毕业论文我国银行业并购模式的探讨.doc
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1、湖北工业大学商贸学院毕业设计毕业论文(设计)题 目 姓 名 学 号 专业年级 指导教师 职 称 2010年 6月湖北工业大学商贸学院毕业论文摘 要伴随着经济全球化和金融自由化进程的加快,世界范围内新一轮的银行业并购浪潮已经风起云涌。在新一轮的银行并购浪潮中诞生了一批超大规模的银行,对世界金融格局尤其是发展中国家的金融业造成一定的冲击。我国加入WTO以后,国内银行业在迎来前所未有的机遇的同时,也面临着更加严峻的挑战。我国将逐步放宽或取消对外资金融机构的种种限制,因此我国金融业将不可避免地受到国际银行业跨国并购的冲击,在这种情况下,我国银行业增强自身竞争实力的有效途径之一就是通过并购形成规模经济效
2、益和范围经济效益,提高与国际大银行相抗衡的实力。中国金融业正处在体制转轨、扩大对外开放、增强市场竞争力的关键时期。随着改革和发展的深入,也开始启动金融机构并购重组的按键。1996年广东发展银行收购中银信托投资公司,1998年国家开发银行、1999年中国光大银行分别兼并中国投资银行,拉开了国内银行业并购重组的帷幕。但是,应该看到我国银行业在发展过程中存在着一些问题,这些问题为并购重组的开展设置了障碍,同时也提出了新的要求。所以,我国银行业走到了关键的十字路口,既不能安于在岸上观潮,也不能盲目随波逐流,在借鉴国际银行业并购的经验的同时,还需要结合自身的发展状况,做出理性的决策。因此本文试图通过分析
3、,为我国银行业的并购提供一条可供选择的思路。本文运用马克思唯物辩证法,历史与逻辑相结合,同时借鉴了西方经济理论体系中能为我们所用的观点和方法,对银行业并购的动因和效应进行了详尽的分析,同时结合国际银行业并购浪潮的特点和我国银行业的现状,进而提出了我国银行业并购的初步设想和风险防范措施建议。全文共分五部分。第一章导论部分介绍了本文的写作背景和研究意义,并对银行并购、合并、兼并、收购等相关概念作了界定,同时对本文的研究方法和研究思路作了说明。第二章是关于研究主题的理论基础,介绍了银行并购的代表性理论:交易费用理论、代理问题及管理主义理论、多角化理论,并对这些理论进行了评述。其中交易费用理论在解释纵
4、向并购上具有一定的适用性,代理问题及管理主义理论从公司代理人问题的角度对并购提供了解释,多角化理沦可用于解释混合并购。第三章是银行业并购的动因和效应分析,首先分析了银行业并购的外部动因和内部动因,外部动因主要有:经济全球化和跨国公司化以及经济区域化,金融自由化的发展和政府管制的放松;内部动因主要有:突破进入壁垒,拓展经营边界;扩大市场力量,提高市场占有率;利用预期效益,获得“市盈率幻觉”;化解危机,拯救低效银行。接着对银行业并购的效应进行了分析,指出银行业并购既有正面效应,也有负面效应,正面效应主要包括增值效应和转移效应,而增值效应又表现在规模经济和范围经济效益上,转移效应表现为资本市场价值转
5、移和税收转移;负面效应主要表现在:过分垄断可能损害消费者的利益,超大规模带来的经营风险,金融监管难度加大以及大幅度裁员问题。第四章是国际银行业并购浪潮及对我国银行业的启示,在回顾了新一轮国际银行业并购浪潮的概况,分析其新特点之后,指出其对国际银行业尤其是发展中国家金融业的影响:风起云涌的银行并购潮改变着并购银行自身规模和国际排名的同时,也使发展中国家金融业所面临的挑战和压力急剧增加,因此发展中国家的金融业必须加快内部整合步伐,进行适度规模调整,提升本国银行的国际竞争能力,加入到全球金融化的浪潮之中;最后引发了对我国银行业的启示,即银行业的适度规模问题、混业或分业经营模式问题、并购重组的效率性问
6、题。第五章是我国银行业并购的初步设想和风险防范。本章从分析我国银行业的现状入手,指出并购对我国银行业的意义,进而提出了我国银行业并购的初步设想,并针对银行业并购过程中的风险初步提出了一些防范措施的建议,为实现并购后的规模经济和范围经济效益提供一条思路。本文正是在前人研究的基础上,以一个新的角度对银行业并购问题进行了深层次的再探讨,并力图为我国银行业的并购提供一条切实可行的思路。本文的创新之处在于:一是我国银行业并购的初步设想:以商业银行开展战略联盟,四大国有银行加快内部整合的步伐为主流,以新兴中小商业银行之间进行并购重组为铺垫,以银行业之间、银行业与非银行业之间的并购为号角,一些条件成熟的银行
7、可逐步开展并购重组。二是指出我国银行业并购的风险并初步提出防范措施建议:建立专业的市场中介机构,完善我国并购法律法规和制度体系,正确发挥政府在并购重组中的作用,充分发挥资本市场在银行并购中的积极作用,并注重并购后银行的整合,以实现本文在理论分析基础上的实践的创新。关 键 词:银行并购 规模经济 范围经济AbstractWith the economic globalization and financial deregulation, a new wave of bank mergers and acquisitions (M&A) during which a couple of mega-
8、sized banks formed have been surging throughout the world, making some impacts on the worlds financial structure especially the financial industries in developing countries. After Chinas entry into WTO, the domestic financial industry is faced with more severe challenges as well as unprecedented opp
9、ortunities. China will gradually lift the various restrictions on foreign financial institutions; therefore the bank M&A worldwide will inevitably affect the domestic financial industry. Under this circumstance, one of the effective approaches to strengthen the domestic financial industry is to seek
10、 scale economy effect and scope economy effect through bank M&A, enhancing its capabilities of contending with multinational banks.Chinas financial industry is now in the crucial time when the system is being transferred, the policy of opening to the outside world being continuously enforced and cap
11、abilities of financial industry being strengthened. With the deepening reform and development in financial industry, bank M&A in China also kicked off. In 1996, Guangdong Development Bank acquired Trust & investment Company, BOA. In 1998 and in 1999, the National Development Bank and China Everbrigh
