例如：Have you got a pen-friend?-Yes,I have.have/has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别：have/has gone to 强调“去而未归”；have/has been to 强调“去而归还”。have/hasbeen to常和once,twice

10、,never,ever连用；have/has gone to则不可。非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有：come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。,一般过去时和现在完成时的区别,（1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film

11、.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。,She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in New York for many years.Have you ever been to Beijing？,总结,句子

12、中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday,last week,in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。共同的时间状语:this morning,tonight,this April,now,once，before,already,recently，lately 等。,比较练习,1.-Where _you _(put)the book?I cant see it anywhere.-I _(put)it right here.But now its gone.A.did;put;put B.have;pu

13、t;put C.did;put;have put D.have;put;have put2.We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened 3.Hello,I _ you were in London.How long _ here?A.dont know;were you B.hadnt known;are you C.havent known;are D.didnt know;have you

14、been,B,C,D,比较练习,4.Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to.A.finished;were B.have finished;are C.have finished;were D.had finished;were 5.It _ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.A.finds B.has found C.was found D.has been found 6.When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgottenD.had spoken;have forgotten,C,D,B,