12、t Bank merged investment Band of China Respectively. All these marked the beginning of M&A in domestic banking industry. But on the other side, we should see that there are some problems during the process of its development. These problems set some obstacles for bank M&A and reconstruction, at the
13、same time pose new requirements. Therefore, the financial industry in China is now at the crossroads. We can neither stand by nor follow the suit blindly. When drawing on the experience of worldwide bank M&A, we should consider the present situation of domestic financial industry and make rational d
14、ecisions. Therefore, this paper tries to provide an alternative approach for Chinas bank M&A.This paper utilizes dialectical materialism of Marxism, using historical and logic methods, and drawing on the valuable viewpoints and methods of western economic theories. This paper deeply analyzes the imp
15、etus and effects of bank M&A, coupling the characteristics of worldwide bank M&A with the status quo of Chinas banking industry, then providing a tentative idea for Chinas bank M&A, making some suggestions on how to lower the risks during the process of bank M&A.Chapter 2 discusses the theoretical b
16、asis of the topic. This part introduces and comments on some typical theories on bank M&A, such as transaction cost theory, principal-agent problem and management theory, and diversification theory. The transaction cost theory applies to vertical M&A to some extent. The principal-agent problem and m
17、anagement theory explains M&A form the respect of agent, while the diversification theory discusses the impetus of mixed M&A.Chapter 3 analyzes the impetus and effects of bank M&A. Firstly, this part discusses the external and internal impetus of bank M&A. The external driving forces mainly include
18、economic globalization, enterprises multinationalization, economic regionalization, financial deregulation and regulatory relaxation. The internal motives are as follows: to break through the barriers of entry into a new industry and to widen the operational scope; to enhance the market power and to
19、 enlarge the market share; to acquire “PE ratio illusion” by using expectation effect; and to help the ineffective banks out of crisis. Secondly, this paper reviews the effects of bank M&A, which include both positive and negative ones. The positive effects mainly include appreciation effect and div
20、ersion effect. The former is reflected on scale economy and scope economy, while the latter is embodied on diversion of capital market value and taxation. The negative effects mainly include: excessive monopoly would probably impede the interests of the consumers; excessive size would build up the o
21、perational risk; the financial regulation would be more difficult and complicated; M&A would lead to a great deal of laid-offs.Chapter 4 examines the new wave of worldwide bank M&A and its enlightenment on the banking industry in china. After retrospection of the situation in the new wave of bank M&
22、A, this paper analyzes its new characteristics and discusses its effects on international banking industry especially in developing countries. Surging bank M&A changed the sizes of merged banks and top lists, at the same time brought more challenges and pressures on financial industries in developin
23、g countries. Therefore the developing countries should step up financial reconstruction and readjust banks sizes appropriately, thus enhance the capabilities of the domestic banks to compete with rivals in western countries, and then join the wave of financial globalization. Finally, inspirations on
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